Microbiology. TB--a new target, a new drug     

Cole ST  Alzari PM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,307(5707):214-215

  相似文献   

THE AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY     

Cole AD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1913,38(991):936-938

  相似文献   

Isolation, experimental transmission, and characterization of causative agent of Potomac horse fever   总被引：28，自引：0，他引：28  

C J Holland  M Ristic  A I Cole  P Johnson  G Baker  T Goetz 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,227(4686):522-524

  相似文献   

Predatory Dinosaurs from the Sahara and Late Cretaceous Faunal Differentiation     

PC Sereno  DB Dutheil  M Iarochene  HCE Larsson  GH Lyon  PM Magwene  CA Sidor  DJ Varricchio  JA Wilson 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,272(5264):986-991

Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) fossils discovered in the Kem Kem region of Morocco include large predatory dinosaurs that inhabited Africa as it drifted into geographic isolation. One, represented by a skull approximately 1.6 meters in length, is an advanced allosauroid referable to the African genus Carcharodontosaurus. Another, represented by a partial skeleton with slender proportions, is a new basal coelurosaur closely resembling the Egyptian genus Bahariasaurus. Comparisons with Cretaceous theropods from other continents reveal a previously unrecognized global radiation of carcharodontosaurid predators. Substantial geographic differentiation of dinosaurian faunas in response to continental drift appears to have arisen abruptly at the beginning of the Late Cretaceous.  相似文献   

Marine protected areas export larvae of infauna, but not of bioengineering mussels to adjacent areas     

V.J. Cole  C.D. McQuaid  M.D.V. Nakin 《Biological conservation》2011,(8):2088-2096

Populations of organisms that create habitat can often be fragmented throughout landscapes by anthropogenic disturbances such as harvesting and loss or change to the identity of such bioengineers may lead to large changes in biodiversity. Using the fauna associated with a bioengineer, the intertidal mussel Perna perna, we tested hypotheses about the relative importance of larval export from protected populations in marine reserves. Harvesting led to the replacement of P. perna and the domination of shores outside reserves by turf-forming coralline algae, mostly Corallina spp. We determined whether the diverse fauna recruiting onto artificial units of habitat placed within mussel beds differed between reserves and non-reserve areas or whether shores outside reserves, and open to harvesting, received recruits through larval export from reserves. Furthermore, we determined whether this was affected by the distance away from reserves and whether colonisation was achieved by movement of adults from surrounding biogenic habitats or via the plankton. Overall, we found no effect of increasing distance away from a reserve on the cover of adult mussels or associated fauna. We found strong effects of the presence of marine reserves on abundances of molluscs and polychaetes but not crustaceans. There were greater densities of molluscs in sites with a reserve (i.e. inside reserves, and up to 5 km outside reserve boundaries), but more polychaetes in exploited sites. For molluscs, this pattern was driven by gastropods rather than bivalves. Furthermore, although reserves had greater cover of adult mussels than non-reserve areas, recruitment of mussels was not greater inside or near to reserves. Our study illustrates the effectiveness of these reserves in protecting stocks of adult mussels, and although there was no evidence that reserves provided export of the larvae of mussels (the target species), they did provide larval export of non-targeted associated species. By protecting a harvested bioengineer and through export of the larvae of its associated fauna, these reserves fulfil some, but not all the conservation aims of a marine protected area.  相似文献   

Factors related to the distribution and prevalence of the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Rana cascadae and other amphibians in the Klamath Mountains     

Jonah Piovia-Scott  Karen L. Pope  Sharon P. Lawler  Esther M. Cole  Janet E. Foley 《Biological conservation》2011,144(12):2913-2921

The fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which causes the disease chytridiomycosis, has been associated with declines and extinctions of montane amphibians worldwide. To gain insight into factors affecting its distribution and prevalence we focus on the amphibian community of the Klamath Mountains in northwest California. The Cascades frog (Rana cascadae), one of the most common amphibians in these mountains, experienced increased mortality as a result of Bd exposure in laboratory trials and has experienced recent, dramatic declines in other parts of California. We surveyed 112 sites in the Klamaths, all of which supported R. cascadae between 1999 and 2002, for amphibians and Bd to (1) determine the distribution of Bd, (2) evaluate changes in the distribution of R. cascadae, and (3) assess associations between potential biotic and abiotic drivers and Bd infection. Bd was widely distributed in the Klamath Mountains – we detected the pathogen at 64% of sites. R. cascadae was found at 79% of sites, and was often infected with Bd. These results suggest that Bd has not caused dramatic declines in R. cascadae in the Klamaths in recent years. Subadult R. cascadae had a higher Bd prevalence than other R. cascadae life stages (subadults: 36%, adults: 25%, metamorphs: 4%, larvae: 1%), and while the probability of infection decreased over the season for adults, it did not for subadults, suggesting that subadults may be more vulnerable to chytridiomycosis than other R. cascadae life stages. Bd prevalence in R. cascadae was highest early in the season at high-elevation sites, which may indicate that populations inhabiting high elevation sites may have a greater risk of being affected by chytridiomycosis. Three other common amphibian species also tested positive for Bd: Pacific chorus frog (Pseudacris regilla), western toad (Anaxyrus boreas), and rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa).  相似文献   

Maintaining Genetic Resources of Peach Palm (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bactris gasipaes</Emphasis> Kunth): The Role of Seed Migration and Swidden-fallow Management in Northeastern Peru     

David M. Cole  Timothy L. White  P. K. R. Nair 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(1):189-204

Knowledge of the effects of farmer practices on population genetic parameters of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) is relevant to the improvement and conservation of the palm’s genetic resources. Microsatellite markers were used to assess genetic diversity and population structure of peach palm in swidden-fallow agroforestry systems in northeastern Peru. The study covered eight communities, comprising two study areas 160 km apart – one occupied by indigenous Amerindians and the other by mixed race campesinos. Simultaneous analysis of an ex situ peach palm germplasm collection provided a means to compare population genetic parameters. Farmers who were surveyed on seed selection practices for peach palm reported that an average of only four palms (4.3 for campesino and 1.5 for indigenous populations) were used to provide seed for the establishment of the forest gardens sampled. As expected, inbreeding coefficients observed within communities were relatively high (f = 0.105 − 0.210), however, observed heterozygosities within communities were also high (0.625–0.741). A metapopulation approach was used to describe migration within and among regions, implying a hierarchical structure of gene flow which maintains relatively high levels of genetic diversity. Seed migration was found to occur over longer distances (≤600 km) and at a higher frequency (46% of palms sampled) in the indigenous study area, and a proportionally greater number of alleles was found (49 vs. 43 over three loci) with twice as many private alleles occurring only in the indigenous populations. The farmers’ practice of preserving remnant palms through successive swidden generations may have contributed to the maintenance of alleles by reducing the severity of founder effects. Although the campesino study area exhibited a significant (20% of the variation; p < 0.01) isolation-by-distance relationship across 35 km distance, in general, both study populations had relatively limited genetic structure (θ = 0.012–0.03), which is believed to have resulted from the exchange of seeds over long distances and periods of time.  相似文献   

The mycotoxin verruculogen: a 6-O-methylindole   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R J Cole  J W Kirksey 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1973,21(5):927-929

  相似文献   

Vegetational changes associated with recreational use and fire suppression in the Eagle Cap Wilderness, Oregon: Some management implications   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

David N. Cole 《Biological conservation》1981,20(4):247-270

Construction and use of trails and campsites, grazing by recreational packstock, and suppression of fires have altered the vegetation of the Eagle Cap Wilderness Area in northeastern Oregon, USA. The amount and type of alteration has varied among vegetation types and with the kind of activity. Changes attributed to intensive recreational use are localised but severe, particularly in more densely forested areas. Suppression of fires has produced subtle but widespread changes. Current attempts to minimise these changes are often inadequate due to the lack of ecological information and the difficulties of implementing regulations. Management suggestions are offered.  相似文献   

Knowledge is not enough     

Cole HP 《Journal of agricultural safety and health》2000,6(4):245-247

  相似文献