Nitrogen concentrations and proportions of ammonium and nitrate in the nutrition and growth of yellow passion fruit seedlings     

Gabriel Barbosa da Silva Junior  Renato de Mello Prado  Sylvia Letícia Oliveira Silva  Cid Naudi Silva Campos  Leónides Gonzáles Castellanos  Luiz Cláudio Nascimento dos Santos 《Journal of plant nutrition》2020,43(16):2533-2547

Abstract

Despite the importance of nitrogen (N) supply to plants, there are still doubts concerning the optimal relations of ammonium and nitrate in the nutrition of yellow passion fruit seedlings. This study aims to evaluate the interaction between nitrogen concentrations and ammonium and nitrate proportions in the nutrition, growth, and dry matter production of passion fruit seedlings grown in a substrate with a nutrient solution. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in randomized complete block design with three replications in a 4 × 5 factorial design, consisting of four N concentrations (2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0?mmol L^?1) and five ammonium proportions (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% in relation to the total N supply). At 60?days after transplanting, green color index; accumulation of N, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in roots and shoots; stem diameter; leaf area; root length; nitrogen use efficiency (NUE); and dry matter of roots and shoots were evaluated. For the formation of seedlings of yellow passion fruit, the nutrient solution should have 13?mmol L^?1 of N, with 40% of this nutrient in the form of ammonium. The passion fruit is a plant tolerant to ammonium. However, a critical concentration above 5.7?mmol L^?1 of NH₄⁺ in the nutrient solution decreases absorption of cations, NUE, and production of dry matter.  相似文献   

Introduction of jundia Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard) and Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus) increases the productivity of carp polyculture in southern Brazil   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Leonardo Bolognesi da Silva  Leonardo José Gil Barcellos  Rosmari Mezzalira Quevedo  Silvia Maria Guimarães de Souza  Alexandre de Mello Kessler  Luiz Carlos Kreutz  Filipe Ritter  Jovani Antônio Finco  & Alexandra Calliari Bedin 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(5):542-551

Fish polyculture is based on the assumption that each species has its own feeding niche and may increase the maximum standing crop of a pond by exploring a wider range of available food and ecological niches. In order to identify the better species ratio and to introduce jundia (JN) (Rhamdia quelen Quoy & Gaimard) and Nile tilapia (NT) (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus) in to the carp polyculture practiced in South Brazil, a 162‐day experiment was conducted, in 12 250‐m² earthen ponds (1.2 m deep). Treatment I (T‐I) contained 35% common carp, Cyprinus carpio (L.) (CC); 35% grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella Valenciennes (GC); 15% silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Valenciennes (SC); and 15% bighead carp, Aristichthys nobilis Richardson (BC). Treatment II (T‐II) consisted of three ponds stocked at the following ratio: 17.5% CC, 35% GC, 15% SC, 15% BC and 17.5% JN. Treatment III (T‐III) consisted of three ponds with 35% CC, 35% GC, 7.5% SC, 7.5% BC and 15% NT. Treatment IV (T‐IV) consisted of three ponds with 17.5% CC, 35% GC, 7.5% SC, 7.5% BC%, 17.5% JN and 15% NT. No significant correlation was found between the treatments with different species ratio and water quality parameters. The final weight of different species, in different treatments, was statistically different. The major result was the clear positive effect on growth parameters observed by the introduction of JN and/or NT in to the carp polyculture. The yield per hectare was 2083.33±183 kg ha^?1 for polyculture with carp species; 2476.67±139.88 kg ha^?1 following the introduction of JN only; 2801.67±111.42 kg ha^?1 for isolated introduction of NT; and 2506.67±422.31 kg ha^?1 for simultaneous introduction of JN and NT. The introduction of JN and/or NT had a positive effect on growth parameters when compared with carp‐only polyculture. The reduction in CC ratio also had a positive effect on growth parameters.  相似文献   

Stable carbon isotopic composition of the wine and CO2 bubbles of sparkling wines: detecting C4 sugar additions     

Martinelli LA  Moreira MZ  Ometto JP  Alcarde AR  Rizzon LA  Stange E  Ehleringer JR 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(9):2625-2631

Sparkling wines have become a popular beverage in recent years, and the production of these wines is subject to adulteration during fermentation. This study investigated the stable carbon isotopic composition (expressed as delta(13)C) of the wine and of the CO(2) bubbles produced during the second fermentation for a number of sparkling wines produced in different countries around the world. Carbon isotope ratio analyses were used to estimate the addition of sugar obtained from C(4) plants (sugar cane or corn). The average delta(13)C values of the Brazilian brut, demi-sec, and doux sparkling wines were -20.5 +/- 1.2 per thousand (n = 18), -18.1 +/- 1.3 per thousand (n = 9), and -15.8 per thousand (n = 1), respectively. These values were statistically heavier (more positive carbon isotope ratio values) than the average delta(13)C of sparkling wines produced in other parts of South America (Argentina and Chile, -26.1 +/- 1.6 per thousand, n = 5) and Europe (France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, and Spain, -25.5 +/- 1.2 per thousand, n = 12), but not statistically different from sparkling wines produced in the United States or Australia. The most likely explanation for differences in the carbon isotope ratios of wines from these different regions is the addition of C(4) sugar during the production of some sparkling wines from Australia, Brazil, and the United States. The isotopic composition of the CO(2) bubbles (delta(13)C-CO(2)) followed similar trends. The average delta(13)C-CO(2) of most of the Brazilian and Argentine sparkling wines was -10.8 +/- 1.2 per thousand (n = 23), indicating that the likely source of carbon for the second fermentation was sugar cane. Conversely, the average delta(13)C-CO(2) of most of the sparkling wines produced in Chile and Europe was -22.0 +/- 1.2 per thousand (n = 13), suggesting that a different sugar (most likely sugar beet) was most used in the second fermentation. It was concluded that in many cases, the carbon isotope ratios of sparkling wine and CO(2) bubbles can provide valuable information about the sugar sources.  相似文献   

Soil organic carbon and fractions of a Rhodic Ferralsol under the influence of tillage and crop rotation systems in southern Brazil   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20  

Alessandra A. Freixo  Pedro Luiz O. de A. Machado  Henrique. P. dos Santos  Carlos A. Silva  Francisco de S. Fadigas 《Soil & Tillage Research》2002,64(3-4):221-230

Soil organic matter (SOM) and its different pools have key importance in optimizing crop production, minimizing negative environmental impacts, and thus improving soil quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the soil C and N contents in bulk soil and in different SOM pools (light and heavy fractions) of a clayey Rhodic Ferralsol after 13 years of different tillage and crop rotations in Passo Fundo, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Soil samples were collected from no-tillage (no soil disturbance except for sowing; NT) and conventional tillage (disc plough followed by light disc harrowings; CT) applied to wheat/soybean (W/S) and wheat/soybean–vetch/maize (W/S–V/M) rotations. As reference, soil was sampled from a non-cultivated area adjacent to the field experiment. The greatest soil C and N contents were found in non-cultivated soils in the 0–5 cm depth (45 g C kg⁻¹ soil and 3.6 g N kg⁻¹ soil). Crop cultivation led to a decrease in SOM content which was higher for CT soils (approx. 60% decrease in C and N contents) than NT soils (approx. 43% decrease in C and N contents) at 0–5 cm. Tillage had the greatest impact on soil C and N storage. Soils under NT did not contain higher C and N storage than CT soils below 5 cm depth. Significantly, higher amounts of organic carbon of FLF in CT (0.5–0.7 g C kg⁻¹ soil) than in NT soils (0.2 g C kg⁻¹ soil) at 10–20 cm depth were also observed and the differences in C and N storage between CT and NT soils in the 0–30 cm layer were not significant. Silt and clay fractions contained the largest amount of organic carbon (60–95% of total organic carbon), and free light fraction was the most sensitive pool of organic carbon to detect changes in SOM due to soil tillage and crop rotations.  相似文献   

Fish meal replaced by hydrolysed soybean meal in diets increases growth and improves the antioxidant defense system of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen)     

Juliano Uczay  Eduardo Kelm Battisti  Rafael Lazzari  Marcos Luiz Pessatti  Thamara Luisa Staudt Schneider  Luiza Beatriz Hermes  Nilce Coelho Peixoto  Thiago El Hadi Perez Fabregat 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(5):1438-1447

One of the current challenges of global fish farming is developing plant‐based proteins as a feasible substitute for fishmeal in the formulation of aquafeeds. Substitution levels of fishmeal with hydrolyzed soybean meal (HSM) in diets for silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) were evaluated for growth, protein metabolism and antioxidant activity. The experiment was carried out in a recirculation system of 20 tanks of 250 L. A total of 300 silver catfish juveniles were used to compose five treatments and four replicates per treatment. Levels of soybean hydrolysate (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) were tested in diets (39% protein and 3,500 Kcal) for 60 days. Silver catfish growth was higher at all inclusion levels of HSM when compared to the control diet. No change was shown for body protein deposition. The production of nitrogenous compounds in the liver and muscle was also unaffected by any of the diets. The diet containing 20% HSM promoted an increase in the amounts of non‐protein thiols in the gills and brain. The HSM substitution levels of up to 20% of fishmeal in the diet increases growth and contributes to silver catfish antioxidant activity.  相似文献   

Cytogenetic studies of Atlantic mojarras (Perciformes – Gerreidae): chromosomal mapping of 5S and 18S ribosomal genes using double FISH     

Leonardo Luiz Calado  Luiz Antônio Carlos Bertollo  Gideão Wagner Werneck Felix da Costa  Wagner Franco Molina 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(5):829-835

Fish of the family Gerreidae, mainly species of the genera Diapterus and Eugerres, have high potential for cultivation, because of their saline tolerance. A detailed cytogenetic analysis of Diapterus auratus, Diapterus rhombeus and Eugerres brasilianus was conducted using conventional staining, C‐banding, Ag‐NOR, AT/GC‐specific fluorochrome staining and mapping of ribosomal sequences with 5S and 18S rDNA probes. All the species exhibited symmetrical karyotype, 2n = 48 acrocentric chromosomes. Ag‐NORs and 18S rDNA are present in the interstitial position on pair 1 (genus Diapterus) and pair 6 in Eugerres brasilianus. The 5S rDNA sites, located in the interstitial position (pair 11), are conserved in the three species. Heterochromatic regions are similar in the Diapterus species, showing a pattern of reduced and centromeric bands, differing from E. brasilianus, where, in addition to these, more prominent interstitial bands were observed. GC‐rich regions are located at ribosomal sites. Karyotypic comparison between Diapterus and Eugerres reveals similarity in chromosomal macrostructure, differing in C‐positive heterochromatin distribution and position of 18S sites, indicating the occurrence of structural microrearrangements. Although complementary analyses are needed, the similarities observed for these and other species suggest the possibility of breaking postzygotic barriers and their potential use, through induced interspecific or intergeneric hybridizations.  相似文献   

Use of ideal protein concept for precision formulation of amino acid levels in fish-meal-free diets for juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wilson M Furuya  Luiz E Pezzato  Margarida M Barros  A C Pezzato  Valéria R B Furuya  & Edma C Miranda 《Aquaculture Research》2004,35(12):1110-1116

This study was undertaken in a closed system with Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to examine the effects of total replacement of fish meal (FM) by soybean meal. Nile tilapia fingerlings with an average weight of 5.34±0.08 g were hand‐fed one of the five isoenergetic (≈13.5 MJ digestible energy kg^?1) and isoproteic (≈31% of digestible protein) experimental diets to satiation, six times a day during 85 days in eight replicate fibreglass tanks (six fish per tank). The control diet containing FM was substituted by soybean meal, with and without essential amino acids (lysine, methionine and threonine) or dicalcium phosphate supplementation. The supplemental amino acids were added at levels to simulate the reference amino acid profile of Nile tilapia carcass protein, based on the ideal protein concept. The results showed that soybean meal diet supplemented only with dicalcium phosphate was inferior to the control diet with FM and soybean meal diets supplemented with dicalcium phosphate and essential amino acids. Multiple essential amino acids and dicalcium phosphate incorporation in soybean meal diets was associated with performance, whole‐body composition and carcass yield equal to that of the fish fed with the control diet containing FM. These data suggest that a diet with all plant protein source, supplemented with essential amino acids, based on tissue amino acid profile, can totally replace FM in a diet for Nile tilapia, without adverse effects on the growth performance, carcass yield and composition.  相似文献   

The Effects of Stressful Broodstock Handling on Hormonal Profiles and Reproductive Performance of Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard) Females     

Auren Benk Soso  Leonardo José Gil Barcellos  Maria José Ranzani‐Paiva  Luiz Carlos Kreutz  Rosmari Mezzalira Quevedo  Marina Lima  Leonardo Bolognesida Silva  Filipe Ritter  Alexandra Calliari Bedin  Jovani Antônio Finco 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2008,39(6):835-841

Abstract.— A stressful environment induces cortisol that might affect fish breeding and reproduction. In the present work, which aimed to mimic aquacultural conditions of the jundia (Rhamdia quelen) hatcheries in southern South America, females were submitted to normal or stressful handling and the effects of cortisol on serum levels of 17β‐estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) were determined. In addition, the effect of stress on reproductive parameters such as eggs and swim‐up fry production was also measured. Eight females from a group submitted to stressful handling (SH) conditions and eight females from a group with normal handling (NH) conditions were captured for blood sampling at D 0 and at D 1, 10, 20, 30, and 40 of the experiment. A typical cortisol response was observed in the SH females group in that they presented higher cortisol level in contrast to the NH female group, in all days sampled, except at D 0. In the 10th and 20th d, the E2 levels were lower in SH females, but cortisol levels were higher, suggesting an effect of cortisol on E2 production and/or release. Stressful handling appeared to affect both the number and the quality of the gametes because a lower number of oocytes was stripped from SH females, and from SH fertilized eggs, a lower number of viable swim‐up fry was obtained to be transferred to earthen larviculture ponds. Taken together, the results indicated that stressful handling of broodstock impairs R. quelen reproduction.  相似文献   

Diallel analysis for morphoagronomic descriptors in Physalis angulata L. hybrids     

de Souza Farias  Jos&#; Williano  Orella  Jonathan Said Tejeda  dos Santos Batista  Edgar  Cordeiro  Rafael Cruz  Passos  Adriana Rodrigues  Silva  Luiz Cl&#;udio Costa 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2022,69(3):1365-1374

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Physalis angulata L. is an American species with edible fruits that stands out for having high nutritional and pharmaceutical value. The species is found in...  相似文献   

Protected areas and native freshwater bivalves are not in the same place in south-east Brazil     

Igor Christo Miyahira  Maria Cristina Dreher Mansur  Luiz Eduardo Macedo de Lacerda  Isabela Cristina Brito Gonçalves  Glauco Gil Sant'Anna  Sonia Barbosa dos Santos 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2023,33(1):102-114

1. Bivalves are important components of freshwater ecosystems; however, they are also one of the most threatened animal groups, especially members of the order Unionida. The main threats to freshwater bivalves are habitat modification and invasive species. Protected areas are a common way to minimize impacts and preserve native species, but they are rarely designated with a focus on freshwater invertebrates.
2. The main goal of this article was to describe the distribution of freshwater bivalves in the state of Rio de Janeiro, and the relationship between these species and bioclimatic areas, land use and protected areas.
3. Five native and two invasive bivalve species have been reported in Rio de Janeiro. They occur mainly in bioclimatic areas related to the Paraíba do Sul River and Campista Lowlands. The few records of bivalves inside protected areas are in areas of sustainable use that offer a lower level of protection, and frequently in sympatry with invasive bivalves.
4. Thus, the established protected areas in Rio de Janeiro are not adequately effective for freshwater bivalve conservation, and some species remain under threat even within them. Freshwater bivalves thus remain largely unprotected in the state.
5. The development of new protected areas and management plans should consider other faunal groups that are usually ignored, such as freshwater bivalves, to achieve more inclusive and effective protection.

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