Potential Utilization of Green Tide-Forming Macroalgae from Patos Lagoon,Rio Grande-RS,Brazil     

Michele Silveira Coelho  Bruna da Silva Menezes  Silvia Leticia Rivero Meza  Bruno Lainetti Gianasi  Myriam de las Mercedes Salas-Mellado  Margareth Copertino 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(7):1096-1106

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to evaluate the biochemical and nutritional characteristics of naturally occurring estuarine macroalgae in the Patos Lagoon (Rio Grande, Brazil). The study of these macroalgae, dominated by Ulva and Cladophora species, contributes to current research on the potential utilization of green tide-forming algae. Although high levels of carotenoids (378 ± 0.02 µg g^?1) and antioxidant activity (75.0% for DPPH) were found in the naturally occurring macroalgae, these macroalgae cannot be used in the food industry due to the presence of toxic levels of arsenic (exceeding the thresholds of both French and Brazilian legislation for food). Regarding the potential of the studied macroalgae as a biofuel source, the low lipid and very high carbohydrate contents suggest a possible use in the fermentation of ethanol, butanol, or methane.  相似文献   

Analysis of reports of human exposure to Micotil 300 (tilmicosin injection)     

Veenhuizen MF  Wright TJ  McManus RF  Owens JG 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2006,229(11):1737-1742

OBJECTIVE: To identify clinical signs associated with and outcome of human exposure to Micotil 300 (tilmicosin injection). DESIGN: Retrospective case series. STUDY POPULATION: Reports of 3,168 human exposures to Micotil 300. PROCEDURES: Reports of human exposure to Micotil 300 submitted to the Elanco Animal Health Pharmacovigilance Unit between March 1992 and March 2005 were reviewed. RESULTS: At least 1 clinical sign was described in 1,404 (44%) reports, whereas the remaining 1,764 (56%) exposures were presumably asymptomatic. Eighty percent of exposures involved males; mean age was 38 years. Sixty-one percent of exposures were a result of accidental injection, with injection site pain, bleeding, swelling, or inflammation being the most common signs, followed by nausea, tachycardia, dizziness, anxiety, an abnormal taste, headache, lightheadedness, limb pain, paresthesia, chest pain, and soreness. Only 156 (5%) reports involved serious adverse effects (ie, tachycardia, bradycardia, hypertension, hypotension, heart disorder, chest pain, tachypnea, or death). There were reports of 13 deaths following tilmicosin exposure, but only 2 of those deaths were related to accidental exposure. Time to onset of clinical signs was < or = 60 minutes in 63 of the 156 (40%) reports involving serious adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that the overall risk of accidental human exposure to tilmicosin resulting in serious adverse effects is low (approx 2 people for every 1 million doses administered). Nevertheless, safe handling and proper use should be emphasized.  相似文献   

Use of satellite images for geographical localization of livestock holdings in Brazil     

Carvalho LF  de Melo CB  McManus C  Haddad JP 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2012,103(1):74-77

Google Earth^® provides free access to satellite images and has been used in several areas that require cartographic information. The present study assessed the inconsistencies between geo-referencing of livestock premises by GPS and the acquisition of geographic coordinates by remote sensing (RS) images provided by Google Earth^® in the Brazilian states of Bahia, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais and Parana. The overall mean and standard deviation of the distances in the study were 30.98 ± 19.89 m. The mean distance differences between the two techniques were, for these states, 37.20 ± 19.75 m, 28.38 ± 17.38 m, 31.61 ± 15.72 m, 28.43 ± 24.30 m, respectively. Despite the fact that there is variation between the geo-referencing points using GPS and RS, geographical localization of health inspections should be useful as long as the errors between the results of the two methodologies are considered.  相似文献   

Cryptosporidium species detected in calves and cattle in Dagoretti,Nairobi, Kenya     

Kang&#;ethe  Erastus K.  Mulinge  Erastus K.  Skilton  Robert A.  Njahira  Moses  Monda  Joseph G.  Nyongesa  Concepta  Mbae  Cecilia K.  Kamwati  Stanley K. 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(1):25-31

A total of 1,734 cattle faecal samples from 296 dairy-keeping households were collected from urban settings in Nairobi, Kenya. Modified Ziehl–Neelsen staining method and an immunofluorescence assay were used to identify those samples with Cryptosporidium oocyst infection. Oocysts from positive faecal samples were isolated by Sheather's sucrose flotation method and picked from the concentrate using cover slips. Genomic DNA was extracted from 124 of the faecal samples that were positive for Cryptosporidium and was used as template for nested PCR of the 18S rRNA gene. Twenty-five samples (20 %) were PCR-positive for Cryptosporidium, and 24 of the PCR products were successfully cloned and sequenced. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis identified 17 samples (68 %) as Cryptosporidium parvum-like, four samples (16 %) as Cryptosporidium ryanae, three samples (12 %) as Cryptosporidium andersoni and one sample (4 %) as Cryptosporidium hominis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first genotyping study to report C. parvum-like, C. andersoni and C. hominis in cattle from Kenya. The results of this study show Cryptosporidium infections in calves and cattle may be potential zoonotic reservoirs of the parasite that infects humans.  相似文献   

Development and delivery of evidence-based messages to reduce the risk of zoonoses in Nairobi,Kenya     

Kang&#;ethe  Erastus  Kimani  Violet  Grace  Delia  Mitoko  Grace  McDermott  Brigid  Ambia  Julie  Nyongesa  Concepta  Mbugua  Gabriel  Ogara  William  Obutu  Peninnah 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(1):41-46

This paper describes a trans-disciplinary process of co-generating and disseminating evidence-based messages for reducing the risk from cryptosporidiosis and other zoonoses in an urban community in Nairobi. Research findings about disease prevalence, risk factors and observed risky and risk-mitigating practices were analysed by a team comprising researchers, community members and local policy- and decision-makers. Using participatory planning, multiple strategies were developed for disseminating key information. We identified five vulnerable groups at higher risk of exposure to cryptosporidiosis and other cattle zoonoses with similar transmission pathways (women, children, elderly people, immunosuppressed people and male farm workers). For each group, targeted messages were developed. Good practices already in use, as were also practices as practices to improve environmental conditions. These messages were disseminated through printed material, in a workshop, through community campaigners and also an edutainment soap opera episode broadcast on Kenyan television. In conclusion, a participatory and trans-disciplinary process can help transform the findings of research into messages that are targeted, attractive and understandable.  相似文献   

Regioselective acylation of 3-O-angeloylingenol by Candida antarctica Lipase B     

R.W. Teng  D. McManus  J. Aylward  S. Ogbourne  J. Johns  P. Parsons  A. Bacic 《Fitoterapia》2009

Acylation of 3-O-angeloylingenol (1) with vinyl acetate, vinyl decanoate and vinyl cinnamate, catalyzed by Candida antarctica Lipase B, was investigated. In each case, compound 1 was quantitatively and regioselectively acylated to afford a single product, 3-O-angeloyl-20-O-acetylingenol (1a), 3-O-angeloyl-20-O-decanoylingenol (1b) and 3-O-angeloyl-20-O-cinnamoylingenol (1c), respectively. The structures of the novel compounds 1b–1c were determined by MS and NMR, and product 1a by comparison of RP-HPLC and TLC with a standard. Compounds 1b–1c induced a bipolar morphology of MM96L melanoma cells at a similar concentration as compound 1, as well as having activity in inhibiting the growth of MM96L melanoma cells.  相似文献   

Spatialization of Brazilian pig production: relationship between productive,physical, environmental,and socio-economic variables     

Isabel C. M. da Silva  Bárbara Bremm  Jennifer L. Teixeira  Nathalia S. Costa  Júlio O.J. Barcellos  José Braccini  Robson J. Cesconeto  Concepta McManus 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(5):951-958

Brazilian pig production spans over a large territory encompassing regions of different climatic and socio-economic realities. Production, physical, socio-economic, and environmental data were used to characterize pig production in the country. Multivariate analysis evaluated indices including number productivity, production levels, and income from pigs, together with the average area of pig farm and socio-economic variables such as municipal human development index, technical guidance received from agricultural cooperatives and industrial companies, number of family farms, and offtake; and finally, environmental variables: latitude, longitude, annual temperature range, solar radiation index, as well as temperature and humidity index. The Southern region has the largest herd, number of pigs sold/sow, and offtake rate (p < 0.05), followed by the Midwest and Southeast. No significant correlations were seen between production rates and productivity with the socio-economic and environmental variables in the regions of Brazil. Production indexes, productivity, and offtake rate discriminated Northeast and Midwest and Northeast and Southeast regions. The Northern region, with a large area, has few and far-between farms that rear pigs for subsistence. The Northeast region has large herds, but low productivity. Number of slaughtered pigs has been variable over the past three decades, with few states responsible for maintaining high production in Brazil. However, the activity can be effective in any region of the country with technology and technical assistance adapted to regional characteristics.  相似文献   

Performance,metabolic variables and enteric methane production of Santa Inês hair lambs fed Orbignya phalerata and Combretum leprosum          下载免费PDF全文

A. L. Abdalla Filho  D. Dineshkumar  M. Barreal  C. McManus  V. R. Vasconcelos  A. L. Abdalla  H. Louvandini 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2017,101(3):457-465

In this study, the possibility of using Babassu (Orbignya phalerata) and Mofumbo (Combretum leprosum) leaves for lambs feed was verified. Performance, biochemical and haematological parameters, microbial protein synthesis, nutrient apparent digestibility and enteric production of methane (CH₄) were evaluated. The experimental treatments included diets with forage‐to‐concentrate ratios of 50:50, with the leaves of the experimental plants replacing 33% of the Cynodon dactylon (Tifton‐85) hay with three treatments: control (no hay replacement) and substitution with Babassu or Mofumbo. For the performance study, 24 Santa Inês lambs were used, in a randomized experimental design with eight repetitions (5 male and 3 female) for each treatment and 48 days of experimental trial. After this period, for nine days, six animals from each treatment were allocated in metabolic cages to determine the apparent nutrient digestibility, microbial protein synthesis and nitrogen balance. Simultaneously, enteric CH₄ was measured in vivo. The control group showed higher (p < 0.05) apparent digestibility of acid detergent fibre. Enteric CH₄ production of lambs fed Mofumbo leaves did not differ from that of the control group, but was lower (p < 0.05) than in those fed with Babassu. The inclusion of Babassu and Mofumbo leaves showed no negative effects on animal health and did not compromise performance. Mofumbo also presented CH₄ mitigating potential, indicating that those plants can be used as ingredients in the composition of lamb diets with the advantage of reducing methane production.  相似文献   

Use of heat tolerance traits in discriminating between groups of sheep in central Brazil   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Castanheira  Marlos  Paiva  Samuel Rezende  Louvandini  Helder  Landim  Aline  Fiorvanti  Maria Clorinda Soares  Dallago  Bruno Stefano  Correa  Patricia Spoto  McManus  Concepta 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(8):1821-1828

The animal and its environment make up an integrated system, where each acts on the other. Tropical regions are characterized by high levels of solar radiation and environmental temperature which may adversely affect animal production. This study carries out a multivariate analysis of physical and physiological traits in sheep in the Federal District of Brazil to test the ability to separate groups of animals and determine which traits are most important in the adaptation of animal to heat stress. The variables studied included coat thickness, number and length of hairs, pigmentation of the skin and coat, number of sweat glands as well as heart and respiratory rates, rectal and skin temperatures, sweating rate, and blood parameters. Five groups of ten animals were used depending on breed (Bergamasca, crossbred, or Santa Inês) or coat color (Santa Inês—brown, white, and black). The data underwent multivariate statistical analyses including cluster, discriminate, and canonical, using Statistical Analysis System—SAS®. The tree diagram showed clear distances between groups studied and canonical analysis was able to separate individuals in groups, especially Bergamasca and white Santa Inês. The canonical correlation redundancy analysis showed that coat reflectance as well as hair length and number of hairs per unit area were the most useful in explaining changes in physiological traits. Skin and coat traits such as hair length, coat reflectance, percentage of epithelial area occupied by sweat glands, skin reflectance and thickness, as well as heart and breathing rates were the most important in separating these groups.

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Dynamic changes in American lobster suitable habitat distribution on the Northeast U.S. Shelf linked to oceanographic conditions     

Mackenzie D. Mazur  Kevin D. Friedland  M. Conor McManus  Andrew G. Goode 《Fisheries Oceanography》2020,29(4):349-365

American lobster (Homarus americanus) supports one of the most valuable regional fisheries in the United States, with its abundance and distribution profoundly influenced by environmental conditions. To explain how lobster distribution has changed over time and assess the role of environmental variables on these changes, we used random forest classification and regression tree models to estimate occupancy and biomass in two seasonal periods. The occupancy models were fit to static and dynamic variables, which yielded model fits with AUC scores of 0.80 and 0.78 for spring and fall, respectively. Biomass models were fit with the same data and resulted in models explaining 61% and 63% of the spring and fall biomass variance, respectively. Significant variables scored in the formation of the regression trees were secondary productivity (i.e., zooplankton), bathymetry characteristics, and temperature. American lobster suitable habitat has changed regionally; habitat has increased in the Gulf of Maine and declined in Southern New England. There is also evidence of declining habitat along the inshore margin of the Gulf of Maine, which has been accompanied by a shift in occupancy probability offshore. Habitat suitability results from the random forest models provide insights on the structure and function of lobster habitat and context to understand recent population trends.  相似文献