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Claire Laugier Jackie TapprestNathalie Foucher BSc Corinne Sevin BSc 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2009
The frequencies of neurologic diseases and various corresponding causes were analyzed in 4,319 Norman horses examined by autopsy between 1986 and 2006. Five hundred forty-three cases of nervous system disorders were detected, or a total prevalence of 12.6%. One hundred eighty-seven of the 543 horses (34.4%) exhibited lesions of a traumatic origin affecting the skull or the vertebral column at different levels. Their frequency was less in foals younger than 1 month of age and higher in horses aged 6 months to 2 years. Eighty-three cases of cervical vertebral compressive myelopathy (CVCM) (15.3%) were identified. Males and geldings were more often affected than females. CVCM was diagnosed mostly in animals aged 6 months to 2 years. Horses affected with lesions in the mid-cervical region (region C3–C5) were significantly younger than those exhibiting more caudal lesions (region C5–C7). Neonatal maladjustment syndrome was diagnosed in 62 foals younger than 3.5 days (4.8% of the causes of death between birth and 1 month) by using clinical or lesional criteria. The prevalence was higher in Thoroughbreds as well as in the miscellaneous breed category and less in French Standardbreds. Bacterial meningoencephalomyelitis and meningitis represented 9.6% of nervous system disorders (52 cases) and most often affected foals aged 1 to 6 months. The main bacteria identified were beta-hemolytic Streptococci , Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Actinobacillus sp. The other causes diagnosed were, in decreasing order of frequency: grass sickness or equine dysautonomia (6.3% of neurologic diseases), hepatic encephalopathy syndrome (5.2%), septic vertebral arthritis or osteitis mainly caused by Rhodococcus equi (2.6%), congenital defects of the nervous system (2.4%), equine herpesvirus 1 myeloencephalopathy (2.2%), botulism (2.2%), malformations of the vertebral column other than CVCM (2%), and neighboring polyneuritis associated with guttural pouch mycosis (1.5%). 相似文献
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Recreational Multifunctionality refers to those farms providing at least one recreational service to members of the farm household
or the public. Based on the types of recreational services offered, two types of landowners have been identified: Productivists and Ruralists. They differ on their extent of Recreational Multifunctionality, farm household attributes and farm representation. Both
types of landowners also have different behavior and understanding of agroforestry. This study builds on the Recreational
Multifunctionality construct to identify message content, channels and agencies that can better facilitate the diffusion of
agroforestry. In 2006, 353 randomly selected landowners from Missouri were interviewed and clustered in two groups: Productivists (38.0%) and Ruralists (62.0%). These groups were examined to identify differences regarding their perceptions of being a good farmer (i.e., message
content); their preferred source of information (i.e., communication channel); and their preferred agencies for learning purposes
(i.e., communication agencies). Study results show differences between Productivists and Ruralists in all three aspects of diffusion examined (i.e., message content, channels and agencies), suggesting that all landowners
should not be approached in the same way when promoting agroforestry. Messages conveyed to Productivists should emphasize the economic benefits of agroforestry, while messages to Ruralists should emphasize the conservation benefits of agroforestry. Touring farms with active tree management is a good way to disseminate
agroforestry practices among Productivists while state and federal extension agents appear to be more suitable to approach Ruralists. Both groups can effectively be reached using printed materials, especially through official conservation magazines. 相似文献
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Jaillardon L Fournel-Fleury C 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2011,40(3):351-355
Abstract: An 11‐year‐old female spayed Whippet dog was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the National Veterinary School of Lyon with a 3‐month history of chronic bleeding, cutaneous masses suggestive of hematomas, and hemorrhagic diarrhea. Laboratory abnormalities included leukopenia with neutropenia and lymphopenia, rouleaux formation, marked hyperproteinemia with hyperglobulinemia and normoalbuminemia, hypercalcemia, markedly increased serum urea concentration, mildly increased creatinine concentration, and proteinuria. Hemostatic screening tests showed marked prolongation of thrombin time, increased concentrations of fibrin(ogen) degradation products and D‐dimers, and slightly prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time. Serum and urine protein electrophoresis revealed a monoclonal peak identified as IgM by immunoelectrophoresis and an M‐spike, respectively. Cytologic evaluation of bone marrow revealed a hypocellular sample with lymphoplasmacytic cells comprising approximately 50% of all nucleated cells. These findings were consistent with a diagnosis of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia with secondary bleeding diathesis. Treatment with prednisone and chlorambucil was initiated, and the dog had a good response. 相似文献
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Popescu F Wyder M Gurtner C Frey J Cooke RA Greenhill AR Posthaus H 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,153(1-2):173-177
Clostridium perfringens type C causes fatal necrotizing enteritis in different mammalian hosts, most commonly in newborn piglets. Human cases are rare, but the disease, also called pigbel, was endemic in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea. Lesions in piglets and humans are very similar and characterized by segmental necro-hemorrhagic enteritis in acute cases and fibrino-necrotizing enteritis in subacute cases. Histologically, deep mucosal necrosis accompanied by vascular thrombosis and necrosis was consistently reported in naturally affected pigs and humans. This suggests common pathogenetic mechanisms. Previous in vitro studies using primary porcine aortic endothelial cells suggested that beta-toxin (CPB) induced endothelial damage contributes to the pathogenesis of C. perfringens type C enteritis in pigs. In the present study we investigated toxic effects of CPB on cultured primary human macro- and microvascular endothelial cells. In vitro, these cells were highly sensitive to CPB and reacted with similar cytopathic and cytotoxic effects as porcine endothelial cells. Our results indicate that porcine and human cell culture based in vitro models represent valuable tools to investigate the pathogenesis of this bacterial disease in animals and humans. 相似文献
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Pierre-Louis Lucas Rodolphe Dumontier Corinne Loutelier-Bourhis Alain Mareck Carlos Afonso Patrice Lerouge Narimane Mati-Baouche Muriel Bardor 《Plant methods》2018,14(1):107
Background
Protein N-glycosylation is initiated within the endoplasmic reticulum through the synthesis of a lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLO) precursor. This precursor is then transferred en bloc on neo-synthesized proteins through the action of the oligosaccharyltransferase giving birth to glycoproteins. The N-linked glycans bore by the glycoproteins are then processed into oligomannosides prior to the exit of the glycoproteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and its entrance into the Golgi apparatus. In this compartment, the N-linked glycans are further maturated in complex type N-glycans. This process has been well studied in a lot of eukaryotes including higher plants. In contrast, little information regarding the LLO precursor and synthesis of N-linked glycans is available in microalgae.Methods
In this report, a user-friendly extraction method combining microsomal enrichment and solvent extractions followed by purification steps is described. This strategy is aiming to extract LLO precursor from microalgae. Then, the oligosaccharide moiety released from the extracted LLO were analyzed by multistage tandem mass spectrometry in two models of microalgae namely the green microalgae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum.Results
The validity of the developed method was confirmed by the analysis of the oligosaccharide structures released from the LLO of two xylosyltransferase mutants of C. reinhardtii confirming that this green microalga synthesizes a linear Glc3Man5GlcNAc2 identical to the one of the wild-type cells. In contrast, the analysis of the oligosaccharide released from the LLO of the diatom P. tricornutum demonstrated for the first time a Glc2Man9GlcNAc2 structure.Conclusion
The method described in this article allows the fast, non-radioactive and reliable multistage tandem mass spectrometry characterization of oligosaccharides released from LLO of microalgae including the ones belonging to the Phaeodactylaceae and Chlorophyceae classes, respectively. The method is fully adaptable for extracting and characterizing the LLO oligosaccharide moiety from microalgae belonging to other phyla.29.
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Dissemination of Ceratocystis fimbriata f. platani inoculum by river water . C. fimbriata was detected up to 108 m downstream from pieces of diseased plane tree placed in a fixed site in a river in Southern France. Assessment of C. fimbriata was realized by a trapping method with healthy wood. 相似文献