Mineral nutrition of Gypsophila in vitro root culture     

Philippe Morard  Corinne Fulcheri  Max Henry 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(4-5):717-730

Mineral nutrition of panicled gypsophila roots (Gypsophila paniculata L.) (Caryophyllaceae) cultivated in vitro in two media with different mineral composition, a classical Gamborg's B5 medium and a modified MH3 medium, was studied over a growth cycle of 28 days, by continuous measurement of mineral element consumption, without opening the culture flasks. The comparison between the total mineral element quantities consumed from media and those absorbed by roots at harvesting showed a good correspondence, proving the validity of the technique used and the absence of insolubilized mineral forms in the in vitro culture media. The mineral element composition of the MH3 medium was found to be better suited to Gypsophila paniculata root culture since all mineral nutrient elements are supplied in adequate quantities which are non‐limiting and non‐excessive. Culture on B5 medium showed that phosphorus (P) and copper (Cu) are probably the factors limiting growth and revealed an ammonium (NH₄ ⁺)/potassium (K⁺) ion antagonism. The in vitro roots, although uncoupled from the aerial part, behave like the roots of whole plants in several ways: the evolution of the medium pH corresponds to the form of the mineral nitrogen (N) consumed by the roots; sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) are barely consumed and may be considered as non‐essential elements. Lastly, this in vitro root culturemodel makes itpossible to explain that the absorption of Na and Cl by the roots of whole plants is probably dependent on the transpiratory flow of the aerial part.  相似文献   

Variation in aggressiveness is detected among Puccinia triticina isolates of the same pathotype and clonal lineage in the adult plant stage     

Bénédicte Pariaud  Henriette Goyeau  Fabien Halkett  Corinne Robert  Christian Lannou 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,134(4):733-743

Puccinia triticina reproduces asexually in France and thus individual genotype is the unit of selection. A strong link has been observed between genotype identities (as assessed by microsatellite markers) and pathotypes (pools of individuals with the same combination of qualitative virulence factors). Here, we tested whether differences in quantitative traits of aggressiveness could be detected within those clonal lineages by comparing isolates of identical pathotype and microsatellite profile. Pairs of isolates belonging to different pathotypes were compared for their latent period, lesion size and spore production capacity on adult plants under greenhouse conditions, with a high number of replicates. Isolates of the same pathotype showed remarkably similar values for the measured traits, except in three situations: differences were obtained within two pathotypes for latent period and within one pathotype for sporulation capacity. One of these differences was tested again and confirmed. This indicates that the average aggressiveness level of a leaf rust pathotype may increase without any change in its virulence factors or microsatellite profile.  相似文献   

Epidemiological study on Mycoplasma synoviae infection in layers     

Dufour-Gesbert F  Dheilly A  Marois C  Kempf I 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,114(1-2):148-154

Mycoplasma synoviae infection occurs worldwide in commercial poultry flocks and may result in severe economic losses. The prevalence of this mycoplasma in standard layers older than 60 weeks was studied in a French department and the characteristics of infected or free flocks were compared. The genomic profiles of isolates from 36 infected flocks were studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA methods in order to investigate possible routes of transmission. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics were determined. Results showed that infection was more frequent in multi-age farms. Egg production and mortality of infected flocks were respectively lower and higher than in non-infected flocks but the differences were not statistically significant. The genomic profiles of isolates were quite homogeneous, a feature which does not facilitate the understanding of routes of transmission. All isolates were susceptible to tetracyclines, macrolides (except erythromycin), spectinomycin and fluoroquinolones.  相似文献   

Diagnosis of viral agents associated with neonatal calf diarrhea.   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

G Marsolais  R Assaf  C Montpetit    P Marois 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1978,42(2):168-171

During this study, 134 samples have been examined for the detection of the viruses associated with neonatal calf diarrhea. The presence of Nebraska viruses (rotavirus and coronavirus) has been demonstrated by using the electron microscope and the fluorescent antibody techniques while the presence of other viruses has been detected by the observation of a cytopathic effect on monolayer cells of calf testis. The Nebraska viruses have been demonstrated in 107 (80%) out of 134 field case specimens. An association of rotaviruses and coronaviruses was found in 58 cases (54%) whilst the coronaviruses and the rotavirus were found singly in 34 cases (53%) and in 15 cases (14%) respectively. Four bovine virus diarrhea viruses, two infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viruses and two enteroviruses have also been isolated in the preceding 107 Nebraska positive specimens. For the detection of the Nebraska viruses, the fluorescent antibody techniques were more sensitive than the electron microscopy. However, those two techniques must be used simultaneously for a better detection of a greatest possible number of cases.  相似文献   

EVALUATION OF ORAL IRON GALACTAN AS A METHOD OF IRON SUPPLEMENTATION FOR INTENSIVELY HOUSED SUCKING PIGLETS     

W. R. Webster  Corinne K.  Dimmock†  P. K. O'Rourke  † P. J. Lynch  § 《Australian veterinary journal》1978,54(7):345-348

SUMMARY Iron supplementation of piglets with oral galactan given as a single dose within 24 hours of birth was evaluated in a series of on farm trials. The growth rate of piglets receiving this treatment was faster than that of piglets receiving single injections of iron dextran or iron galactan at 3 days of age, or ferrous sulphate crystals orally at weekly intervals. Mean values for red cell parameters of oral iron galactan supplemented piglets at 2 to 4 weeks of age were lower than those of injected piglets but there was no clinical evidence of anaemia in any of the piglets.  相似文献   

Association of bovine viral diarrhea virus with multiple viral infections in bovine respiratory disease outbreaks   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

Richer L  Marois P  Lamontagne L 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1988,29(9):713-717

We investigated eleven outbreaks of naturally occurring bovine respiratory diseases in calves and adult animals in the St-Hyacinthe area of Quebec. Specific antibodies to bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine viral diarrhea virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza type 3 virus, reovirus type 3, and serotypes 1 to 7 of bovine adenovirus were found in paired sera from diseased animals. Several bovine viruses with respiratory tropism were involved concomitantly in herds during an outbreak of bovine respiratory disease. In addition, concomitant fourfold rises of antibody titers were frequently observed to two or more viral agents in seroconverted calves (61%) or adult animals (38%). Bovine viral diarrhea virus was found to be the most frequent viral agent associated with multiple viral infection in calves only (92%).  相似文献   

Saccharin-induced systemic acquired resistance against rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) infection in soybean: Effects on growth and development     

Pratibha Srivastava  Sheeja GeorgeJames J. Marois  David L. WrightDavid R. Walker 《Crop Protection》2011,30(6):726-732

We examined the effect of saccharin on the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) response of soybean to the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the causal agent of soybean rust. Plants were grown hydroponically in half-strength Hoagland’s solution and were challenged with the pathogen 1, 5, 10 and 15 d after treatment with 3 mM saccharin applied either as a foliar spray or a root drench at the 2nd trifoliate (V3) and early reproductive (R1) stages. Plants were destructively harvested and assessed for visible rust symptoms 2 wk after inoculation. Mode of saccharin application was a significant factor influencing the severity of rust infection. Saccharin applied as a root drench was more effective than the foliar spray treatment at inducing SAR, with increased resistance observed 1 d after application. Systemic protection against rust infection was still apparent 15 d after application of saccharin as a root drench. In contrast, foliar treatment with saccharin did not increase systemic protection until 15 d after treatment. When systemic protection was induced by the application of saccharin in either manner, there was no significant reduction of plant growth, except when plants were inoculated 15 d after the saccharin application as a root drench at the R1 stage of development.  相似文献   

Non-operator landowner interest in agroforestry practices in two Missouri watersheds     

J. Gordon ArbuckleJr.  Corinne Valdivia  Andrew Raedeke  John Green  J. Sanford Rikoon 《Agroforestry Systems》2009,75(1):73-82

Land tenure has long been considered a critical factor in determining the adoption and long-term maintenance of agroforestry practices. Empirical evidence from non-US settings has consistently shown that secure land tenure is positively associated with agroforestry adoption. In the US, over 40% of private agricultural land is farmed by someone other than the owner. Given the importance of land tenure in agroforestry decisions in other countries and the magnitude of non-operator landownership in the US, there has been surprisingly little focus on land tenure in the temperate agroforestry literature. Using data from a 1999 survey in Missouri, this study explores factors associated with non-operator landowner interest in agroforestry. Results suggest that differences in farming orientation are linked to interest in agroforestry. Closer ties to farming, stronger financial motivations for landownership, and higher proportion of land planted to row crops were negatively related to interest in agroforestry among non-operator landowners. Environmental or recreational motivations for landownership and contacts with natural resource professionals were positively associated with interest in agroforestry. These results, consistent with earlier qualitative research suggesting that farm operators who have a strong “conventional farming identity” were less interested in agroforestry, point to a divide between landowners for whom environmental and recreational values play an important role in ownership motivation and those for whom financial considerations take precedence. The findings imply that agroforestry development programs in the US should take non-operator landowners and their farming and ownership orientations into account when designing research and outreach efforts.

J. Gordon Arbuckle Jr.Email:

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Effect of catalytic conditions on the synthesis of new aconitate esters   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

William Piang-Siong  Pascale de Caro  Corinne Lacaze-DufaureAlain Shum Cheong Sing  William Hoareau 《Industrial Crops and Products》2012,35(1):203-210

Sugar cane is a crop which generates large amounts of biomass and a juice rich in high-value natural molecules. After extracting sugar from the juice, the recovering of various compounds such as organic acids contained in molasses could contribute to increase the competivity of the sugar industry. Therefore, according to the biorefinery approach, we propose to study the chemical conversion of one of these acids, the aconitic acid, by esterification reactions. A new series of aconitate esters have been synthesized by combining aconitic acid and alcohols from natural origin. The effects of experimental conditions have been investigated and have shown that the type of catalysis has a significant effect on the selectivity. Kinectics have thus been performed to determine the best conditions to synthetize enriched compositions in esters. Homogeneous catalysis generates the highest yield in triester. Heterogeneous catalysis (macroporous resins) is prefered for the production of monoesters while catalysis assisted by ionic liquid is adapted to prepare mainly diesters. Green indicators have been discussed according to the calculations performed. The resulting polyfunctional esters are totally biosourced molecules and have a great potential as bioproducts for different applications.  相似文献   

Colostral antibody induced interference of inactivated bluetongue serotype-8 vaccines in calves     

Vitour D  Guillotin J  Sailleau C  Viarouge C  Desprat A  Wolff F  Belbis G  Durand B  Bakkali-Kassimi L  Breard E  Zientara S  Zanella G 《Veterinary research》2011,42(1):18

Since its introduction into northern Europe in 2006, bluetongue has become a major threat to animal health. While the efficacy of commercial vaccines has been clearly demonstrated in livestock, little is known regarding the effect of maternal immunity on vaccinal efficacy. Here, we have investigated the duration and amplitude of colostral antibody-induced immunity in calves born to dams vaccinated against bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8) and the extent of colostral antibody-induced interference of vaccination in these calves. Twenty-two calf-cow pairs were included in this survey. The median age at which calves became seronegative for BTV was 84 and 112 days as assayed by seroneutralisation test (SNT) and VP7 BTV competitive ELISA (cELISA), respectively. At the mean age of 118 days, 13/22 calves were immunized with inactivated BTV-8 vaccine. In most calves vaccination elicited a weak immune response, with seroconversion in only 3/13 calves. The amplitude of the humoral response to vaccination was inversely proportional to the maternal antibody level prior to vaccination. Thus, the lack of response was attributed to the persistence of virus-specific colostral antibodies that interfered with the induction of the immune response. These data suggest that the recommended age for vaccination of calves born to vaccinated dams needs to be adjusted in order to optimize vaccinal efficacy.  相似文献