Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships and dose response to meloxicam in horses with induced arthritis in the right carpal joint     

Toutain PL  Cester CC 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(11):1533-1541

OBJECTIVE: To determine pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) relationships and dose effects for meloxicam in horses and to propose a suitable dosage for use in clinical studies. ANIMALS: 6 adult horses. PROCEDURE: The study was conducted by use of a randomized, Latin-square design. Arthritis was induced in the right carpal joint of each horse by administration of Freund's complete adjuvant. Various dosages of meloxicam (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg, IV) were then administered. Validated endpoints including stride length and overall clinical lameness score (scale of 0 to 20) were used to assess the effect of meloxicam. The dose-effect relationship was quantified by use of a maximum possible effect (Emax) model. RESULTS: For stride length (expressed as a relative percentage increase from control values), the median effective dose (ED50) was 0.120 mg/kg for an Emax of 11.15%. For clinical lameness score (expressed as an absolute increase from the control value), the ED50 was 0.265 mg/kg for an Emax of 9.16 units. The PK-PD analysis allowed calculation of a median effective concentration of 130 ng/mL for stride length and 195 ng/mL for lameness score. Use of the Emax model predicted a maximal possible increase in effect of 19.5% for stride length and 13.91 units for lameness score. For stride length and lameness score, the Hill coefficient (slope) was extremely high, which suggested a steep dose-effect relationship. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results of this study suggest that meloxicam is a potent anti-inflammatory drug in horses. A dosage of 0.6 mg/kg/d would be appropriate for use in a clinical study.  相似文献   

Wheat Leaf Rust Uredospore Production on Adult Plants: Influence of Leaf Nitrogen Content and Septoria tritici Blotch     

Robert C  Bancal MO  Lannou C 《Phytopathology》2004,94(7):712-721

ABSTRACT Leaf rust uredospore production and lesion size were measured on flag leaves of adult wheat plants in a glasshouse for different lesion densities. We estimated the spore weight produced per square centimeter of infected leaf, per lesion, and per unit of sporulating area. Three levels of fertilization were applied to the plants to obtain different nitrogen content for the inoculated leaves. In a fourth treatment, we evaluated the effect of Septoria tritici blotch on leaf rust uredospore production. The nitrogen and carbon content of the spores was unaffected or marginally affected by lesion density, host leaf nitrogen content, or the presence of Mycosphaerella graminicola on the same leaf. In leaves with a low-nitrogen content, spore production per lesion was reduced, but lesion size was unaffected. A threshold effect of leaf nitrogen content in spore production was however, evident, since production was similar in the medium- and high-fertilizer treatments. In leaves inoculated with M. graminicola and Puccinia triticina, the rust lesions were smaller and produced fewer spores. The relationships among rust lesion density, lesion size, and uredospore production were fitted to a model. We determined that the density effect on spore production resulted mainly from a reduction in lesion size, the spore production per unit of sporulating surface being largely independent of lesion density. These results are consistent with those obtained previously on wheat seedlings. The main difference was that the sporulation period lasted longer in adult leaves.  相似文献   

Description of a novel ultrasound-guided percutaneous dilatational esophagostomy tube placement in dog cadavers     

Pen-Ting Liao DVM  MVM  DVSc  DACVAA  DACVECC  Corinne M. Lawson DVM  MS  DACVECC  Eric Zellner DVM  DACVS-SA 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2023,33(2):263-266

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Gender and resource management: Households and groups, strategies and transitions     

Corinne Valdivia  Jere Gilles 《Agriculture and Human Values》2001,18(1):5-9

Rural families must constantly negotiate their livelihoods by obtaining access to natural resources, labor, capital, knowledge, and markets. Successful negotiation leads to enhanced family well-being and sustainable use of natural resources. Unsuccessful negotiation threatens family survival, threatens sustainable use of natural resources, and reduces bio-diversity. These negotiation processes are mediated by gender relations. The ideas of negotiation and of survival strategies outlined here provide a framework within which the articles of this issue can be situated. The articles are the result of research on gender and natural resource management conducted in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and North America. Each experience illustrates the consequences for natural resources and family well being when they have voice and when they do not have voice in household decisions. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

From the editor     

Corinne Valdivia 《Agriculture and Human Values》2001,18(1):1-3

Editorial Board

From the editor  相似文献   

Determination of Heavy Metal (Cr,Co, and Ni) Accumulation in Selected Vegetables Depending on Traffic Density     

Kravkaz Kuşçu  İnci Sevinç  Kılıç Bayraktar  Mukaddes  Tunçer  Barış 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2022,233(6):1-12

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - Alkaline pretreatment (APT) is the promising disintegration pretreatment for the anaerobic digestion (AD) of sewage sludge (SS) to improve digestion efficiency...  相似文献   

Growth characteristics of potato plants useful in studies of population dynamics and biological control of aphids     

W. A. Shands  G. W. Simpson  Corinne C. Gordon 《American Journal of Potato Research》1971,48(12):439-449

During three growing seasons, certain information was recorded weekly that was related to several characteristics of the aerial growth of five varieties of field-growing potatoes, viz. the number of stems and leaves per plant, the length of stems, and leaf area. Conversions of aphid numbers recorded from stratified subsamples of plants in the field to the number of aphids per plant or per unit of leaf area became possible by knowing the number of leaves and the leaf area per plant at the time of each aphid count. The numbers and areas of leaves per plant varied greatly among varieties as well as within and among years. The range in average maximum area of leaves per plant was 533 to 2,523 in.² for the years 1967 to 1969. The comparable range for number of leaves per plant for the years 1967 and 1969 was 53 to 145. Consideration was given to the probable influence upon the magnitude of errors of estimate of aphid abundance that might result in making conversions of field counts of aphids to the numbers of aphids per plant or per unit of leaf area.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae isolates of abattoir pigs     

Audrey Charlebois  Corinne Marois-Créhan  Pierre Hélie  Carl A. Gagnon  Marcelo Gottschalk  Marie Archambault 《Veterinary microbiology》2014,168(2-4):348-356

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, the causative agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia, is present in swine herds worldwide. However, there is little information on strains infecting herds in Canada. A total of 160 swine lungs with lesions suggestive of enzootic pneumonia originating from 48 different farms were recovered from two slaughterhouses and submitted for gross pathology. The pneumonic lesion scores ranged from 2% to 84%.Eighty nine percent of the lungs (143/160) were positive for M. hyopneumoniae by real-time PCR whereas 10% (16/160) and 8.8% (14/160) were positive by PCR for M. hyorhinis and M. flocculare, respectively. By culture, only 6% of the samples were positive for M. hyopneumoniae (10/160). Among the selected M. hyopneumoniae-positive lungs (n = 25), 9 lungs were co-infected with M. hyorhinis, 9 lungs with PCV2, 2 lungs with PRRSV, 12 lungs with S. suis and 10 lungs with P. multocida. MLVA and PCR-RFLP clustering of M. hyopneumoniae revealed that analyzed strains were distributed among three and five clusters respectively, regardless of severity of lesions, indicating that no cluster is associated with virulence. However, strains missing a specific MLVA locus showed significantly less severe lesions and lower numbers of bacteria. MLVA and PCR-RFLP analyses also showed a high diversity among field isolates of M. hyopneumoniae with a greater homogeneity within the same herd. Almost half of the field isolates presented less than 55% homology with selected vaccine and reference strains.  相似文献   

Obesity and metabolic syndrome in circadian Clock mutant mice   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Turek FW  Joshu C  Kohsaka A  Lin E  Ivanova G  McDearmon E  Laposky A  Losee-Olson S  Easton A  Jensen DR  Eckel RH  Takahashi JS  Bass J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5724):1043-1045

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Role of marine biology in glacial-interglacial CO2 cycles   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kohfeld KE  Le Quéré C  Harrison SP  Anderson RF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5718):74-78

It has been hypothesized that changes in the marine biological pump caused a major portion of the glacial reduction of atmospheric carbon dioxide by 80 to 100 parts per million through increased iron fertilization of marine plankton, increased ocean nutrient content or utilization, or shifts in dominant plankton types. We analyze sedimentary records of marine productivity at the peak and the middle of the last glacial cycle and show that neither changes in nutrient utilization in the Southern Ocean nor shifts in plankton dominance explain the CO2 drawdown. Iron fertilization and associated mechanisms can be responsible for no more than half the observed drawdown.  相似文献