Fasciolosis in camelids     

Harwood D  Nuttall J  Bidewell C 《The Veterinary record》2008,162(13):424

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Ocular immunology in equine recurrent uveitis     

Cornelia A. Deeg 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2008,11(S1):61-65

Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is a disease with high prevalence and relevance for the equine population, since it results in blindness. Over the last decade, important advancements have been made in our understanding of the underlying immune responses in this disease. ERU is mediated by an autoaggressive Th1 response directed against several retinal proteins. Interphotoreceptor-retinoid binding protein (IRBP) and cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP) are capable to induce ERU-like disease in experimental horses, with the unique possibility to activate relapses in a well-defined manner. Further, proteomic evidence now suggests that retinal Mueller glial cells (RMG) may play a fatal role in uveitic disease progression by directly triggering inflammation processes through the expression and secretion of interferon-γ. Ongoing relapses in blind eyes can be associated with stable expression of the major autoantigens in ERU retinas. This review briefly summarizes the most significant developments in uveitis immune response research.  相似文献   

Evaluation of cross-protection by immunization with an experimental trivalent companion animal periodontitis vaccine in the mouse periodontitis model     

Hardham J  Sfintescu C  Evans RT 《Journal of veterinary dentistry》2008,25(1):23-27

Companion animal periodontal disease is one of the most prevalent diseases seen by veterinarians. The goal of this study was to evaluate the vaccine performance of a trivalent canine periodontitis vaccine in the mouse oral challenge model of periodontitis. Mice vaccinated subcutaneously with an inactivated, whole-cell vaccine preparation of Porphyromonas denticanis, Porphyromonas gulae, and Porphyromonas salivosa displayed significantly reduced alveolar bone loss in response to heterologous and cross-species challenges as compared to sham vaccinated animals. Based on the results of these studies, a periodontitis vaccine may be a useful tool in preventing the initiation and progression of periodontitis caused by the most commonly isolated pigmenting anaerobic bacteria in animals.  相似文献   

Effect of natural root grafting on growth response of jack pine (Pinus banksiana) after commercial thinning     

Emilie Tarroux  Annie DesRochers  Cornelia Krause 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010

Commercial thinning is a silvicultural treatment used to increase the merchantable yield of residual trees. Growth response to thinning, however, is highly variable and discrepancies between studies remain largely unexplained. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the effect of natural root grafting on growth response after thinning. We excavated root systems of jack pine (Pinus banksiana) in five naturally regenerated stands, in which three had been commercially thinned 6 and 9 years earlier. Radial growth before and after thinning was examined using dendrochronological techniques. Thinning increased radial growth of trees, however growth increments were significantly less for trees that had root grafts with removed trees, while growth of grafted trees was better in unthinned stands. Furthermore, radial growth response of trees grafted to removed trees was smaller than that of non-grafted trees 4 years and more post-thinning. On average, non-grafted stumps survived less than 1 year (0.4 year), while grafted stumps lived 2.0 years after the stem was removed. Differences in growth response to thinning between grafted and non-grafted trees thus appear to be linked to the support of roots and stumps of removed trees by live residual trees.  相似文献   

Stabilization of organic matter by soil minerals — investigations of density and particle‐size fractions from two acid forest soils     

Klaus Kaiser  Karin Eusterhues  Cornelia Rumpel  Georg Guggenberger  Ingrid Kgel‐Knabner 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2002,165(4):451-459

We tested the hypothesis whether organic matter in subsoils is a large contributor to organic carbon (OC) in terrestrial ecosystems and if survival of organic matter in subsoils is the result of an association with the soil mineral matrix. We approached this by analyzing two forest soil profiles, a Haplic Podzol and a Dystric Cambisol, for the depth distribution of OC, its distribution among density and particle‐size fractions, and the extractability of OC after destruction of the mineral phase by treatment with hydrofluoric acid (HF). The results were related to indicators of the soil mineralogy and the specific surface area. Finally, scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDX) was used to visualize the location of OC at mineral surfaces and associations with elements of mineral phases. The subsoils (B and C horizons) contained 40—50% of the soil OC including the organic forest floor layers. With increasing depth of soil profiles (1) the radiocarbon ages increased, and (2) increasing portions of OC were either HF‐soluble, or located in the density fraction d >1.6 g cm^—3, or in the clay fraction. The proportions of OC in the density fraction d >1.6 g cm^—3 were closely correlated to the contents of oxalate and dithionite‐citrate‐bicarbonate‐extractable Fe (r² = 0.93 and 0.88, P <0.001). SEM‐EDX analyses suggested associations of OC with aluminum whereas silicon‐enriched regions were poor in OC. The specific surface area and the microporosity of the soil mineral matrix after destruction of organic matter were less closely correlated to OC than the extractable iron fractions. This is possibly due to variable surface loadings, depending on different OC inputs with depth. Our results imply that subsoils are important for the storage of OC in terrestrial ecosystems because of intimate association of organic matter with secondary hydrous aluminum and iron phases leading to stabilization against biological degradation.  相似文献   

Prevalence of and risk factors for feline hyperthyroidism in Hong Kong     

De Wet CS  Mooney CT  Thompson PN  Schoeman JP 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2009,11(4):315-321

A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of and potential risk factors for feline hyperthyroidism in Hong Kong. Serum total thyroxine (T(4)) was measured in 305 cats aged 10 years and older that presented at various veterinary clinics in Hong Kong. The prevalence of hyperthyroidism (T(4)>50 nmol/l) within this population was 3.93% and there was no significant difference in prevalence between healthy (3.16%) and sick (4.37%) cats. Older cats (>15 years) were more likely to be affected and domestic shorthair cats were less likely to be diagnosed with hyperthyroidism than the other breeds combined. No specific association between the development of feline hyperthyroidism and food type was observed. The prevalence of feline hyperthyroidism in Hong Kong was less than that reported for most other parts of the world, despite the presence of previously identified risk factors.  相似文献   

Hair cortisol concentrations correlate negatively with survival in a wild primate population     

Josué H. Rakotoniaina  Peter M. Kappeler  Eva Kaesler  Anni M. Hämäläinen  Clemens Kirschbaum  Cornelia Kraus 《BMC ecology》2017,17(1):30

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Response of offshore cultivated Laminaria saccharina to hydrodynamic forcing in the North Sea     

Bela Hieronymus Buck  Cornelia Maria Buchholz 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2005,250(3-4):674-691

The aim of the presented investigation was to test the sensibility of macroalgal aquaculture in offshore wind farms in the North Sea and to find arguments for the choice of appropriate sites among the planned wind farms. Based on experience with an offshore aquaculture farm of Laminaria saccharina conducted in 2002, we assessed the maximum hydrodynamic forces affecting farmed algae by applying the model software “WaveLoad”. Drag measured in a towing tank was considerably higher on algae with a more ruffled margin and wider blade collected from sheltered environments than on flat and narrow farmed Laminaria despite comparable blade areas. Drag varied according to frond size, current velocity and acceleration reaction. Dislodgement of laminarian holdfasts and the forces necessary to break the stipe depended on blade length and surface area. Neither did our measured nor our calculated values of drag exceed those forces, provided the algae had been grown in a current > 1 m s^− 1. Even in storm conditions with maximum current velocities of 1.52 m s^− 1 and wave heights of up to 6.4 m can cultivated L. saccharina withstand the high energy environment.  相似文献   

Multiple-use forest management in consideration of climate change and the interests of stakeholder groups     

Cornelia Fürstenau  Franz W. Badeck  Petra Lasch  Manfred J. Lexer  Marcus Lindner  Peter Mohr  Felicitas Suckow 《European Journal of Forest Research》2007,126(2):225-239

In this study, the overall utility of forest management alternatives at the forest management unit level is evaluated with regard to multi-purpose and multi-user settings by a multi-criteria analysis (MCA) method. The MCA is based on an additive utility model. The relative importance of partial objectives of forest management (carbon sequestration, ground water recharge, biodiversity, and timber production) is defined in cooperation with stakeholders. The forest growth model 4C (Forest Ecosystems in a Changing Environment) is used to simulate the impact of six forest management strategies and climate on forest functions. Two climate change scenarios represent uncertainties with regard to future climatic conditions. The study is based on actual forest conditions in the Kleinsee management unit in east Germany, which is dominated by Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and oak (Quercus robur L. and Quercus petraea Liebl.) stands. First, there is an analysis of the impact of climate and forest management on forest functions. Climate change increases carbon sequestration and income from timber production due to increased stand productivity. Secondly, the overall utility of the management strategies is compared under the priority settings of different stakeholder groups. From an ecological perspective, a conservation strategy would be preferable under all climate scenarios, but the business as usual management would also fit the expectations under the current climate due to high biodiversity and carbon sequestration in the forest ecosystem. In contrast, a forest manager in public-owned forests or a private forest owner would prefer a management strategy with an intermediate thinning intensity and a high share of pine stands to enhance income from timber production while maintaining the other forest functions.  相似文献   

Effect of Primula root and other plant extracts on infection structure formation of Phyllosticta ampelicida (asexual stage of Guignardia bidwellii) and on black rot disease of grapevine in the greenhouse     

Koch  Eckhard  Enders  Melanie  Ullrich  Cornelia  Molitor  Daniel  Berkelmann-Löhnertz  Beate 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2013,120(1):26-33

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The paper describes in vitro and in vivo experiments with extracts from Primula root and Hedera helix aimed at characterizing their effect on Phyllosticta...  相似文献