High HEV presence in four different wild boar populations in East and West Germany     

Cornelia Adlhoch  Alexander Wolf  Helga Meisel  Marco Kaiser  Heinz Ellerbrok  Georg Pauli 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,139(3-4):270-278

Swine Hepatitis E virus (HEV) can be transmitted from pigs to humans causing hepatitis. A high prevalence of HEV in wild boar populations is reported for several European countries, but actual data for Germany are missing. During the hunting season from October to December 2007 liver, bile and blood samples were collected from wild boars in four different German regions. The samples were tested for HEV RNA by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and anti-HEV IgG antibodies by two different ELISAs and a Line immunoassay. A seroprevalence of 29.9% using ELISA and 26.2% in the Line immunoassay was determined. The seroprevalence rate varied greatly within the analyzed regions. However, qPCR analysis revealed a higher prevalence of 68.2% positive animals with regional differences. Surprisingly, also adult wild sows and wild boars were highly HEV positive by qPCR. Compared to liver and serum samples, bile samples showed a higher rate of positive qPCR results. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of a 969 nt fragment within ORF 2 revealed that all isolates clustered within genotype 3 but differed in the subtype depending on the hunting spot. Isolates clustered within genotypes 3i, 3h, 3f and 3e. Within one population HEV isolates were closely related, but social groups of animals in close proximity might be infected with different subtypes. Two full-length genomes of subtypes 3i and 3e from two different geographic regions were generated. The wild boar is discussed as one of the main sources of human autochthonous infections in Germany.  相似文献   

Contribution of methylated exudate flavonoids to the anti-inflammatory activity of Grindelia robusta     

Liselotte Krenn  Eckhard Wollenweber  Katja Steyrleuthner  Cornelia Görick  Matthias F. Melzig 《Fitoterapia》2009

The flavonoid pattern of an acetonic extract of Grindelia robusta Nutt. was investigated in detail. The flavonoids were enriched by CC. In addition to twelve known methylated exudate flavonols four compounds were identified for the first time in G. robusta. Several substances of the flavonoid complex, among them the main compounds quercetin-3-methylether and 6-OH-kaempferol-3,6-dimethylether, were tested for their activity to inhibit neutrophil elastase. Quercetin-3-methylether was shown to be most active with an IC₅₀ of 19 µM, thus obviously contributing to the anti-inflammatory activity of the drug.  相似文献   

Effect of germination and subsequent oven-drying on folate content in different wheat and rye cultivars     

Mohammed Hefni  Cornelia M. Witthöft 《Journal of Cereal Science》2012

Cereals are recognised as an important food source of folate, and germinated cereals are reported to contain even more folate. This study examined the effects of germination and oven-drying on folate content in different wheat and rye cultivars. The native folate content in four wheat cultivars ranged from 23 to 33 μg/100 g dry matter (DM) and that in six rye cultivars from 31 to 39 μg/100 g DM. Mean folate content in rye was 25% higher than in wheat. Germination of both cereals resulted in a 4- to 6-fold increase in folate content, depending on cultivar and duration of germination. The highest folate content in both cereals was found after 96 h of germination and was 181 μg/100 g DM for cv. Kaskelott (rye) and 155 μg/100 g DM for cv. Kosack (wheat). Germination increased the amount of 5-CH₃–H₄folate in both cereals from 45 to 75%. Oven-drying of germinated wheat grains (for 48 and 72 h) at 50 °C did not affect the folate content. In conclusion, germination increases the folate content in wheat and rye cultivars, while subsequent oven-drying does not affect the folate content. Germination can therefore be recommended for producing bakery ingredients with increased folate content.  相似文献   

Impact of silicon-based quantum dots on the antioxidative system in white muscle of Carassius auratus gibelio     

Stanca L  Petrache SN  Radu M  Serban AI  Munteanu MC  Teodorescu D  Staicu AC  Sima C  Costache M  Grigoriu C  Zarnescu O  Dinischiotu A 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2012,38(4):963-975

Silicon-based quantum dots were intraperitoneally injected in individuals of Carassius auratus gibelio. Their effects on white muscle were investigated by following their distribution and impact on the antioxidative system. The GSH level significantly increased after 1 and 3?days of exposure by, respectively, 85.3 and 25.4%. Seven days later, GSH levels were similar to control concentrations. MDA concentration rose after three days by 46.9% and remained at the same level after 7?days. Protein thiol levels significantly decreased by 6.7 and 8.1% after 3 and 7?days, whereas advanced oxidation protein products increased by 12.7, respectively, 28.1% in the same time intervals. The protein reactive carbonyl groups were raised only after the first day of exposure and returned to the control level later on. SOD specific activity increased up to 48% after 7?days, while CAT activity increased by 328, 176, and 26% after 1, 3, and 7?days of treatment. GST specific activity was up-regulated by 87, 18, and 9%, while GR activity increased by 68, 34, and 9%. G6PD activity was up-regulated by 12, 22, and 50%, whereas GPx activity raised by 75 and 109% compared to control after, respectively, 1, 3, and 7?days. Our results suggest that oxidative stress induced by silicon-based quantum dots was not strong enough to cause permanent damage in the white muscle of crucian carp.  相似文献   

Induction dose and recovery quality of propofol and alfaxalone with or without midazolam coinduction followed by total intravenous anesthesia in dogs     

PenTing Liao  Melissa Sinclair  Alexander Valverde  Cornelia Mosley  Heather Chalmers  Shawn Mackenzie  Brad Hanna 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(5):1016-1026

Objectives

To compare propofol and alfaxalone, with or without midazolam, for induction of anesthesia in fentanyl-sedated dogs, and to assess recovery from total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA).

Study design

Prospective, incomplete, Latin-square study.

Animals

Ten dogs weighing 24.5 ± 3.1 kg (mean ± standard deviation).

Methods

Dogs were randomly assigned to four treatments: treatment P-M, propofol (1 mg kg^?1) and midazolam (0.3 mg kg^?1); treatment P-S, propofol and saline; treatment A-M, alfaxalone (0.5 mg kg^?1) and midazolam; treatment A-S, alfaxalone and saline, administered intravenously (IV) 10 minutes after fentanyl (7 μg kg^?1) IV. Additional propofol or alfaxalone were administered as necessary for endotracheal intubation. TIVA was maintained for 35–55 minutes by infusions of propofol or alfaxalone. Scores were assigned for quality of sedation, induction, extubation and recovery. The drug doses required for intubation and TIVA, times from sedation to end of TIVA, end anesthesia to extubation and to standing were recorded. Analysis included a general linear mixed model with post hoc analysis (p < 0.05).

Results

Significant differences were detected in the quality of induction, better in A-M than A-S and P-S, and in P-M than P-S; in total intubation dose, lower in P-M (1.5 mg kg^?1) than P-S (2.1 mg kg^?1), and A-M (0.62 mg kg^?1) than A-S (0.98 mg kg^?1); and lower TIVA rate in P-M (268 μg kg^?1 minute^?1) than P-S (310 μg kg^?1 minute^?1). TIVA rate was similar in A-M and A-S (83 and 87 μg kg^?1 minute^?1, respectively). Time to standing was longer after alfaxalone than propofol, but was not influenced by midazolam.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Addition of midazolam reduced the induction doses of propofol and alfaxalone and improved the quality of induction in fentanyl-sedated dogs. The dose rate of propofol for TIVA was decreased.  相似文献   

Chronic toxicity of fenoxycarb to the midge Chironomus riparius after exposure in sediments of different composition     

Dirk Jungmann  Cornelia Bandow  Thomas Gildemeister  Roland Nagel  Thomas G. Preuss  Hans T. Ratte  Cândida Shinn  Lennart Weltje  Hanna M. Maes 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2009,9(2):94-102

Background, aim, and scope  

Fenoxycarb is an insect growth regulator widely used to control a variety of pests. As a juvenile hormone analogue, it interacts with the natural hormones involved in insect development, inhibiting metamorphosis to the adult stage. Adverse effects of fenoxycarb on non-target organisms have been repeatedly observed and its rapid dissipation from water to the organic fraction of the sediment is known. The aim of this work was to investigate the impact of fenoxycarb on the development of sediment-dwelling larvae of the midge Chironomus riparius after exposure to spiked sediment.  相似文献   

Flowering and true seed production in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). 1. Effects of inflorescence position,nitrogen treatment,and harvest date of berries     

Cornelia J. M. Almekinders  Siert G. Wiersema 《Potato Research》1991,34(4):365-377

Summary Flowering and true seed production from different order inflorescences in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) were evaluated in two experiments. The number of flowers per inflorescence, berry set, berry weight, number of seeds per berry and seed weight generally decreased from primary inflorescences to tertiary inflorescences and inflorescences on lateral stems. The possible relation with carbohydrate distribution is discussed. Quality of the seeds produced from the different orders of inflorescences was a function of seed size; larger seeds showed better germination, emergence and seedling growth. Late harvest of berries increased berry weight and number of seeds per berry from primary inflorescences. Application of additional nitrogen during the flowering period did not affect flowering or differences between inflorescence positions in seed production, but it significantly decreased the number of seeds per berry. The practical implications of these results for true seed production are discussed.  相似文献   

Comparison of lipid biomarker and gene abundance characterizing the archaeal ammonia-oxidizing community in flooded soils     

Andrea Bannert  Cornelia Mueller-Niggemann  Kristina Kleineidam  Livia Wissing  Zhi-Hong Cao  Lorenz Schwark  Michael Schloter 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2011,47(7):839-843

In the last years, archaea have been identified as key players in global N cycling, especially in nitrification. Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) are postulated to belong to the new phylum Thaumarchaeota for which the lipid crenarchaeol should be specific. The ratios between two independent markers for AOA, the ammonia monooxygenase gene and crenarchaeol have been studied in different aerated soils, but so far not in flooded soils. This study investigated ammonia-oxidizing archaea in four paddy soils and a tidal wetland. Ratios were significantly higher in the paddy soils compared to the tidal wetland and in general higher as in upland soils, leading to the assumption that archaeal ammonia oxidizers different from crenarchaeol-containing Thaumarchaeota may play an important role in paddy soils.  相似文献   

Phytoextraction of Cadmium and Phytostabilisation with Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris)     

Franz Rebele  Cornelia Lehmann 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,216(1-4):93-103

Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort) is a tall (1.0?C2.0 m) high biomass perennial herb which accumulates considerable amounts of metals on contaminated sites. An outdoor pot experiment was conducted on a sandy, slightly alkaline soil of moderate fertility to study the uptake of cadmium and the distribution of Cd in plant tissues of A. vulgaris. Cadmium was applied as CdCl₂ (a total of 1 l solution of 0, 10, 50 and 100 mg Cd l^?1) to 12-l pots with a height of 25 cm. HNO₃- and water-extractable concentrations of Cd were correlated with the applied Cd at 2-cm soil depth, but were not correlated at 20-cm soil depth, suggesting that Cd was either not mobile in the soil or completely taken up by mugwort roots. The Cd concentrations in different organs of A. vulgaris and litter increased with increasing soil contamination. Leaf/soil concentration ratios (BCFs) up to 65.93?±?32.26 were observed. Translocation of Cd to the aboveground organs was very high. The leaf/root Cd concentration ratio (translocation factor) ranged from 2.07?±?0.56 to 2.37 ± 1.31; however, there was no correlation of translocation factors to Cd enrichment, indicating similar translocation upon different soil contamination levels. In summary, A. vulgaris is tolerant to the metal concentrations accumulated, has a high metal accumulating biomass and accumulates Cd up to about 70% in the aboveground parts. Both a high phytoextraction potential and a high value for phytostabilisation would recommend mugwort for phytoremediation.  相似文献   

Hematologic reference intervals for Rana sylvatica (Lithobates sylvaticus) and effect of infection with Frog Virus 3 (Ranavirus sp., Iridoviridae)          下载免费PDF全文

María J. Forzán  Todd G. Smith  Raphaël V. Vanderstichel  Natacha S. Hogan  Cornelia. V. Gilroy 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2016,45(3):430-443

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