Application of an algal bioassay to heavy‐metal contaminated soil samples     

Cornelia Matejko  Eva‐Maria Klimanek 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(4):241-248

The aim of this study was to test the effect of heavy‐metal contamination (Cu, Zn) on the growth of Chlorella kessleri. Two soils (Chernozem and Podzoluvisol) were contaminated with several amounts of copper and zinc (100–3000 ppm), and the effects of the soil eluates on the growth of the alga were examined over several days. The soil eluates inhibited algal growth in dependence on metal concentration and soil properties. It was shown that this algal assay, which was first developed for aquatic samples, in principle seems to be suitable also in monitoring soil contamination.  相似文献   

Habitat preferences and distribution of the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus Berk.) in the city of Salzburg (Austria): implications for an urban rat management     

Doris Traweger  Rita Travnitzky  Cornelia Moser  Christian Walzer  Guenther Bernatzky 《Journal of pest science》2006,79(3):113-125

The population of Rattus norvegicus was assessed using live traps and hair sampling tubes in 71 discrete patches distributed in the urban area of the city of Salzburg, Austria. R. norvegicus occurred in 35% of the examined habitats and reached a maximum density of 113.12 individuals/km along water banks. The occurrence of rats was strongly influenced by vegetation, habitat modification and man-made impact in the area. The results of this study could be used to support the development of a new, more scientifically based rat management plan in cooperation with the city of Salzburg.  相似文献   

Dietary intake of folate equivalents and risk of myocardial infarction in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)--Potsdam study   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Drogan D  Klipstein-Grobusch K  Dierkes J  Weikert C  Boeing H 《Public health nutrition》2006,9(4):465-471

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between intake of dietary folate equivalents and risk of myocardial infarction in a German cohort. DESIGN: Intake of dietary folate equivalents was assessed by a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the association between intake of dietary folate equivalents and risk of myocardial infarction. SETTING: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam cohort, Germany. SUBJECTS: Subjects were 22,245 apparently healthy non-users of vitamin supplements aged 35-64 years. RESULTS: During 4.6 years of follow-up, 129 incident cases of myocardial infarction were identified. Compared with intake below the median (103 microg), higher intake of dietary folate equivalents was associated with a multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.57 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.36-0.91). The inverse association of folate intake and myocardial infarction risk was stronger in participants with an ethanol intake equal to or above the sex-specific median (HR=0.37, 95% CI 0.18-0.79) and attenuated in those with a low ethanol intake (HR=0.67, 95% CI 0.37-1.22). CONCLUSION: An increased intake of dietary folate equivalents was observed to be associated with decreased risk of myocardial infarction in a German study population, pointing towards the importance of folate intake with respect to primary prevention of myocardial infarction.  相似文献   

Charcoal mineralisation potential of microbial inocula from burned and unburned forest soil with and without substrate addition     

Caterina Nocentini  Bertrand Guenet  Giacomo Certini  Cornelia Rumpel 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(9):1472-1478

Effects of fire on the functioning of the soil microbial community are largely unknown. In this study, we addressed the charcoal mineralisation potential of microbial inocula extracted from burned and unburned soil. The mineralisation of charcoal was analysed during a 1 month incubation experiment under controlled conditions with and without substrate addition. The aim of the study was to elucidate (1) the indirect effect of fire on the functioning of the soil microbial community in terms of charcoal degradation and (2) the possibility to stimulate this degradation by addition of two substrates of increasing complexity. Our conceptual approach included the monitoring of CO₂ emission from microcosms containing laboratory-made charcoal and microbial inocula from burned and unburned soil with and without ¹³C labelled glucose and cellulose.Our results showed higher charcoal mineralisation without substrate addition in microcosms with the inocula from unburned soil compared to burned soil. Charcoal mineralisation was stimulated by the addition of glucose, whereas cellulose addition did not induce a priming effect. We observed a higher stimulation of charcoal mineralisation induced by glucose for the inoculum from burned soil compared to the inoculum from unburned soil. We concluded that fire did affect the functioning of the soil microbial community in terms of charcoal degradation and that the important priming effect induced by glucose may be explained by an increase of the overall microbial activity, rather than selective stimulation of charcoal degrading microbial communities.  相似文献   

Effects of Thymus vulgaris L. as feed additive in piglets and against haemolytic E. coli in vitro     

Jugl-Chizzola M  Spergser J  Schilcher F  Novak J  Bucher A  Gabler C  Hagmüller W  Zitterl-Eglseer K 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2005,118(11-12):495-501

The aim of the study was to test Thymi herba (1.66% v/w essential oil with 39% p-cymene and 32% thymol) in the rearing period of piglets as feed additive. Therefore, two feeding trials were performed with piglet groups ranging from 17 to 22 animals each. Either 10 g of Thymi herba/kg feed (Thymi herba group), 10 mg flavophospholipol/kg feed (flavophospholipol group) or nothing (control group) was added to the animals' feed. No significant differences in the performance parameter daily weight gain among any groups were recorded. No differences concerning feed efficiency or isolation of haemolytic E. coli serotypes were shown. In addition, the antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Thymi herba against 39 haemolytic E. coli isolates from the same weaners was investigated in vitro by disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration and bactericidal concentration testing. In contrast to the feeding results, the essential oil of the thyme batch fed showed antibacterial activity against all haemolytic E. coli investigated. This interesting antibacterial potential of Thymi herba prompts further investigations as to its value as feed additive.  相似文献   

Comparison of non-invasive cardiac output measurement by partial carbon dioxide rebreathing with the lithium dilution method in anesthetized dogs     

Cornelia I. Gunkel  Dr med vet  MRCVS    Alexander Valverde  DVM  DVSc  DACVA    Timothy E. Morey  MD    Jorge Hernández  MVZ  MPVM  PhD    Sheilah A. Robertson  BVMS  PhD  DACVA  DECVA 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2004,14(3):187-195

Objective: To compare the partial CO₂ rebreathing method (non‐invasive cardiac output [NICO]) and the lithium dilution method (lithium dilution cardiac output [LiDCO]) for cardiac output (CO) measurement in anesthetized dogs. Design: Prospective study. Setting: College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida. Animals: Six adult dogs (weight range 22–25.4 kg). Interventions: All animals were instrumented for CO determinations using the LiDCO and NICO methods. Direct blood pressure, heart rate, arterial blood gases, end‐tidal isoflurane (ETI), and CO₂ concentrations were monitored throughout the study. CO was manipulated with dobutamine and isoflurane to allow for intermediate, low, and high CO determinations in that order using LiDCO and NICO. Measurements and main results: A 1.5% ETI produced the intermediate rate of CO, a constant‐rate infusion of dobutamine (1–4 μg/kg/min) and 1.1% ETI, the highest rate, and 2.5–3% ETI, the lowest rate. Measurements were obtained in duplicate or triplicate for the LiDCO and continuously for the NICO method after achieving a stable hemodynamic plane for at least 15 minutes at each level of CO, allowing 5 minutes between measurements. Forty‐seven comparisons were determined. The correlation coefficient (r) between the 2 methods was 0.888 for all determinations. The mean LiDCO and NICO from 47 measurements were 155.9±78.7 mL/kg/min (range, 49.6–303.2) and 146.6±62.9 mL/kg/min (50–290.3), respectively. The bias between LiDCO and NICO estimations was 9.3 (?60.7 to +79.4) mL/kg/min (mean and 95% confidence interval). The mean (mL/kg/min) of the differences of LiDCO–NICO was 1.11 × NICO. The relative error was 2.4±24.7%. As CO increased, the relative difference between the methods also increased. Conclusions: The NICO is a viable non‐invasive method for CO determination in the dog and compares well with the LiDCO.  相似文献   

The influence of stress from transport and handling on hematologic and clinical chemistry blood parameters of racing pigeons (Columba livia domestica)     

Scope A  Filip T  Gabler C  Resch F 《Avian diseases》2002,46(1):224-229

In the present study, the influence of stress from handling and transport on some frequently examined blood parameters of racing pigeons was evaluated. After 3 hr, there was a highly significant (P < 0.01) increase in the number as well as in the percentage of heterophils and decrease of lymphocytes. In clinical chemistries, increases of creatine kinase and glucose and a decrease of uric acid were observed. There was a mean decrease of the total white blood count of >15% that was less significant (P < 0.05). Changes in lactate dehydrogenase, basophils, and monocytes did not prove to be significant; eosinophils, aspartate aminotransferase, total protein, and the packed cell volume were not influenced by stress.  相似文献   

Normal structure and age-related changes of the equine retina   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Ehrenhofer MC  Deeg CA  Reese S  Liebich HG  Stangassinger M  Kaspers B 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2002,5(1):39-47

Investigations of the pathophysiology of ocular diseases require a detailed knowledge of the microanatomy of the eye. The available information is still inadequate for the equine retina despite the importance of eye diseases in equine medicine. Here we provide a comprehensive analysis of the histologic features of the horse eye as a reference for future studies. Thirty normal eyes of 15 healthy horses were examined immediately after slaughter. The retina of the horse differs considerably in the degree and quantity of neurons and glial elements as well as in vascular patterns compared to the retina of other domestic animals. Morphometric analysis revealed that the thickness of the retina varies between 80 microm at the ora serrata and 250 microm medial to the optic disc. Approximately 90% of the equine retina is comparatively thin (< 130 microm). This is a physiologic response to the distance that oxygen can diffuse in avascular retina. Ganglion cells form a single layer in all parts of the retina. The majority of ganglion cells are very large Nissl-positive cells. Small Nissl-negative ganglion cells are less abundant. A high ganglion cell density is found only in the central area. Vascularization is virtually absent from the retina with the exception of a narrow strip around the disc of the optic nerve, as revealed by lectin histochemistry. Light microscopy of the eyes of older horses repeatedly revealed cystoid degenerations in the retina adjacent to the pars plana of the ciliary body, as well as a destruction of the regular layering of the peripheral region of the retina.  相似文献   

Untersuchungen zum Artenspektrum von Fusarium-Pilzen im Erntegut von Getreide im Land Brandenburg     

Cornelia Müller  Helmut Bröther 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2002,54(2):33-37

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Neuron-specific enolase antibodies in patients with sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome     

Braus BK  Hauck SM  Amann B  Heinrich C  Fritsche J  Köstlin R  Deeg CA 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2008,124(1-2):177-183

Sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) is a disease characterised by sudden and bilateral vision loss of dogs. Previous studies failed to identify the underlying cause [Mattson, A., Roberts, S.M., Isherwood, J.M.E., 1992. Clinical features suggesting hyperadrenocorticism associated with sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome in a dog. J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc. 28, 199-202; Van der Woerdt, A., Nasisse, M.P., Davidson, M.G., 1991. Sudden acquired retinal degeneration in the dog: clinical and laboratory findings in 36 cases. Prog. Vet. Comp. Ophthamol. 1, 11-18] and earlier investigations about the occurrence of anti-retinal antibodies in SARDS patients showed inconsistent results. To provide a novel approach to those findings we designed a more detailed study. Autoantibodies of SARDS patients and normal controls were tested against the purified autoantigens S-antigen and cellular retinaldehyde binding protein (CRALBP) that play a role in human autoimmune uveitis. Next we tested the autoantibody binding pattern to whole retinal lysate. No difference in the incidence of autoantibodies could be found between SARDS patients and healthy controls while testing the well-known autoantigens S-antigen and CRALBP. Potential novel, yet unknown autoantigens were identified by a screening test using the retinal proteome as an autoantigenic source. In SARDS patients and normal controls, several retinal proteins were bound by IgG antibodies, but one band was strongly marked by SARDS patients. That band was excised, subjected to mass spectrometry (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF)) and identified as neuron-specific enolase. Binding of the IgG autoantibodies of SARDS-affected dogs to this protein was verified using purified NSE, revealing 25% of NSE autoantibody-positive SARDS patients and 0% of negative controls. Our findings indicate that at least some dogs with SARDS have autoantibodies against NSE, although it is unclear whether these play a causative role in SARDS or whether they are the result of retinal destruction by another mechanism.  相似文献