Formation and availability of methylmercury in mercury-contaminated sediment: effects of activated carbon and biochar amendments     

Sørmo  Erlend  Silvani  Ludovica  Braaten  Hans Fredrik Veiteberg  Bryntesen  Tina  Eek  Espen  Cornelissen  Gerard 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2022,22(3):1041-1053

Journal of Soils and Sediments - As the formation of toxic and bioaccumulative methylmercury (MeHg) in Hg-contaminated sediments is of great concern worldwide, suitable remediation options are...  相似文献   

A highly conserved neutralizing epitope on group 2 influenza A viruses   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ekiert DC  Friesen RH  Bhabha G  Kwaks T  Jongeneelen M  Yu W  Ophorst C  Cox F  Korse HJ  Brandenburg B  Vogels R  Brakenhoff JP  Kompier R  Koldijk MH  Cornelissen LA  Poon LL  Peiris M  Koudstaal W  Wilson IA  Goudsmit J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6044):843-850

Current flu vaccines provide only limited coverage against seasonal strains of influenza viruses. The identification of V(H)1-69 antibodies that broadly neutralize almost all influenza A group 1 viruses constituted a breakthrough in the influenza field. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a human monoclonal antibody CR8020 with broad neutralizing activity against most group 2 viruses, including H3N2 and H7N7, which cause severe human infection. The crystal structure of Fab CR8020 with the 1968 pandemic H3 hemagglutinin (HA) reveals a highly conserved epitope in the HA stalk distinct from the epitope recognized by the V(H)1-69 group 1 antibodies. Thus, a cocktail of two antibodies may be sufficient to neutralize most influenza A subtypes and, hence, enable development of a universal flu vaccine and broad-spectrum antibody therapies.  相似文献   

Germinaiton and Growth Response of Oaks to Soils Under Quercus ilexL．Coppices     

Li Junqing College of Forest Resources  Environment  Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing  P.R  China Frangois Romane CNRS-CEFE  Louis Emberger Route de Mende  BP  Montpellier  France 《中国林学(英文版)》1994,(2)

ＧｅｒｍｉｎａｉｔｏｎａｎｄＧｒｏｗｔｈＲｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｏｆＯａｋｓｔｏＳｏｉｌｓＵｎｄｅｒＱｕｅｒｃｕｓｉｌｅｘＬ．ＣｏｐｐｉｃｅｓＬｉＪｕｎｑｉｎｇＣｏｌｌｅｇｅｏｆＦｏｒｅｓｔＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓａｎｄＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ，ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＦｏｒ...  相似文献   

Bacillus larvae carrier status of swarms and feral colonies of honeybees (Apis mellifera) in Australia     

MAZ HORNITZKY  BP OLDROYD  D. SOMERVILLE 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,73(3):116-117

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Solid phase immune electron microscopy for diagnosis of transmissible gastroenteritis in pigs   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

A P van Nieuwstadt  J B Cornelissen  J Vreeswijk 《Research in veterinary science》1988,44(3):286-294

A serological trapping technique is described for detecting transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus in faeces. The technique involves the coating of electron microscope grids with protein A and specific TGE virus antiserum. Optimal conditions for performing this solid phase immune electron microscopy technique were a concentration 250 micrograms ml-1 of protein A; 1:100 diluted rabbit anti-TGE virus hyperimmune serum for coating the grids and overnight incubation with virus samples. The possibility of detecting coronavirus in crude faeces was highly improved with solid phase immune electron microscopy, compared with conventional negative staining electron microscopy, by specific trapping of virus and prevention of adsorption of contaminants. The sensitivity of the method was evaluated by coded investigation of a dilution series of stock virus mixed with different pools of faeces. The improvement of virus detection in faeces by solid phase immune electron microscopy, compared with standard electron microscopy was at least 100-fold. Faecal shedding of coronavirus by pigs infected with virulent and attenuated strains of TGE virus was studied. Virus detection in faeces by a standard electron microscopy technique was not practical, since the virus was obscured by a large quantity of debris in the faeces. By using solid phase immune electron microscopy, however, the aspect of the specimens on the grids improved so much that, in addition to more common immunofluorescence, the technique might be useful as a diagnostic test for TGE. Virus was detected in daily faecal samples from one or two days after experimental infection with virulent TGE virus, until death in five out of eight animals. Unlike immunofluorescence, solid phase immune electron microscopy may be used for diagnosis in living animals.  相似文献   

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in common moles (Talpa europaea)     

Inge M Krijger  Jan BWJ Cornelissen  Henk J Wisselink  Bastiaan G Meerburg 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2014,56(1)

Background

The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in common moles, Talpa europaea, was investigated in order to determine whether moles can serve as an indicator species for T. gondii infections in livestock.

Findings

In total, 86 moles were caught from 25 different sites in the Netherlands. Five different trapping habitats were distinguished: pasture, garden, forest, roadside, and recreation area. No positive samples (brain cysts) were found during microscopic detection (n = 70). Using the Latex Agglutination Test (LAT), sera of 70 moles were examined, whereby no sample reacted with T. gondii antigen. Real Time-PCR tests on brain tissue showed 2 positive samples (2.3%).

Conclusions

Because of the low number of positives in our study, the use of the common mole as an indicator species for livestock infections is currently not recommended.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13028-014-0048-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

comparison of an indirect haemagglutination assay and an Elisa for diagnosing Fasciola hepatica in experimentally and naturally infected sheep     

J.B. W. J. Cornelissen  W. A. de Leeuw  P. J. van der Heijden 《The Veterinary quarterly》2013,33(4):152-156

Summary

An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with somatic (S) or excretory‐secretory antigens (ES) was compared with an indirect haemagglutination assay (IHA) for ability to detect antibodies against Fasciola hepatica in sheep. The specificity of both assays was determined by testing sera collected from sheep experimentally or naturally mono‐infected with Fasciola hepatica, Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia circumcincta, Cooperia curticei, Taenia ovis, Eimeria spp., Trichostrongylus vitrinus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis or Nematodirus battus respectively. With S or ES antigens the specificity of the ELISA was 98% or 95% respectively, whereas the specificity of the IHA was 86%. Antibodies directed against Fasciola hepatica were detected by the ELISA with S or ES antigens from 2 weeks after infection until the end of the experiment, whereas the IHA detected antibodies from week 3. We conclude that the ELISA with S antigens compares favourably with the IHA and can be used for the serodiagnosis of ovine fasciolosis in the Netherlands.  相似文献   

Significance of serological testing for ehrlichial diseases in dogs with special emphasis on the diagnosis of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis caused by Ehrlichia canis     

Waner T  Harrus S  Jongejan F  Bark H  Keysary A  Cornelissen AW 《Veterinary parasitology》2001,95(1):1-15

Dogs are susceptible to a number of ehrlichial diseases. Among them, canine monocytic ehrlichiosis is an important and potentially fatal disease of dogs caused by the rickettsia Ehrlichia canis. Diagnosis of the disease relies heavily on the detection of antibodies and is usually carried out using the indirect immunofluoresence antibody (IFA) test. The IFA test may be confounded by cross-reactivities between a number of the canine ehrlichial pathogens. This article presents a review of the ehrlichial diseases affecting dogs with reference to their immune responses, host specificities, cross-reactivites and diagnosis. Diagnostic means such as Western immunblot, dot-blot and PCR are discussed. The use of the IFA test as a diagnostic means for E. canis is presented along with its potential pitfalls. The review emphasizes that the disease process, cross-reactivites with other ehrlichial species, multiple tick-borne infections and persistent IFA antibody titers post-treatment, should all be considered when interpreting E. canis serological results.  相似文献   

An experimental study on triclabendazole resistance of Fasciola hepatica in sheep     

Gaasenbeek CP  Moll L  Cornelissen JB  Vellema P  Borgsteede FH 《Veterinary parasitology》2001,95(1):37-43

The efficacy of triclabendazole in sheep experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica was studied. Two groups of 12 lambs were infected with a susceptible (S) or a resistant (R) strain of F. hepatica. Eight weeks after infection, six lambs of each group (ST and RT) were treated with triclabendazole (10mg/kg). The other lambs were used as untreated controls (SC and RC). The parameters studied were: GLDH, gamma-GT, ELISA measuring antibodies against recombinant cathepsin-L(1) and eggs per gram faeces (epg). The lambs were slaughtered 16 weeks after infection and the number of flukes counted.The GLDH, gamma-GT levels and the OD value of the ELISA decreased as a result of the treatment in group ST. Patent infections were observed in all animals of groups SC, RT and RC. In group ST, occasionally a few eggs were found in five lambs. The percentage of flukes was 31.3 in SC and 37.6 in RC. In the treated groups ST and RT, the percentage of flukes was 0.06 and 33.6, respectively. These results corresponded to efficacies of 99.8% in the susceptible and 10.8% in the resistant strain. Since the resistant strain was isolated from a mixed cattle and sheep farm, it confirms the presence of triclabendazole resistance in the Netherlands.  相似文献   

Molecular basis for the antimycotic and antibacterial activity of N-substituted imidazoles and triazoles: The inhibition of isoprenoid biosynthesis     

Hugo Vanden Bossche  Wim Lauwers  Gustaaf Willemsens  Patrick Marichal  Frans Cornelissen  Willy Cools 《Pest management science》1984,15(2):188-198

The antimycotic N-substituted imidazoles and triazoles, such as imazalil, ketoconazole and itraconazole, interfere selectively at low concentrations (≥0.01nm) with the 14α-demethylase system (which is dependent on cytochrome P-450) of fungal cells, for example, Candida albicans and Penicillium italicum. This results in a decreased availability of ergosterol and the accumulation of 14α-methyl-sterols such as lanosterol. Cholesterol synthesis in a subcellular fraction of rat liver, in intact fibroblasts, and in vivo in rat liver, was much less sensitive, for example, to ketoconazole. The imidazole derivatives imazalil, miconazole, ketoconazole and parconazole, and the triazole derivatives propiconazole, terconazole and itraconazole affect the cytochrome P-450 species of microsomal fractions from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and rat liver. Cytochrome P-450 of rat-liver microsomes was much less sensitive to these azole derivatives, in parallel with the lower sensitivity of cholesterol synthesis. Using unilamellar vesicles composed of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidyl-ethanolamine and diphosphatidylcholine, multilamellar vesicles of dipalmitoylphos-phatidylcholine, and intact S. cerevisiae, it was shown that the substitution of ergosterol by lanosterol leads to functional changes in the membranes. It is speculated that the selective interaction of the azole derivatives with the yeast microsomal cytochrome P-450 leads to the accumulation of 14a-methyl-sterols and results in changes in the permeability of the membranes and leakages. The observed inhibition of growth may have its origin in these changes. Miconazole, ketoconazole and deacylated ketoconazole (R-39519) also affect the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, miconazole being 12.5 and 14 times, respectively, more active than R-39519 and ketoconazole. The greater antibacterial activity of miconazole coincides with its greater inhibition of the biosynthesis of C-55 isoprenoid alcohol and vitamin K. The phosphorylated derivative of C-55 isoprenoid alcohol has functional importance in the biosynthesis of bacterial cell wall and membrane polymers, and the menaquinone vitamin K plays a role in the electron transport of Gram-positive bacteria. The reduced synthesis of these vital compounds may contribute to the antibacterial activity of miconazole.  相似文献