Evaluation of the Effects of a Therapeutic Renal Diet to Control Proteinuria in Proteinuric Non‐Azotemic Dogs Treated with Benazepril     

O. Cortadellas  J. Talavera  M.J. Fernández del Palacio 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(1):30-37

Background

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are currently used to control proteinuria in dogs with chronic kidney disease. Renal diets (RDs) have beneficial effects in the management of azotemic dogs, but its role in proteinuric non‐azotemic (PNAz) dogs has been poorly documented.

Hypothesis

Administration of a RD to PNAz dogs treated with benazepril (Be) improves proteinuria control compared with the administration of a maintenance diet (MD).

Animals

Twenty‐two PNAz (urine protein/creatinine ratio [UPC] >1) dogs.

Methods

Randomized open label clinical trial design. Dogs were assigned to group‐MD (5.5 g protein/100 kcal ME)/Be or to group‐RD (3.7 g protein/100 kcal ME)/Be group during 60 days. Dogs with serum albumin (Alb) <2 g/dL received aspirin (1 mg/kg/12 hours). A physical examination, systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurement, complete blood count (CBC), biochemistry panel, urinalysis, and UPC were performed at day 0 (D0) and day 60 (D60).

Results

At D0, there were no significant differences between groups in the evaluated variables. During the study, logUPC (geometric mean (95% CI) and SBP (mean±SD mmHg) significantly decreased (paired t‐test, P = 0.001) in Group‐RD (logUPC_D0 = 3.16[1.9–5.25]; UPC_D60 = 1.20 [0.59–2.45]; SBP_D0 = 160 ± 17.2; SBP_D60 = 151 ± 15.8), but not in Group‐MD (UPC_D0 = 3.63[2.69–4.9]; UPC_D60 = 2.14 [0.76–6.17]; SBP_D0 = 158 ± 14.7; SBP_D60 = 153 ± 11.5). However, RM‐ANOVA test did not confirm that changes were consequence of dietary modification. Weight and Alb concentration did not change significantly in any group.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance

The administration of a RD to PNAz dogs treated with Be might help to control proteinuria and SBP compared with the administration of a MD, without inducing clinically detectable malnutrition, but more studies are warranted.  相似文献   

Systemic hypertension in dogs with leishmaniasis: prevalence and clinical consequences     

Cortadellas O  del Palacio MJ  Bayón A  Albert A  Talavera J 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(4):941-947

A prospective study was performed (November 1998 to December 2003) to determine the prevalence of systemic hypertension (SH) in dogs with glomerular disease secondary to leishmaniasis. One hundred and five dogs with leishmaniasis were screened and staged for the presence of renal disease (RD) and SH. For the purpose of the study, RD was defined as serum creatinine concentration > or = 1.4 mg/dL, a urine protein/creatinine ratio > or = 0.5, or both. SH was defined as a systolic blood pressure (SBP) > or =180 mm Hg or an SBP between 150 and 179 mm Hg in the presence of clinical manifestations of SH. Fifty-two (49.5%) of the dogs had some degree of RD, and 32 (61.5%) of these dogs were diagnosed with SH. Moreover, SH also was diagnosed in 3 dogs without RD. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), estimated by echocardiography, was the most frequently observed systemic consequence of hypertension, being present in 32 (91.4%) of the hypertensive dogs. Echocardiographic abnormalities were not detected in any of the 33 dogs with leishmaniasis without RD, which were used as controls. Ocular consequences of SH were observed in only 2 (5.7%) of the dogs with hypertension. We conclude that SH is prevalent in dogs with RD secondary to leishmaniasis, not only in the more severe stages but also in the early course of the illness before azotemia becomes apparent. Canine leishmaniasis may be a useful natural model to study SH secondary to glomerular disease.  相似文献   

Characterization of the normal equine conjunctival bacterial community using culture‐independent methods     

Stacey LaFrentz  Eva Abarca  Haitham H. Mohammed  Rosemary Cuming  Covadonga R. Arias 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2020,23(3):480-488

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Influence of Dietary Lipids and Environmental Salinity on the n-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Biosynthesis Capacity of the Marine Teleost Solea senegalensis     

Manuel Marrero   scar Monroig  Mnica Betancor  Marcelino Herrera  Jos A. Prez  Diego Garrido  Ana Galindo  Inmaculada Girldez  Covadonga Rodríguez 《Marine drugs》2021,19(5)

Fish vary in their ability to biosynthesise long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) depending upon the complement and function of key enzymes commonly known as fatty acyl desaturases and elongases. It has been reported in Solea senegalensis the existence of a Δ4 desaturase, enabling the biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which can be modulated by the diet. The present study aims to evaluate the combined effects of the partial replacement of fish oil (FO) with vegetable oils and reduced environmental salinity in the fatty acid composition of relevant body compartments (muscle, hepatocytes and enterocytes), the enzymatic activity over α-linolenic acid (ALA) to form n-3 LC-PUFA through the incubation of isolated hepatocytes and enterocytes with [1-¹⁴C] 18:3 n-3, and the regulation of the S. senegalensis fads2 and elovl5 in the liver and intestine. The presence of radiolabelled products, including 18:4n-3, 20:4n-3 and EPA, provided compelling evidence that a complete pathway enabling the biosynthesis of EPA from ALA, establishing S. senegalensis, has at least one Fads2 with ∆6 activity. Dietary composition prevailed over salinity in regulating the expression of fads2, while salinity did so over dietary composition for elovl5. FO replacement enhanced the proportion of DHA in S. senegalensis muscle and the combination with 20 ppt salinity increased the amount of n-3 LC-PUFA in hepatocytes.  相似文献   

Description of original endoscopic findings and respiratory functional assessment using barometric whole-body plethysmography in dogs suffering from brachycephalic airway obstruction syndrome     

Bernaerts F  Talavera J  Leemans J  Hamaide A  Claeys S  Kirschvink N  Clercx C 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2010,183(1):95-102

The clinical features of brachycephalic airway obstructive disease in 11 brachycephalic dogs are described in this study. The respiratory strategy was assessed before (n=11) and after (n=6) surgery using barometric whole-body plethysmography (BWBP), with the relationship between BWBP variables and the severity of the clinical signs assessed by the use of a respiratory score based on clinical, radiographic and endoscopic findings. Partial collapse of the left main bronchus was a common finding not previously described as part of the brachycephalic airway obstructive disease syndrome. Epiglottic cysts, laryngeal granulomas and nasopharyngeal turbinates in English Bulldogs were other previously unreported findings. No significant correlation between the respiratory score and any of the BWBP variables was detected. Compared to healthy dogs, brachycephalic dogs had a significantly lower Te/Ti ratio (expiratory time over inspiratory time), peak inspiratory flow (PIF) per kg bodyweight (BW), significantly higher peak expiratory flow (PEF) per kgBW, PEF/PIF, and enhanced pause. These variations are compatible with upper airway obstructions primarily in the extrathoracic airways. Following surgery, a significant decrease in PEF/PIF was detected. The study showed that BWBP could be used to characterise the respiratory strategy in brachycephalic dogs before and after surgery.  相似文献   

Maximizing re-introduction success: Assessing the immediate cost of release in a threatened waterfowl     

Giacomo Tavecchia  Covadonga Viedma  Alejandro Martínez-Abraín 《Biological conservation》2009,142(12):3005-3012

Translocations have become one of the most commonly used tools for biodiversity restoration worldwide, however one out of three re-introduction plans fails to create a viable population or to successfully reinforce the existing one. We used results from the analysis of individual-based information on the re-introduction of a threatened waterfowl species, the crested coots Fulica cristata, to provide guidelines to maximise re-introduction success. We found that about a third of the post-release mortality took place within the first month after release. This immediate ‘cost of release’ in terms of local survival or ‘release risk factor’ seems to be a common feature of re-introduction projects, and it is likely due to the inexperience of captive-born individuals to face the new environment. This hypothesis was supported by the positive association between survival and time spent in the wild Results suggested that coots released between February and May have a slightly higher survival. A joint measure of survival and breeding probabilities indicated that birds released in late winter (February-March) had a higher chance to survive and reproduce compared to birds released later in the year. From an applied perspective our results can be used within an adaptive management framework to determine the optimum period of release, providing substantial support for future decision-making in the management of waterfowl, and other long-term projects of re-introduction of threatened vertebrate species.  相似文献   

Screening chloroplast regions in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Calophyllum brasiliense</Emphasis> (Calophyllaceae) for suitability for population genetic analyses     

Cecilia B. Percuoco  Lucas G. Giménez  Liliana N. Talavera Stéfani  Jorge V. Crisci  Carina F. Argüelles 《林业研究》2018,29(4):983-990

The uniparental inheritance and conserved structure of the chloroplast genome among many angiosperms makes it suitable for constructing gene lineages and inferring population histories based on these relationships. However, the analysis of a single chloroplast region to solve population issues has not yielded the desired amount of variability due to the low mutation rate. Therefore, it is necessary to screen and carefully analyze chloroplast intergenic or intronic regions to select the most appropriate for studying the genetic variability in the chloroplast genome of a particular taxon. In this context, the aim of this work was to characterize 8 regions in Calophyllum brasiliense using 11 selected primer pairs and to evaluate their usefulness for phylogeographic analysis. Intergenic spacers petA-psbJ, petG-trnP and rpl32-trnL and the trnL intron demonstrated potentially informative sites. The combination of these 4 regions will allow the analysis of genetic population structure and the integration of historical aspects to inform strategies for conserving C. brasiliense, especially for highly impacted populations and those at risk of local extinction.  相似文献   

Early weaning in meagre Argyrosomus regius: Effects on growth,survival, digestion and skeletal deformities          下载免费PDF全文

Cindy Campoverde  Covadonga Rodriguez  José Perez  Enric Gisbert  Alicia Estévez 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(10):5289-5299

Meagre Argyrosomus regius is considered a new species for the diversification of finfish aquaculture in the Mediterranean. Several bottlenecks have been identified by producers, and among them, the necessity to establish early weaning protocols to reduce production costs. In this study, two experiments were carried out with meagre larvae from 2 to 35 days post hatch (dph) using different weaning strategies, including the early introduction of artificial diets and the reduction of Artemia metanauplii to half of the normal amounts. A high frequency of cannibalism and high variability in growth rate and survival were obtained in one of the trials and several changes were introduced (reduction of light intensity, higher frequency of food distribution) in the second trial to increase the survival rate. In both trials, weaning started before the complete morphological and functional development of the stomach; thus, pancreatic enzymes, mainly trypsin and lipase tended to be more active in early weaned larvae compared to the control groups. Early weaning delayed the development of the stomach formation and secretion of acid proteases, which may explain the lower growth rates observed in our study. The effect of weaning on skeletal development was also studied and in this sense the results obtained showed no major influence of the early weaning on the incidence of skeletal deformities. Weaning of meagre larvae can be performed as early as 12 dph, but important aspects such as avoiding cannibalism and co‐feeding live prey and artificial diets for at least 5 days were recommended.  相似文献   

Left ventricular inflow tract obstruction secondary to a myxoma in a dog     

Fernandez-del Palacio MJ  Sanchez J  Talavera J  Martínez C 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2011,47(3):217-223

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A pectinmethylesterase gene associated with a heat-stable extract from citrus     

Arias CR  Burns JK 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(12):3465-3472

A putative thermostable pectinmethylesterase (TSPME) protein of 36 kDa was isolated from heat-treated citrus finisher pulp. After purification and partial sequencing of the protein, a reverse genetic approach was used to obtain the complete genomic sequence of a new pectinmethylesterase (PME) gene, CsPME4, from Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. cv. Valencia. The CsPME4 gene contained two exons of 1203 and 690 bp interrupted by a single positionally conserved intron of 1230 bp. A full-length CsPME4 cDNA clone amplified from Valencia orange juice vesicles shared 98% identity with the genomic clone. The encoded protein of the full-length CsPME4 cDNA shared 66 and 39% amino acid identity with the full-length encoded proteins of the citrus PME, CsPME1, and CsPME3, respectively, whereas the predicted mature protein of CsPME4 shared 80 and 61% identity with the predicted mature proteins of CsPME1 and CsPME3, respectively. Southern analysis demonstrated that CsPME4 was present in at least two copies in the Valencia orange genome. Northern analysis revealed that CsPME4 mRNA was accumulated mainly in young and developing tissues of Valencia orange. Several approaches to express recombinant CsPME4 in different systems failed to obtain active protein. Further research will be necessary to successfully express the putative TSPME gene CsPME4 for biochemical characterization.  相似文献