A PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS FOR THE DIFFERENTIAL RESISTANCE OF THE TWO RACES OF RED SCALE TO HCN     

Hardman NF  Craig R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1941,94(2434):187-188

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REQUEST FOR DATA ON THE TWILIGHT SONG OF THE WOOD PEWEE     

Craig W 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1926,63(1638):525

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Lithophagic snail from southern British Honduras     

A K Craig 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1967,158(802):795-796

A freshwater gastropod, Pachycheilus glaphyrus, responsible for unusual erosion in limestone has been located in southern British Honduras where it is abundant in streams flowing through areas of karst topography. These snails ingest algae that proliferate in solution grooves formed at the fluctuating air-water interface. Rasping action of the radula results in deepening of these grooves and appears to improve the algal habitat.  相似文献   

Odor-mediated push-pull pollination in cycads     

Terry I  Walter GH  Moore C  Roemer R  Hull C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5847):70

The reproductive organs of some plants self-heat, release scent, and attract pollinators. The relations among these processes are not well understood, especially in the more ancient, nonflowering gymnosperm lineages. We describe the influence of plant volatiles in an obligate pollination mutualism between an Australian Macrozamia cycad (a gymnosperm with male and female individuals) and its specialist thrips pollinator, Cycadothrips chadwicki. Pollen-laden thrips leave male cycad cones en masse during the daily thermogenic phase, when cone temperatures and volatile emissions increase dramatically and thrips are repelled. As thermogenesis declines, total volatile emissions diminish and cones attract thrips, resulting in pollination of female cones. Behavioral and electrophysiological tests on thrips reveal that variations in b-myrcene and ocimene emissions by male and female cones are sufficient to explain the observed sequential thrips' repellence (push) and attraction (pull). These dynamic interactions represent complex adaptations that enhance the likelihood of pollination and may reflect an intermediate state in the evolution of biotic pollination.  相似文献   

Dating the deluge     

Craig H 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1976,194(4268):894

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Prevention of organ allograft rejection by a specific Janus kinase 3 inhibitor     

Changelian PS  Flanagan ME  Ball DJ  Kent CR  Magnuson KS  Martin WH  Rizzuti BJ  Sawyer PS  Perry BD  Brissette WH  McCurdy SP  Kudlacz EM  Conklyn MJ  Elliott EA  Koslov ER  Fisher MB  Strelevitz TJ  Yoon K  Whipple DA  Sun J  Munchhof MJ  Doty JL  Casavant JM  Blumenkopf TA  Hines M  Brown MF  Lillie BM  Subramanyam C  Shang-Poa C  Milici AJ  Beckius GE  Moyer JD  Su C  Woodworth TG  Gaweco AS  Beals CR  Littman BH  Fisher DA  Smith JF  Zagouras P  Magna HA  Saltarelli MJ  Johnson KS  Nelms LF  Des Etages SG  Hayes LS  Kawabata TT 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5646):875-878

Because of its requirement for signaling by multiple cytokines, Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) is an excellent target for clinical immunosuppression. We report the development of a specific, orally active inhibitor of JAK3, CP-690,550, that significantly prolonged survival in a murine model of heart transplantation and in cynomolgus monkeys receiving kidney transplants. CP-690,550 treatment was not associated with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or lymphoproliferative disease. On the basis of these preclinical results, we believe JAK3 blockade by CP-690,550 has potential for therapeutically desirable immunosuppression in human organ transplantation and in other clinical settings.  相似文献   

ETHER AND METABOLISM IN THE CEREBRAL CORTEX     

Craig FN 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1943,98(2533):68-69

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THE PRESENCE OF HEMOLYTIC,CYTOLYTIC AND COMPLEMENT-BINDING SUBSTANCES IN EXTRACTS OF ENDAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA     

Craig CF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1927,65(1695):620

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Evolution of block copolymer lithography to highly ordered square arrays     

Tang C  Lennon EM  Fredrickson GH  Kramer EJ  Hawker CJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,322(5900):429-432

The manufacture of smaller, faster, more efficient microelectronic components is a major scientific and technological challenge, driven in part by a constant need for smaller lithographically defined features and patterns. Traditional self-assembling approaches based on block copolymer lithography spontaneously yield nanometer-sized hexagonal structures, but these features are not consistent with the industry-standard rectilinear coordinate system. We present a modular and hierarchical self-assembly strategy, combining supramolecular assembly of hydrogen-bonding units with controlled phase separation of diblock copolymers, for the generation of nanoscale square patterns. These square arrays will enable simplified addressability and circuit interconnection in integrated circuit manufacturing and nanotechnology.  相似文献   

A critical role for eosinophils in allergic airways remodeling     

Humbles AA  Lloyd CM  McMillan SJ  Friend DS  Xanthou G  McKenna EE  Ghiran S  Gerard NP  Yu C  Orkin SH  Gerard C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,305(5691):1776-1779

Features of chronic asthma include airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammatory infiltrates, and structural changes in the airways, termed remodeling. The contribution of eosinophils, cells associated with asthma and allergy, remains to be established. We show that in mice with a total ablation of the eosinophil lineage, increases in airway hyperresponsiveness and mucus secretion were similar to those observed in wild-type mice, but eosinophil-deficient mice were significantly protected from peribronchiolar collagen deposition and increases in airway smooth muscle. These data suggest that eosinophils contribute substantially to airway remodeling but are not obligatory for allergen-induced lung dysfunction, and support an important role for eosinophil-targeted therapies in chronic asthma.  相似文献