Fish community response to environmental variations in an impacted Neotropical basin          下载免费PDF全文

Estevan Luiz da Silveira  Eduardo Luis Cupertino Ballester  Karine Andréa da Costa  Elizabeth Weinhardt de Oliveira Scheffer  André Martins Vaz‐dos‐Santos 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2018,27(4):1126-1139

Fish communities’ organisation is a challenging task due to global, local and temporal variations related to biotic and abiotic factors, highlighting anthropic activities. The Verde River Basin (VRB) was chosen as a model to the fish community study due to its complexity, presenting a longitudinal gradient of degradation. The ichthyofauna and abiotic factors were sampled during twelve months in four sites. Analyses employed rarefaction curves with Hill numbers estimators and canonical correspondence analysis. The endemic Apareiodon sp. (not described), Hypostomus albopunctatus, H. strigaticeps, Oligosarcus paranensis, Neoplecostomus yapo and Trichomycterus diabolus were associated with structurally complex and well‐preserved environments. In contrary, Astyanax aff. fasciatus, Corydoras ehrhardti, Geophagus brasiliensis, H. ancistroides and Phalloceros harpagos showed tolerance to impacted environments. The methods here employed allowed to identify and explain differences in the ichthyofauna structure, distinguishing the influence of spatial, temporal and human effects on the fish communities.  相似文献   

Resistance reaction to powdery mildew (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Erysiphe pisi</Emphasis>) in a germplasm collection of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lathyrus cicera</Emphasis> from Iberian origin     

M. C. Vaz Patto  M. Fernández-Aparicio  A. Moral  D. Rubiales 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(7):1517-1521

Several Lathyrus species have a considerable potential as alternative pulses in sustainable dryland farming systems mainly due to their high tolerance to drought and disease resistance. Powdery mildew is a serious disease affecting several Lathyrus species. Little is known on the availability of resistance and the underlying resistance mechanisms against powdery mildew in the Lathyrus genus. The present study assessed and characterized the resistance reaction to powdery mildew, Erysiphe pisi, in a collection of Iberian Lathyrus cicera accessions. In general, a compatible reaction with no macroscopically visible necrosis was observed but accessions with reduced disease severity despite of a high infection type have also been identified. This Partial Resistance was in some accessions only expressed in the adult plant stage. The controlling genes of the Lathyrus resistance mechanisms can be of great interest not only for the Lathyrus improvement per se but also for related legume species, like field pea.  相似文献   

Screening species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pilocarpus</Emphasis> (Rutaceae) as sources of pilocarpine and other imidazole alkaloids     

Alexandra Christine Helena Frankland Sawaya  Boniek Gontijo Vaz  Marcos Nogueira Eberlin  Paulo Mazzafera 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2011,58(3):471-480

Plants of the Pilocarpus genus (Rutaceae) are popularly known as jaborandi and are the only source of pilocarpine, an imidazole alkaloid used in eye-drops for the treatment of glaucoma as well as for the stimulation of sweat and lachrymal glands. Alkaloid extracts from leaf samples of seven species of Pilocarpus, from the states of São Paulo and Maranhão in Brazil, were analyzed using HPLC–ESI–MS/MS. The samples contained between 0.88 ± 0.04 and 1.00 ± 0.14% of alkaloids in relation to the dry weight of their leaves, with significant differences in results (P ≤ 0.05) found only between Pilocarpus microphyllus planted in the state of Maranhão and Pilocarpus spicatus, Pilocarpus trachyllophus, Pilocarpus pennatifolius and Pilocarpus jaborandi; as well as between Pilocarpus spicatus and Pilocarpus racemosus. Pilocarpine was not found in P. spicatus, whereas in the other species it ranged from 2.6 ± 0.1 to 70.8 ± 1.2% of total alkaloids. P. microphyllus planted in the state of Maranhão for pilocarpine extraction had the highest total alkaloid content, but it had only 35% of pilocarpine in relation to total alkaloids. Three other species contained more pilocarpine in relation to total alkaloids: P. jaborandi (70.8%), P. racemosus (45.6%) and P. trachyllophus (38.7%); and could be candidates for pilocarpine extraction. Differences in alkaloid content were significant for all these samples (P ≤ 0.05). Imidazole alkaloids were observed and partially characterized based on their retention times and high resolution mass. The seven species analyzed had different imidazole alkaloid profiles, but only one did not present quantifiable pilocarpine contents in its leaves. The Pilocarpus genus shows potential for the prospection of novel alkaloids.  相似文献   

Vaccine potential of a tick vitellin-degrading enzyme (VTDCE)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Seixas A  Leal AT  Nascimento-Silva MC  Masuda A  Termignoni C  da Silva Vaz I 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2008,124(3-4):332-340

VTDCE (Vitelin-Degrading Cysteine Endopeptidase) is a peptidase with an active role in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus embryogenesis. VTDCE is found in the tick's eggs and was shown to be the most active protein in vitellin (VT) hydrolysis of the three peptidases already characterized in R. microplus eggs (Boophilus Yolk pro-cathepsin (BYC), Tick Heme Binding Aspartic Proteinase (THAP) and VTDCE). VTDCE activity was assessed in vitro using the natural substrate and a synthetic substrate (N-Cbz-Phe-Arg-MCA). The activity was inhibited by anti-VTDCE antibodies. In the present study, it was shown that VTDCE acts differently from BYC and THAP in VT hydrolysis and that the vaccination of bovines with VTDCE induces a partial protective immune response against R. microplus infestation. Immunized bovines challenged with R. microplus larvae presented an overall protection of 21%, and a reduction in the weight of fertile eggs of 17.6% was observed. The data obtained indicate that VTDCE seems to be important for tick physiology, and that it induces partial protective immune response when inoculated in bovines. This suggests that VTDCE can be useful to improve the protective capacity observed for other antigens.  相似文献   

Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals of free‐living Red‐Tailed Amazon parrot (Amazona brasiliensis) nestlings on Rasa Island,Paraná, Brazil          下载免费PDF全文

Frederico F. Vaz  Rosangela Locatelli‐Dittrich  Olair C. Beltrame  Elenise A. B. Sipinski  Maria C. Abbud  Rafael M. Sezerban 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2016,45(4):615-622

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Genetic models for breed quality and navel development scores and its associations with growth traits in beef cattle     

A. A. Boligon  L. De Vargas  D. D. Silveira  V. M. Roso  G. S. Campos  R. Z. Vaz  F. R. P. Souza 《Tropical animal health and production》2016,48(8):1679-1684

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Molecular epidemiology of bluetongue virus in Portugal during 2004-2006 outbreak   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Barros SC  Ramos F  Luís TM  Vaz A  Duarte M  Henriques M  Cruz B  Fevereiro M 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,124(1-2):25-34

After 44 years of epidemiological silence, bluetongue virus (BTV) was reintroduced in Portugal in the autumn of 2004. The first clinical cases of bluetongue disease (BT) were notified in sheep farms located in the South of Portugal, close to the Spanish border. A total of six BTV, five of serotype 4 and one of serotype 2 were isolated from sheep and cattle during the 2004-2006 epizootics. The nucleotide sequence of gene segments L2, S7 and S10 of BTV-4 prototype strain (BTV4/22045/PT04) obtained from the initial outbreak and of BTV-2 (BTV2/26629/PT05) was fully determined and compared with those from other parts of the world. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that BTV4/22045/PT04 is related to other BTV-4 strains that circulate in the Mediterranean basin since 1998, showing the highest identity (99%) with BTV-4 isolates of 2003 from Sardinia and Corsica, whereas BTV2/26629/PT05 is almost indistinguishable from the Onderstepoort BTV-2 live-attenuated vaccine strain and its related field strain isolated in Italy. Since live-attenuated BTV-2 vaccine was never used in Portugal, the isolation of this strain may represent a natural circulation of the vaccine virus used in other countries in Mediterranean Europe.  相似文献   

Maize participatory breeding in Portugal: Comparison of farmer's and breeder's on‐farm selection          下载免费PDF全文

Pedro Mendes‐Moreira  Zlatko Satovic  João Mendes‐Moreira  João Pedro Santos  João Pedro Nina Santos  Silas Pêgo  Maria Carlota Vaz Patto 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(6):861-871

“VASO” is a Portuguese participatory maize breeding project (1984), where several maize landraces such as “Pigarro” have been selected both by a farmer's (phenotypic recurrent selection) and a breeder's approach (S2 lines recurrent selection). The objectives of this study were to determine the phenotypic and genotypic responses to participatory selection using these two different approaches, to clarify to which extent both selection methods preserve genetic diversity, and conclude what is the preferred method to apply in sustainable farming systems. The results, obtained via ANOVA, regression analyses and molecular markers, indicate that for both selection methods, genetic diversity was not significantly reduced, even with the most intensive breeder's selection. Although there were some common outputs, such as the determinated versus indeterminated ears, cob and ear weight ratio per ear and rachis 2, specific phenotypic traits evolved in opposite directions between the two selection approaches. Yield increase was only detected during farmer selection, indicating its interest on PPB. Candidate genes were identified for a few of the traits under selection as potential functional markers in participatory plant breeding.  相似文献   

Pathological assessment of exotic channel catfish infected by South American Anodontites trapesialis from Brazilian fish farm          下载免费PDF全文

Gustavo Moraes Ramos Valladão  Santiago Benites De Pádua  Nycolas Levy‐Pereira  Thaís Heloísa Vaz Farias  Fabiana Pilarski 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3975-3979

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Marine ornamental fish imports in the European Union: an economic perspective          下载免费PDF全文

Miguel Costa Leal  Marcela Carraro Melo Vaz  João Puga  Rui Jorge Miranda Rocha  Chris Brown  Rui Rosa  Ricardo Calado 《Fish and Fisheries》2016,17(2):459-468

The marine ornamental fish trade (MOFT) is a worldwide industry that targets a remarkable quantity and diversity of reef fish species and provides an important source of revenue for exporting countries, particularly developing nations in Southeast Asia. Here we provide, for the first time, an economic assessment of the MOFT to the European Union (EU), one of the key players of the marine aquarium trade, along with the USA and Japan. Data from EUROSTAT (the European Statistical System) was analysed for the MOFT between 2000 and 2011. Results show that this industry was not affected by the economic crisis and accounted for a total of 135 million Euros during the study period. Both the UK and Indonesia have been reinforcing their importance as leading importer and exporter countries, respectively. The long‐term temporal pattern of the MOFT by EU and non‐EU countries is described, as well as its diversity and evenness between importing and exporting countries. The present economic assessment also identifies the key players of this industry, and ultimately contributes to management and conservation practices that may enhance the sustainable use of world's coral reefs.  相似文献