A goat mortality study in the southern North Island     

Buddle BM  Herceg M  Ralston MJ  Pulford HD  Millar KR  Elliott DC 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1988,36(4):167-170

A study was undertaken to indicate the importance of different causes of death in goats and to investigate the management factors which influence these problems. Over a 15 month period, 324 dead goats were received from 67 farms in the Horowhenua, Wairarapa, Wanganui and Wellington regions. Although a wide range of diseases was encountered in the study, the major causes of mortality could be divided into 4 groups: problems directly related to management, microbial diseases, nematode parasitism, and trace element related deficiencies and toxicities. The highest proportion of deaths related directly to management problems and included deaths from hypothermia, mismothering, premature birth, ruminal acidosis, pregnancy toxaemia, trauma, and plant and chemical toxicities. In larger flocks, microbial diseases including Pasteurella pneumonia and yersiniosis were major problems. Deaths from nematode parasitism were predominantly observed in goats 12 months of age and older. White muscle disease (selenium/vitamin E deficiency) was the major trace element deficiency causing death in goats. The influence of factors including age of goat, flock size and management practices on the major causes of death are discussed.  相似文献   

Effects of local anaesthesia of 4 to 8 hours duration on the acute cortisol response to scoop dehorning in calves   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

CM McMEEKAN  DJ MELLOR  KJ STAFFORD  RA BRUCE  RN WARD  NG GREGORY 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(4):281-285

Objective To determine the effect of a long-acting local anaesthetic on the plasma cortisol response in calves dehorned using a scoop.
Design A physiological study with controls.
Procedure Seventy female calves, 3 to 4 months old, were divided into seven groups and dehorned by scoop with or without a long acting local anaesthetic (bupivacaine) which provides local anaesthesia for 3 to 4 h. In some treatment groups the local anaesthetic was given a second time, after 4 h, to give 8 h of anaesthesia. Blood samples were taken before and for 9 h after treatment and plasma cortisol concentrations were measured.
Results Scoop dehorning caused a marked rise in plasma cortisol concentration, which returned to pre-dehorning values after 7 h. The cortisol concentrations of calves given bupiva-caine were similar to those of control animals for 4 h after dehorning, but then a significant and protracted rise occurred, with concentrations returning to pretreatment values at about 9 h after dehorning. In calves given a second treatment of bupivacaine 4 h after dehorning, the plasma cortisol concentration remained similar to control values for 8 h after dehorning but then increased sharply.
Conclusions During its period of activity long-acting local anaesthetic prevented the rise usually seen after scoop dehorning in plasma cortisol concentrations; by inference it also alleviated the pain-induced distress caused by this procedure. However, when its effects had worn off the plasma cortisol values rose sharply indicating that animals still experienced pain-induced distress despite local anaesthetic being administered.  相似文献   

Experimental respiratory infection of goats with caprine herpesvirus and Pasteurella haemolytica     

Buddle BM  Pfeffer A  Cole DJ  Pulford HD  Ralston MJ 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1990,38(1):22-27

Groups of six male goats were inoculated intratracheally and intranasally with either caprine herpesvirus followed 6 days later by Pasteurella haemolytica, canine herpesvirus alone or P. haemolytica alone. Pneumonic lesions were observed in five of the six goats inoculated with caprine herpesvirus followed by P. haemolytica and in three of the six goats inoculated with P. haemolytica alone, but were not observed in goats inoculated with caprine herpesvirus alone or in non-infected controls. Pasteurella haemolytica was isolated from seven of eight lungs with pneumonia, but only from one of sixteen lungs without pneumonia. The lesions ranged from fatal acute exudative necrotising pneumonia to predominantly proliferative pneumonia. Half of the caprine herpesvirus-inoculated goats developed a clinical catarrhal rhinitis five days post-inoculation and the only virus-specific histopathological lesion was a mild tracheitis. Canine herpesvirus was recovered from the nasal swabs of all caprine herpesvirus- inoculated goats developed a clinical catarrhal rhinitis five days post-inoculation and the only virus-specific histopathological lesion was a mild tracheitis. Canine herpesvirus was recovered from the nasal swabs of all canine herpesvirus-inoculated goats and from the lungs of three goats inoculated with caprine herpesvirus alone. The experimental inoculations demonstrated that P. haemolytica alone can produce pneumonia in goats. In addition, the study showed that caprine herpesvirus readily proliferates in the upper respiratory tract and lungs of goats but the role of caprine herpesvirus in the aetiology of pneumonia remains uncertain.  相似文献   

A caprine pneumonia outbreak associated with caprine herpesvirus and Pasteurella haemolytica respiratory infections     

Buddle BM  Pfeffer A  Cole DJ  Pulford HD  Ralston MJ 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1990,38(1):28-31

In a field disease outbreak, 60 female goats died over a 2-3 week period. Necropsies of seven of these does revealed that six had an acute exudative necrotising broncho-pneumonia, and moderate to high numbers of Pasteurella haemolytica were isolated from their lungs. Caprine herpesvirus, identified as Bovid herpesvirus type 6, was isolated from the lungs of two of these does, including one with pneumonia, and from nasal swabs of in-contact goats. Clinical disease was only observed in does, and deaths began 3 weeks after the introduction of a mob of goat hoggets from another farm.  相似文献   

Investigation of the index case herd and identification of the genotypes of Theileria orientalis associated with outbreaks of bovine anaemia in New Zealand in 2012     

DJ Pulford  AMJ McFadden  JS Hamilton  J Donald 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2016,64(1):21-28

CASE HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: On 7 September 2012 the Ministry for Primary Industries was notified of a dairy cow with regenerative anaemia (haematocrit (HCT) 0.08?L/L) in a herd of 465 Jersey-Friesian cross cows (index case herd) in the Northland region of New Zealand. Organisms consistent with Theileria spp. were present in red blood cells on a blood smear. No other causes of anaemia were detected following examination of affected cows. Blood samples collected from 29 randomly selected cows on 26 September 2012 showed that 24 (83%) were anaemic (HCT≤0.24 L/L) and therefore fitted the case definition for bovine anaemia associated with Theileria orientalis infection.

LABORATORY FINDINGS: Using a T. orientalis type-specific PCR assay that targeted the single subunit rRNA gene, all of six animals tested were positive for T. orientalis type Ikeda. Blood samples collected from clinically affected cattle in 11 subsequent outbreaks from throughout the North Island showed that T. orientalis Ikeda type was a common finding, but mixed infections with Chitose type were also identified. In addition, using a PCR assay that targeted the major piroplasm surface gene, T. orientalis type 5 was detected in one cow from the Waikato region.

DIAGNOSIS: The presence of T. orientalis type Ikeda, as well as type 5, was confirmed in cattle from outbreaks of bovine anaemia in herds throughout the North Island of New Zealand.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Two new types of T. orientalis were identified in this investigation, that were associated with a sudden rise in cases of bovine anaemia. The body of evidence showed that the Ikeda type was implicated as the cause of disease observed in this epidemic.  相似文献   

Atypical scrapie in Australia          下载免费PDF全文

RW Cook  J Bingham  AS Besier  CL Bayley  M Hawes  PL Shearer  M Yamada  J Bergfeld  DT Williams  DJ Middleton 《Australian veterinary journal》2016,94(12):452-455

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Physiology and Behaviour of Animal Suffering By Gregory NG     

DJ Mellor 《Australian veterinary journal》2006,84(12):430-430

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Experimental Hendra virus infection of dogs: virus replication,shedding and potential for transmission          下载免费PDF全文

DJ Middleton  S Riddell  R Klein  R Arkinstall  J Haining  L Frazer  C Mottley  R Evans  D Johnson  J Pallister 《Australian veterinary journal》2017,95(1-2):10-18

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Comparative effectiveness of selected adsorbant materials as potential amendments for the remediation of lead-, copper- and zinc-contaminated soil   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Olayinka I.  Nwachukwu & Ian D.  Pulford 《Soil Use and Management》2008,24(2):199-207

Bonemeal, coir, compost, green waste compost, peat and wood bark all potentially could be used as amendments to remediate heavy metal contamination in soils. Their ability to sorb Pb, Cu and Zn was evaluated in the laboratory, using metal solutions ranging from 0 to 5 mmol/L as contaminants. The effects on sorption of metal concentration, background salt concentration and metal competition were evaluated. Single metal sorption by the six amendments was significantly different at metal concentrations of 1.5–5 mmol/L, with green waste compost, coir, compost and wood bark having the highest capacities to adsorb Pb, Cu and Zn. Langmuir sorption maxima were approximately 87 mg Pb/g (coir and green waste compost), 30 mg Cu/g (compost and green waste compost) and 13 mg Zn/g (compost and green waste compost) (equivalent to approx. 0.5 mmol/g of Pb and Cu, and 0.2 mmol/g Zn), all in a background solution of 0.001 M Ca(NO₃)₂. A higher background salt concentration and a combination of all three metals led to significant reduction in the amounts of Pb, Cu and Zn sorbed by all the amendments tested. Competing heavy metal cations in solution decreased Pb sorption to about 50–60% of that from a solution containing Pb alone; Cu sorption was reduced to about 30–40%; the effect of competition on Zn sorption was variable. Overall, in both single metal and competitive sorption, the order of strength of binding was Pb>Cu>>Zn.  相似文献   

Room temperature-operating spin-valve transistors formed by vacuum bonding     

DJ Monsma  R Vlutters  JC Lodder 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,281(5375):407-409

Functional integration between semiconductors and ferromagnets was demonstrated with the spin-valve transistor. A ferromagnetic multilayer was sandwiched between two device-quality silicon substrates by means of vacuum bonding. The emitter Schottky barrier injected hot electrons into the spin-valve base. The collector Schottky barrier accepts only ballistic electrons, which makes the collector current very sensitive to magnetic fields. Room temperature operation was accomplished by preparing Si-Pt-Co-Cu-Co-Si devices. The vacuum bonding technique allows the realization of many ideas for vertical transport devices and forms a permanent link that is useful in demanding adhesion applications.  相似文献