Evaluation of the effect of mesotherapy in the management of back pain in police working dog     

João CA. Alves  Ana MMP. dos Santos  Ângelo DP. Fernandes 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(1):123-128

Objective

To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of mesotherapy in dogs compared with a positive control group.

Study design

Experimental, randomized, blinded study.

Animals

Fifteen working police dogs with chronic back pain.

Methods

Animals were divided randomly into control (CG; n = 5) and treatment groups (TG; n = 10). A combination of 140 mg lidocaine, 15 mg dexamethasone and 20 mg thiocolchicoside was administered to group TG along with a 70-day course of a placebo, administered as if it was carprofen. Carprofen was administered to Group CG for 70 days, at a dose adjusted to their weight. On day 0, an intradermal injection of Ringer’s lactate was also administered. Both groups were rested for 3 days and resumed normal activity over a 5-day period. Response to treatment, measured by the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI) and the Hudson Visual Analogue Scale (HVAS), was evaluated before treatment (T0), after 15 days (T1) and 1 (T2), 2 (T3), 3 (T4), 4 (T5) and 5 (T6) months. Results were compared using a Mann–Whitney test or a paired samples t test.

Results

When comparing CBPI results, no differences were found between groups TG and CG at T0 through T3 and in T6 and T7. Differences were observed in CBPI sections after the discontinuation of carprofen: at T4 [p = 0.02 for Pain Interference Score (PIS) and p = 0.03 for Pain Severity Score (PSS)] and T5 (p = 0.16 for PIS and p = 0.03 for PSS), with group TG having overall better results. Individual treatment results were considered successful in one dog of group CG (20%), whereas in group TG, success was higher (ranging from 78% at T1 to 22% at T7). No significant differences were registered with the HVAS.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Mesotherapy may be a promising treatment option for canine musculoskeletal-related pain. Further studies are required.  相似文献   

A demographic survey of unwanted horses in Ireland 2005-2010     

DP Leadon  Dylan O’Toole  Vivienne E Duggan 《Irish veterinary journal》2012,65(1):1-11

Background

The Irish Horse Industry expanded during the Celtic Tiger boom years, then contracted in the current economic recession. High value horses were traditionally controlled through sale at public auction, private sales and sales to dealers; these are now also being reduced by decreases in production (> 40%), and increases in retirement, re-homing, euthanasia and disposal through Category 2 plants and abattoirs. The absence or banning of horse abattoirs has been shown to have very significant welfare social and economic consequences in the USA. This study described the currently available data on the demographics of unwanted horses in Ireland from 2005 to 2010.

Results

The majority of horses euthanised by practicing veterinarians are destroyed on medical grounds but the number euthanised at the request of welfare groups and the state, as well as welfare related calls and the number of horses involved in these calls and subsequent visits is increasing reflecting the increasing involvement of the veterinary profession in equine welfare. Welfare groups have limited resources and do not have a tradition of recording data, but they too have reported increasing calls, visits and numbers of horses per visit. Welfare groups provide significant service to equine welfare and the community. Local Authorities report similar trends. Over 300 horses were found dead or required immediate or subsequent euthanasia following welfare group and local authority visits in 2010, which is of national concern. The majority of local authority interfaces with unwanted horses are with urban (60%) rather than rural (40%) horses. Mortality figures are poor indicators of non-fatal neglect. More horses were admitted into the care of local authorities than welfare groups, reflecting significant state and taxpayer investment in the control of low value horses. Category 2 plants and abattoirs represent a significant state investment in licensing and control in the national interest. Abattoirs provide an increasingly important and essential service for the disposal of unwanted horses. Despite the increase in unwanted horses, Ireland is a minority contributor to the EU slaughter total.

Conclusions

There is a need for annual demographic data compilation and review of the numbers of unwanted horses and ponies within the horse industry to assist policy makers and legislators.  相似文献   

Farm management factors associated with bulk tank total bacterial count in Irish dairy herds during 2006/07     

Kelly P  O'Sullivan K  Berry D  More S  Meaney W  O'Callaghan E  O'Brien B 《Irish veterinary journal》2009,62(1):36-42

Research has shown that total bacterial count (TBC), which is the bacterial growth per ml of milk over a fixed period of time, can be decreased by good hygiene and farm management practices. The objective of the current study was to quantify the associations between herd management factors and bulk tank TBC in Irish spring calving, grass-based dairy herds. The relationship between bulk tank TBC and farm management and infrastructure was examined using data from 400 randomly selected Irish dairy farms where the basal diet was grazed grass. Herd management factors associated with bulk tank TBC were identified using linear models with herd annual total bacterial score (i.e., arithmetic mean of the natural logarithm of bulk tank TBC) included as the dependent variable. All herd management factors were individually analysed in a separate regression model, that included an adjustment for geographical location of the farm. A multiple stepwise regression model was subsequently developed. Median bulk tank TBC for the sample herds was 18,483 cells/ml ranging from 10,441 to 130,458 cells/ml. Results from the multivariate analysis indicated that the following management practices were associated with low TBC; use of heated water in the milking parlour; participation in a milk recording scheme; and tail clipping of cows at a frequency greater than once per year. Increased level of hygiene of the parlour and cubicles were also associated with lower TBC. Herd management factors associated with bulk tank TBC in Irish grazing herds were generally in agreement with most previous studies from confinement systems of milk production.  相似文献   

COMPARISON OF FLAT-PANEL DIGITAL TO CONVENTIONAL FILM-SCREEN RADIOGRAPHY IN DETECTION OF EXPERIMENTALLY CREATED LESIONS OF THE EQUINE THIRD METACARPAL BONE     

VALERIE J. MOORMAN  JOHN F. MARSHALL  DUSTIN V. DEVINE  MARK PAYTON  HENRY W. JANN  ROBERT BAHR 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2009,50(6):577-583

Radiographic diagnosis of equine bone disease using digital radiography is prevalent in veterinary practice. However, the diagnostic quality of digital vs. conventional radiography has not been compared systematically. We hypothesized that digital radiography would be superior to film-screen radiography for detection of subtle lesions of the equine third metacarpal bone. Twenty-four third metacarpal bones were collected from horses euthanized for reasons other than orthopedic disease. Bones were dissected free of soft tissue and computed tomography was performed to ensure that no osseous abnormalities were present. Subtle osseous lesions were produced in the dorsal cortex of the third metacarpal bones, and the bones were radiographed in a soft tissue phantom using indirect digital and conventional radiography at standard exposures. Digital radiographs were printed onto film. Three Diplomates of the American College of Veterinary Radiology evaluated the radiographs for the presence or absence of a lesion. Receiver operator characteristic curves were constructed, and the area under these curves were compared to assess the ability of the digital and film-screen radiographic systems to detect lesions. The area under the ROC curves for film-screen and digital radiography were 0.87 and 0.90, respectively ( P =0.59). We concluded that the digital radiographic system was comparable to the film-screen system for detection of subtle lesions of the equine third metacarpal bone.  相似文献   

Infection of oats and other cereals by oat chlorotic stunt virus in the field and laboratory     

N. BOONHAM  V. HARJU  K. R. WOOD  & C. M. HENRY 《Plant pathology》1997,46(5):795-799

During 1992/1993 and 1994/1995, field experiments were carried out to investigate the infection of several cultivars of oats, other cereals and grasses, with oat chlorotic stunt virus (OCSV), which is provisionally identified as a member of the Tombusviridae . Under field conditions a high percentage of oat plants became infected when sown in infested soil and there was little difference in susceptibility between the oat cultivars compared. Although plants of other Poaceae such as winter wheat, winter barley and annual meadow grass also became infected, the percentage was low and the virus titre reached was much lower than in oats. In most infected plants the virus was localized within the roots, and only in a few plants did it spread systemically. This suggests that the virus was acquired through the roots, indicating further similarities between OCSV and members of the Tombusviridae . Several cereals, including oats, wheat, barley and maize, were infected by mechanical inoculation using an embryo-wounding technique; in the majority of cases virus infection only reached a low titre.  相似文献   

Arthrographic Analysis of Communication between the Tarsometatarsal and Distal Intertarsal Joints of the Horse     

ANN E. KRAUS-HANSEN DVM    HENRY W. JANN DVM  MS  Dipiomate ACVS    DAVID V. KERR DVM  GUSTAVE E. FACKELMAN DVM  DMedVet  Dipiomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1992,21(2):139-144

The intra-articular anatomy of 103 equine tarsi was studied by contrast radiography with image intensification and computerized tomography. There was communication between the tarsometatarsal and distal intertarsal joints in 21 of 55 (38%) interpretable tarsometatarsal arthrograms, and in 11 of 48 (23%) interpretable distal intertarsal arthrograms. The difference was not significant. The volume of contrast agent and the pressure of injection did not correlate with communication. Forced injection caused subcutaneous leakage of contrast medium but not communication. Communication occurred via the tarsal canal and the space between the third and the combined first and second tarsal bones. Injection of the distal intertarsal joint from the dorsomedial aspect of the limb, distal to the palpable distal border of the medial branch of the tendon of the tibialis cranialis muscle and between the central, third, and combined first and second tarsal bones, provided reliable access except in the presence of severe periosteal proliferations.  相似文献   

Changes in Plasma Concentrations of LH, FSH, Estradiol 17-β and Progesterone During Oestrus in Mithun (Bos frontalis)     

A Dhali  DP Mishra  A Mech  M Karunakaran  H Choudhury  K Khate  C Rajkhowa 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2006,41(2):162-168

The objective of the present study was to establish the changes in plasma concentrations of LH, FSH, estradiol 17-beta (E2) and progesterone (P4), as well as to understand their temporal relationships during oestrus in mithun (Bos frontalis). The experiment was conducted on 11 mithuns during third or fourth postpartum oestrous cycle. Since oestrus onset the jugular vein blood samples were collected every 2 h for 72 and 96 h, respectively from the animals without and with standing heat. The LH, FSH, E2 and P4 concentrations were estimated in plasma. The P4 concentration was fluctuated throughout the oestrus period and the average P4 concentration was found significantly (p<0.05) lower on the day of oestrus onset. The multiple rises in LH and FSH concentrations above the basal level in spike like fashion were observed throughout the oestrus period irrespective of the occurrence of standing heat. A significant (p<0.01) gradual increase in the average daily E2 concentration was observed till day 2 following oestrus onset irrespective of the occurrence of standing heat. A significant (p<0.05) simultaneous increase in LH, FSH and E2 concentrations and a transient increase in P4 concentration at approximately the time of standing heat onset were observed. During investigation a definite temporal coupling between LH and FSH rises was absent throughout the oestrus period. The results suggest that (1) the multiple short-duration low-amplitude LH and FSH surges during oestrus may be crucial for the final maturation of ovulatory follicle and subsequent ovulation in mithun; (2) a differential mechanism for controlling LH and FSH secretions probably exists in mithun.  相似文献   

Validation of ultrasonography in detecting structural disease of the urogenital tract of the koala,Phascolarctos cinereus     

C Marschner  C Flanagan  DP Higgins  MB Krockenberger 《Australian veterinary journal》2014,92(5):177-178

A retrospective review of case records of ultrasonography and necropsy outcomes of 62 koalas was used to investigate the accuracy of ultrasonography in assessing koala urogenital tract structural disease at the Port Macquarie Koala Hospital. The results showed high concordance, supporting ultrasonography as an effective tool for evaluating structural disease of the koala urogenital tract, most commonly seen with chlamydiosis. The study also illustrates the advances benefiting animal welfare that can be made by wildlife carer groups through using a scientific, evidence‐based approach.  相似文献   

An indwelling arterial needle for use in the radial artery     

HENRY JP  GREELEY PO 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1946,104(2700):299-300

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Regional Innovation Systems: Implications for Nonmetropolitan Areas and Workers in the South     

DAVID L. BARKLEY  ARK S. HENRY  SANTOSH NAIR 《Growth and change》2006,37(2):278-306

ABSTRACT A public policy response to global competition is the creation of a geographic concentration of innovative activity (regional innovation systems [RIS]) that will enhance metropolitan economic development through knowledge spillovers, product development, and new firm spin‐offs. This article identifies three types of RIS in the thirteen southern states based on a cluster analysis of twenty indicators of innovative and entrepreneurial activity. Next, regression analysis is used to determine if the 1990–2000 growth rates of nonmetro county population, employment, and earnings were related to proximity to an RIS after controlling for other county characteristics associated with local economic development. The research findings indicate that nonmetro counties near an RIS experienced more rapid population and employment growth; however, changes in nonmetro growth rates varied by type of regional innovation system. In addition, proximity to an RIS had a stronger impact on nonmetro population change than on nonmetro job growth.  相似文献