Effect of microbial phytase on energy availability,and lipid and protein deposition in growing swine   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Shelton JL  Southern LL  Bidner TD  Persica MA  Braun J  Cousins B  McKnight F 《Journal of animal science》2003,81(8):2053-2062

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of phytase on energy availability in pigs. In Exp. 1, barrows (initial and final BW of 26 and 52 kg) were allotted to four treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Corn-soybean meal (C-SBM) diets were fed at two energy levels (2.9 and 3.2 x maintenance [M]) with and without the addition of 500 phytase units/kg of diet. The diets contained 115% of the requirement for Ca, available P (aP), and total lysine, and Ca and aP were decreased by 0.10% in diets with added phytase. Pigs were penned individually and fed daily at 0600 and 1700, and water was available constantly. Eight pigs were killed and ground to determine initial body composition. At the end of Exp. 1, all 48 pigs were killed for determination of carcass traits and protein and fat content by total-body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) analysis. Six pigs per treatment were ground for chemical composition. In Exp. 2, 64 barrows and gilts (initial and final BW of 23 and 47 kg) were allotted to two treatments (C-SBM with 10% defatted rice bran or that diet with reduced Ca and aP and 500 phytase units/kg of diet), with five replicate pens of barrows and three replicate pens of gilts (four pigs per pen). In Exp. 1, ADG was increased (P < 0.01) in pigs fed at 3.2 x M. Based on chemical analyses, fat deposition, kilograms of fat, retained energy (RE) in the carcass and in the carcass + viscera, fat deposition in the organs, and kilograms of protein in the carcass were increased (P < 0.10) in pigs fed the diets at 3.2 vs. 2.9 x M. Based on TOBEC analysis, fat deposition, percentage of fat increase, and RE were increased (P < 0.09) in pigs fed at 3.2 x M. Plasma urea N concentrations were increased in pigs fed at 3.2 x M with no added phytase but were not affected when phytase was added to the diet (phytase x energy, P < 0.06). Fasting plasma glucose measured on d 28, ultrasound longissimus muscle area (LMA), and 10th-rib fat depth were increased (P < 0.08) in pigs fed phytase, but many other response variables were numerically affected by phytase addition. In Exp. 2, phytase had no effect (P > 0.10) on ADG, ADFI, gain:feed, LMA, or 10th-rib fat depth. These results suggest that phytase had small, mostly nonsignificant effects on energy availability in diets for growing pigs; however, given that phytase increased most of the response variables measured, further research on its possible effects on energy availability seems warranted.  相似文献   

Histochemical Properties of Fast Twitch Muscle in the Rat     

G. D. Edjtehadi  DV. V. M.  Ph. D. 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》1981,10(2):118-124

A histochemical study of muscle fibers comprising the extensor digitorum longus muscle of adult female Wistar rats was carried out in which Acid ATPase, Alkaline ATPase, Phosphorylase and SDHase determinations were used to classify muscle fibers. On the basis of Alkaline and Acid ATPase determinations three classes of muscle fibers were determined, Dark, Intermediate and Light, respectively. On the basis of Phosphorylase and SDHase, two classes of muscle fibers were found, classed as Dark and Light fibers. Therefore fibers could be identified within the muscle of 13 different types. An analysis of the muscle on this basis is compared with that of other muscles in the rat and with muscles of other species studied with either cytochemical or physiological techniques.  相似文献   

Use of BACTEC radiometric culture method and polymerase chain reaction for the rapid screening of faeces and tissues for Mycobacterium paratuberculosis   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

DV COUSINS  RJ EVANS  BR FRANCIS 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(12):458-462

SUMMARY The BACTEC radiometric culture method for detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was evaluated on faeces from cattle on a farm in quarantine for Johne's disease. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on the IS900 sequence specific for M paratuberculosis and a genus specific 16S rRNA region was developed and used to test cultures showing evidence of mycobacterial growth in the BACTEC liquid radiometric culture medium. Using the BACTEC - PCR combination, confirmation of M paratuberculosis from faeces and tissue of clinically affected animals was achieved within 2 to 4 weeks and 1 week, respectively, a substantial improvement on traditional culture and identification methods. The PCR provided rapid exclusion of M paratuberculosis when other Mycobacterium spp were grown. The radiometric culture medium proved to be very sensitive for culturing Mycobacterium spp.  相似文献   

以组织锌、金属硫蛋白及其基因表达指标评价肉仔鸡对锌源的相对生物学利用率   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

曹家银  罗绪刚  S.R.Davis  P.R.Henry  R.J.Cousins  R.D.Miles  C.B.Ammerman 《畜牧兽医学报》2003,34(3):227-231

研究了有机锌源和无机锌源条件下肉仔鸡组织中金属硫蛋白(MT)的基因表达。在肉仔鸡饲粮中以锌蛋白盐或硫酸锌形式添加锌200mg/kg饲喂6d或12d,比较肝、小肠MT和MTmRNA与骨锌作为评价锌源利用率的指标。3种指标均随锌量的增加而增加(P<0 001)。以骨锌为指标,锌蛋白盐的相对生物利用率为124%。此值在一定范围内类似于以几种组织MT和MTmRNA水平为指标的测定结果,对于肉仔鸡,MT基因的调控可能是评价锌相对生物利用率的敏感指标。这种方法可减少试验所需的时间和动物数量。  相似文献   

The Effect of Oxidative Stress on Thawed Bulk‐Sorted Red Deer Sperm          下载免费PDF全文

L Anel‐López  O García‐Álvarez  I Parrilla  D Del Olmo  MR Fernández‐Santos  AJ Soler  A Maroto‐Morales  JA Ortiz  DV Alkmin  T Tarantini  J Roca  EA Martínez  JM Vazquez  JJ Garde 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(3):407-414

The aims of this study were to assess the effects of the sex‐sorting process on post‐thaw sperm quality as well as on induced oxidative stress damage (H₂O₂ 0 mm  = H000; H₂O₂ 50 mm  = H050; H₂O₂ 100 mm  = H100) and the protective action of reduced glutathione (GSH) and Trolox, when comparing sorted (BSS) and non‐sorted (NS) red deer spermatozoa incubated at 37°C. Sperm samples from three stags were collected by electroejaculation and frozen. Immediately after thawing, sperm motility was higher (p < 0.05) for NS (59% ± 3.3) than BSS (36.9% ± 5.8) sperm. Furthermore, the percentage of apoptotic sperm was higher (p < 0.05) for BSS (21.6% ± 5.0) than NS sperm (14.6% ± 1.2). The presence of H₂O₂ increased DNA damage in NS (H000 = 4.1% ± 0.9; H050 = 9.3% ± 0.7; and H100 = 10.9% ± 2.3), but not in BSS sperm. However, in the presence of oxidant, GSH addition improved (p < 0.05) sperm motility in both groups of sperm samples as compared to their controls (NS: 44.5 ± 4.8 vs 21.1 ± 3.9 and BSS: 33.3 ± 8.1 vs 8.9 ± 1.8). These results demonstrate that the sperm‐sorting process induces sublethal effects, albeit selecting a sperm population with a chromatin more resistant to oxidative stress than that in non‐sorted sperm. Moreover, addition of GSH at 1 mm may be a good choice for maintaining the quality of stressed sperm samples, unlike Trolox, which inhibited sperm motility.  相似文献   

Disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection in a dog with chronic diarrhoea     

Horn B  Forshaw D  Cousins D  Irwin PJ 《Australian veterinary journal》2000,78(5):320-325

A 3-year-old Maltese-cross dog presented with a 4-month history of chronic diarrhoea and inappetence. Poorly regenerative anaemia, leukocytosis and hypoproteinaemia were evident on several occasions. Biopsies of stomach, duodenum and colon revealed marked infiltration of mucosae by macrophages containing many acid-fast bacilli. Similar organisms were numerous in a faecal smear. Melaena, hematochezia and severe abdominal pain developed and were unresponsive to therapy. Following euthanasia and necropsy, histiocytic cells containing acid-fast bacilli were found throughout the gastrointestinal tract, mesenteric and peripheral lymph nodes, spleen, liver, kidney and lungs. The organism was identified as Mycobacterium avium by bacterial culture and polymerase chain reaction testing.  相似文献   

Mycobacterial infection in an ostrich     

Doneley RJ  Gibson JA  Thorne D  Cousins DV 《Australian veterinary journal》1999,77(6):368-370

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Bending Characteristics of Polymethylmethacrylate Columns,Connecting Bars of Carbon Fiber,Titanium, and Stainless Steel Used in External Skeletal Fixation and an Acrylic Interface     

Pierre M. Amsellem DV  MS  Diplomate ACVS  Erick L. Egger DVM  Diplomate ACVS  Daniel L. Wilson Doct Vet  BS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2010,39(5):631-637

Objective: To (1) mechanically evaluate polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) columns of various sizes and compare them to connecting bar materials (carbon fiber composite, titanium, stainless steel) and (2) compare the properties of an intact PMMA column to those of an acrylic interface. Study Design: Experimental mechanical study. Sample Population: Experiment 1: 6 groups of 6 specimens each; experiment 2: 2 groups of 12 specimens each. Methods: All specimens were tested in 3‐point bending. Stiffness, yield strength, and ultimate strength values were calculated for each specimen. Results: PMMA 1 columns (23.25 mm) compared favorably to titanium or stainless‐steel bars. PMMA 3 columns (30.15 mm) and carbon fiber bars had similar yield strength but PMMA 3 columns were less stiff than carbon fiber bars. PMMA 3 columns had lower bending modulus and a higher variability in their mechanical properties than PMMA 1 or PMMA 2 (25.64 mm) columns. Acrylic interface specimens were less strong but as stiff as intact specimens. Conclusion: An acrylic interface was easily created and had acceptable biomechanical characteristics. Clinical Relevance: PMMA 2 and PMMA 3 columns are not recommended for clinical use at this time. Further tests are needed to analyze an acrylic patch in a more clinically relevant loading model.  相似文献   

Seismic evidence for an inner core transition zone   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

X Song  DV Helmberger 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,282(5390):924-927

Seismic waves that traverse Earth's inner core along north-south paths produce unusually broad pulse shapes at long periods (compared with waves along east-west paths) and reflections from below the inner core boundary at short periods. The observations provide compelling evidence for a seismic velocity discontinuity along north-south paths about 200 kilometers below the inner core boundary separating an isotropic upper inner core from an anisotropic lower inner core. The triplication associated with such a structure might be responsible for reported waveform complexity of short-period inner core arrivals along north-south paths and, if the depth of the boundary is laterally variable, their large travel-time variation.  相似文献   

Island biogeography theory outweighs habitat amount hypothesis in predicting plant species richness in small grassland remnants     

Jessica P. Lindgren  Sara A. O. Cousins 《Landscape Ecology》2017,32(9):1895-1906

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