Partitioning the Mortality Risk Associated with Inadequate Passive Transfer of Colostral Immunoglobulins in Dairy Calves     

Jeff W. Tyler  Dale D. Hancock  James G. Thorne  Clive C. Gay  John M. Gay 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1999,13(4):335-337

This study developed a method to partition the risk of mortality in dairy calves in the 1st 16 weeks of life. Observed population mortality and the relative risk of mortality in each serum protein concentration stratum were used to determine the population baseline mortality rate and the mortality rate due to inadequate passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulin. A total of 3,479 calves were studied, 8.2% of which died before 16 weeks of age. The population baseline mortality rate was 5.0% and the mortality rate due to inadequate passive transfer was 3.2%. Thirty-nine percent of the observed mortality was attributed to inadequate passive transfer. This partitioning of risk between passive transfer-related and unrelated sources should prove useful in conducting investigations of calf mortality problems in dairy herds.  相似文献   

Characterization and genetic diversity of Dioscorea bacilliform viruses present in a Pacific yam germplasm collection     

Amit C. Sukal  Dawit B. Kidanemariam  James L. Dale  Rob M. Harding  Anthony P. James 《Plant pathology》2020,69(3):576-584

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Assessment of pain associated with bovine respiratory disease and its mitigation with flunixin meglumine in cattle with induced bacterial pneumonia     

Miriam S Martin  Michael D Kleinhenz  Brad J White  Blaine T Johnson  Shawnee R Montgomery  Andrew K Curtis  Mikaela M Weeder  Dale A Blasi  Kelli M Almes  Raghu G Amachawadi  Harith M Salih  Matt D Miesner  Angela K Baysinger  Jason S Nickell  Johann F Coetzee 《Journal of animal science》2022,100(2)

Pleuritic chest pain from bacterial pneumonia is often reported in human medicine. However, studies investigating pain associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) are lacking. The objectives of this study were to assess if bacterial pneumonia elicits a pain response in calves with experimentally induced BRD and to determine the analgesic effects of transdermally administered flunixin. A total of 26 calves, 6–7 mo of age, with no history of BRD were enrolled into one of three treatment groups: 1) experimentally induced BRD + transdermal flunixin at 3.3 mg/kg twice, 24 h apart (BRD + FTD); 2) experimentally induced BRD + placebo (BRD + PLBO); and 3) sham induction + placebo (CNTL + PLBO). Calves induced with BRD were inoculated with Mannheimia haemolytica via bronchoalveolar lavage. Outcomes were collected from −48 to 192 h post-treatment and included serum cortisol, infrared thermography, mechanical nociceptive threshold, substance P, kinematic gait analysis, visual analog scale (VAS), clinical illness score, computerized lung score, average activity and rumination level, prostaglandin E₂ metabolite, plasma serum amyloid A, and rectal temperature. Outcomes were evaluated using either a generalized logistic mixed model for categorical variables or a generalized linear mixed model for continuous variables. Right front force differed by treatment (P = 0.01). The BRD + PLBO had lower mean force applied to the right front limb (85.5 kg) compared with BRD + FTD (96.5 kg; P < 0.01). Average VAS differed by a treatment by time interaction (P = 0.01). The VAS scores differed for BRD + PLBO at −48 (3.49 mm) compared with 168 and 192 h (13.49 and 13.64 mm, respectively) (P < 0.01). Activity for BRD + PLBO was higher at −48 h (27 min/h) compared with 48, 72, 120, and 168 h (≤ 22.24 min/h; P < 0.01). Activity differed by a treatment by time interaction (P = 0.01). Activity for BRD + FTD was higher at −48 and 0 h (28.2 and 28.2 min/h, respectively) compared to 48, 72, 96, and 168 h (≤23.7 min/h; P < 0.01). Results show a combination of reduced activity levels, decreased force on the right front limb, and increased VAS pain scores all support that bacterial pneumonia in cattle is painful. Differences in right front force indicate that flunixin transdermal may attenuate certain pain biomarkers in cattle with BRD. These findings suggest that BRD is painful and analgesic drugs may improve the humane aspects of care for cattle with BRD.  相似文献   

The characterization and classification of the Black River Upper Morass,Jamaica, using the three‐parameter test of vegetation,soils and hydrology     

Shakira Azan  Dale Webber 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2007,17(1):5-23

• 1. The characterization and classification of the Black River Upper Morass was conducted using the criteria of the three‐parameter test for vegetation, soils and hydrology at 14 sites within the study area.
• 2. The Upper Morass exhibited 71% hydrophytic vegetation typical of wetlands (vascular and non‐vascular plants including Cladium jamaicense, Phragmites australis, Typha angustifolia and Sagittaria lancifolia) and 29% vegetation atypical of wetlands.
• 3. The Upper Morass is classified as a Palustrine System with sub‐classes of Aquatic Bed and Persistent Emergent Wetland.
• 4. The presence throughout the Upper Morass of monoculture stands of the invasive species Eichhornia crassipes and Typha domingensis, which are known to invade disturbed or partially drained wetlands, confirmed that the study area was a disturbed ecosystem.
• 5. The Upper Morass exhibited hydric (flood‐water and groundwater) soils, which, in association with its temporarily flooded and saturated wetland hydrology, indicated that it is groundwater‐driven.
• 6. Application of the three‐parameter test indicated a linkage between the functions of the Upper Morass and the Lower Morass, and thus a need for conservation of the Black River Morass System as a single unit rather than two independent wetlands. Two key instruments of conservation will be further detailed ecological assessments and the implementation of a management plan.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献