Noninvasive ventilation in cats     

Judy E. Brown  DVM  MSc  ; Alexa M.E. Bersenas  DVM  MSc  DACVECC  ; Karol A. Mathews  DVM  DVSc  DACVECC    Carolyn L. Kerr  DVM  PhD  DVSc  DACVA 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2009,19(5):416-425

Objective – The primary objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) in cats. The secondary objective was to determine whether cardiovascular parameters and anesthetic drug requirements associated with noninvasive ventilation differ from those associated with invasive ventilation. Design – Randomized, cross‐over design. Setting – A research laboratory in a veterinary teaching hospital. Animals – Eight healthy adult cats, 3 intact females and 5 intact males, weighing between 3 and 6 kg, were used. Interventions – Each cat was randomly assigned to NIV via nasal mask, or invasive ventilation using an endotracheal tube. Mechanical ventilation was performed for 6 hours. Anesthesia was provided using continuous infusions of propofol and butorphanol. After a minimum 9‐day washout period, the procedure was repeated using the alternate ventilation interface. Measurements and Main Results – Cardiovascular parameters (heart rate, rectal temperature, direct arterial blood pressure), arterial blood gases, drug requirements, sedation score, and ventilation parameters, were monitored throughout the procedures. These values were evaluated using ANCOVA for repeated measures. All cats were effectively ventilated using NIV. There were no significant differences in cardiovascular parameters, drug requirements, or sedation scores between groups. Although PaCO₂ values did not differ, PaO₂ values were significantly higher in the invasively ventilated group. Inspiratory tidal volumes were similar between groups, whereas expiratory tidal volumes were significantly lower in the NIV group. Inspiratory pressures were significantly higher in the NIV group. Respiratory frequency was significantly higher in the invasively ventilated group. Conclusions – NIV of cats is possible. However, currently it does not confer any cardiovascular benefit over invasive ventilation and drug requirements are similar. Use of a correctly fitted mask is essential for successful NIV as air leaks account for the observed discrepancy between inspiratory and expiratory volumes. Further investigation into this modality is warranted.  相似文献   

Preliminary evaluation of hemostasis in neonatal foals using a viscoelastic coagulation and platelet function analyzer   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Barbara L. Dallap Schaer  VMD  DACVS  DACVECC  ; Pamela A. Wilkins  DVM  PhD  DACVIM  DACVECC  ; Ray Boston  MSc  PhD    Jon Palmer  VMD  DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2009,19(1):81-87

Objectives – To compare coagulation and platelet function parameters measured using a viscoelastic analyzer in 3 groups: foals presenting to a neonatal intensive care unit with presumed sepsis, normal foals, and adult horses. Design – Preliminary prospective trial. Setting – Veterinary teaching hospital. Animals – Ten clinically healthy foals, 13 clinically healthy adult horses, and 17 foals sequentially admitted for suspected sepsis. Intervention – A single citrated (3.8%) blood sample collected at admission was submitted for coagulation evaluation using a viscoelastic analyzer. Measurements and Main Results – Time to initial clot formation (ACT), clot rate (CR), platelet function, and time to peak parameters were collected from the signature generated with the associated software. Peak clot strength was collected manually from signature tracings. Signalment, presenting complaint, blood culture results, clinical progression, and outcome were collected from the medical record. Kruskal‐Wallis testing was used to determine differences in coagulation parameters between groups, as well as to identify any associations between coagulation variables, foal variables, and outcome. Normal foals were more likely to have increased platelet function (P=0.04) compared with normal adult horses. Prolonged ACT (P=0.004) and decreased CR (P=0.03) were associated with foals with positive blood culture. There was a trend toward prolonged ACT and increased likelihood of death (P=0.06). Conclusions – Healthy foals differ in values measured by the viscoelastic coagulation and platelet function analyzer compared with healthy adult horses. ACT and CR abnormalities were more likely to be observed in foals with positive blood cultures. The viscoelastic coagulation and platelet function analyzer may be useful in identifying early hemostasic and platelet dysfunction in critically ill foals, particularly those that are septic.  相似文献   

DYNAMIC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE NORMAL CANINE PITUITARY GLAND     

John P.  Graham  MVB  MSc  Gregory D.  Roberts  DVM  MS  Susan M.  Newell  DVM  MS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2000,41(1):35-40

The pituitary glands of six normal dogs were evaluated using dynamic magnetic resonance imaging. T1 weighted images were obtained every 13 seconds for three minutes of three contiguous slices through the pituitary gland following a bolus intravenous injection of gadolinium-DTPA. Contrast enhancement was seen initially in the region of the pituitary stalk at 52-65 seconds followed by uniform enhancement at 104-143 seconds post injection. This pattern of enhancement was seen in all subjects and is similar to that reported in humans.  相似文献   

NODULAR FAT NECROSIS IN THE FELINE AND CANINE ABDOMEN     

Tobias  Schwarz  MA  Dr. Med. Vet.  Federica  Morandi  DVM  Giacomo  Gnudi  Dr. Med. Vet.  Erik  Wisner  DVM  Calum  Paterson  MSc  Martin  Sullivan  BVMS  PhD  Pamela  Johnston  BVM&S  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2000,41(4):335-339

The radiographic appearance of nodular fat necrosis is described in ten cats and one dog. The most common radiographic sign was the presence of a focal mineralized circular to oval soft tissue mass in the abdominal fat as present in 9 cats. These masses had a distinct eggshell-like rim encapsulating the lesion. In one cat and one dog multiple masses were present, without radiographic signs of mineralization. Abdominal ultrasound was performed in three cats and one dog, findings included the presence of hyperechoic masses with associated acoustic shadowing, some with a hypoechoic centre. Almost all animals were old and obese. In three cats and one dog, changes were confirmed with biopsy or post mortem examination. Lesions having the appearance of those in this paper are most likely incidental findings and should not be confused with abdominal masses of neoplastic origin. Ultrasound can be helpful in identifying such lesions.  相似文献   

An investigation of the concentrations of selected Fusarium mycotoxins and the degree of mold contamination of field-dried hay     

BSc S.L. Raymond  MSc  PhD M. Heiskanen  BSc  MSc  PhD T.K. Smith  PhD M. Reiman  PhD S. Laitinen  BVSc  PhD A.F. Clarke 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2000,20(10)

The levels of selected mycotoxins and mold contamination of Ontario field-dried hay from 10 performance horse farms were examined. The farm owner, trainer or manager was questioned regarding their opinion of the quality of the hay. Half of the hay sampled showed potentially significant levels of mycotoxins, mold and actinomycete contamination. Subjective opinion did not correlate to objective analysis. Deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin), T 2 toxin and zearalenone were measured with vomitoxin present in the highest amounts. Vomitoxin is among the mycotoxins most frequently found as contaminants in cereal crops, in temperate climates, in North America. It can be concluded that the levels found in this study could potentially have an influence on the health of horses consuming such hay.  相似文献   

LOW-FIELD MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF BEAGLE BRAIN WITH A DEDICATED RECEIVER COIL     

Marjatta  Snellman  DVM  Dr.med.vet.  Judit  Benczik  DVM  Raimo  Joensuu  MSc  Usama Abo  Ramadan  MSc  Jukka  Tanttu  MSc  Sauli  Savolainen  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1999,40(1):36-39

A specially designed radio frequency receiver coil was used in a low-field-strength (0.1 T) magnetic resonance imager to improve the image quality of the Beagle brain. The aim was to obtain better distinction of anatomic details with a better signal-to-noise ratio in shorter imaging time. The spin-echo (TR/TE = 1200/100; TR is the repetition time and TE is the echo time in ms) brain images of three Beagles indicate that the new receiver coil can fulfill these goals.  相似文献   

Structure-taste relationships for disubstituted phenylsulfamate tastants using classification and regression tree (CART) analysis     

Spillane WJ  Kelly DP  Curran PJ  Feeney BG 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(16):5996-6004

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Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Fucoidan Extracts In Vitro     

Tauseef Ahmad  Mathew Suji Eapen  Muhammad Ishaq  Ah Young Park  Samuel S. Karpiniec  Damien N. Stringer  Sukhwinder Singh Sohal  J. Helen Fitton  Nuri Guven  Vanni Caruso  Rajaraman Eri 《Marine drugs》2021,19(12)

Fucoidans are sulfated, complex, fucose-rich polymers found in brown seaweeds. Fucoidans have been shown to have multiple bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory effects, and are known to inhibit inflammatory processes via a number of pathways such as selectin blockade and enzyme inhibition, and have demonstrated inhibition of inflammatory pathologies in vivo. In this current investigation, fucoidan extracts from Undaria pinnatifida, Fucus vesiculosus, Macrocystis pyrifera, Ascophyllum nodosum, and Laminaria japonica were assessed for modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in a human macrophage line (THP-1). Fucoidan extracts exhibited no signs of cytotoxicity in THP-1 cells after incubation of 48 h. Additionally, all fucoidan extracts reduced cytokine production in LPS stimulated PBMCs and human THP-1 cells in a dose-dependent fashion. Notably, the 5–30 kDa subfraction from Macrocystis pyrifera was a highly effective inhibitor at lower concentrations. Fucoidan extracts from all species had significant anti-inflammatory effects, but the lowest molecular weight subfractions had maximal effects at low concentrations. These observations on various fucoidan extracts offer insight into strategies that improve their efficacy against inflammation-related pathology. Further studies should be conducted to elucidate the mechanism of action of these extracts.  相似文献   

Constraints to farmers’ adoption of direct-seeding mulch-based cropping systems: A farm scale modeling approach applied to the mountainous slopes of Vietnam     

François Affholder  Damien Jourdain 《Agricultural Systems》2010,103(1):51-472

Substantial initiatives are under way in the tropical world to develop and promote direct-seeding mulch-based cropping systems (DMC) in order to reduce soil erosion and improve crop nutrient and water balances. DMC have been adopted by large-scale mechanized farmers, especially in America and Australia, but seldom by resource-poor farmers in the developing world. This study was conducted in Vietnam with the aim of evaluating the feasibility of farmers’ implementing DMC in a mountainous area. The method involved simulation of rational households maximizing their income subject to food security constraints and availability of resources. It generated insight into why farmers of a small region were reluctant to adopt DMC due to the extra labor and input required to implement these techniques during the first years, which hampers their economic performance. In another region, under different biophysical and economic environmental conditions, the study showed that DMC were more likely to be adopted provided that possible constraints at the community level are overcome. The method also allowed us to discuss the types of technical improvements that would make DMC more attractive to farmers. For most farm types, labor required by mulch establishment would have to be reduced by more than 30%. This would mean spreading much less biomass than the 7 t ha⁻¹ currently necessary, compromising the weed-control function of mulch. This would be technically feasible only by using herbicides but this would not be economically sound since it would increase cash requirements. The study showed that subsidies of 50 to more than 200 USD ha⁻¹ were necessary to enable the conversion of all conventionally managed sloping land into DMC in the simulations. These amounts are high relatively to gross margins (250-750 USD ha⁻¹) under conventional management.  相似文献