Vipera berus berus envenomation in dogs     

Nicola Bates BSc  BSc  MSc  MA  Nick Edwards BSc MCLIP  Kristin Opdal Seljetun DVM  Helga Ruus‐Lorentzen DVM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2014,24(2):133-133

  相似文献   

Moringa Oleifera—Establishment and Multiplication of Different Ecotypes In Vitro     

Nadja Förster MSc.  Inga Mewis  Christian Ulrichs 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2013,65(1):21-31

To obtain healthy plant material from Moringa oleifera regardless of season, weather, and degree of infestation, a procedure to establish an in vitro culture of M. oleifera from nodes using 0.2 % mercury chloride was developed. It was not possible to create an in vitro culture of M. oleifera from seeds. Nodes were cultivated on MS medium with different concentrations of benzylaminopurine (BAP) and agar contents to find the best conditions for rapid growth and optimum multiplication. The highest multiplication ability of the different plant parts, especially the base parts of M. oleifera in vitro plants, was observed after 3 weeks of cultivation on MS medium with 0.5 mg l^?1 BAP. Callus formation increases with increased BAP concentration (0, 0.5, 0.75, 1 mg l^?1 BAP). Furthermore, the use of two phytohormones, indole-3-acetic acid and thidiazuron—led to very strong callus formation of adaxial and abaxial orientated leaves on MS medium. This formation was only observed for material that was light induced for 24 h prior to cultivation under dark conditions. Analysis of the glucosinolate content of M. oleifera leaves revealed a different glucosinolate profile of plants cultivated in vitro and in soil beds in the greenhouse. Whereas in greenhouse leaves rhamnopyranosyloxy-benzyl glucosinolates were abundant, the precursor benzyl glucosinolate was found in in vitro cultures.  相似文献   

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis in the horse: an underdiagnosed condition?     

John E. Moore PhD  Motoo Matsuda PhD  Shizuo Yamamoto PhD  Thomas Buckley MSc  B. Cherie Millar PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2004,24(12):510-511

  相似文献   

Bone mineral content of the third metacarpal bone in Quarter Horse foals from birth to one year of age   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Peter Reichmann MD  Alessandro Moure MSc  Humberto Remigio Gamba MD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2004,24(9):391-396

Dual photon absorptiometry (DPA) is a valid method for bone mineral content (BMC) evaluation, but there are no reports on the use of this technology in in vivo studies in the horse. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the changes of BMC of the third metacarpal bone (MC3) in vivo in foals during their first year of life using DPA. The BMC of the MC3 of 41 Quarter Horse foals was evaluated every 4 weeks during their first year of life by DPA using a bienergetic Gadolinium-153 (¹⁵³Gd) source. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of an in vivo study of BMC in foals using DPA by means of a bienergetic ¹⁵³Gd source. The results demonstrated a positive correlation of age, heart girth, and withers height with BMC of the MC3 independent of gender and an exponential behavior of the BMC increment along the first year of life. There was an effect of weaning associated with change in diet and stall confinement on BMC in foals weaned at age 17 weeks, but not in foals weaned at age between 19 and 24 weeks.  相似文献   

Feeding and microbial disorders in horses: 1-effects of an abrupt incorporation of two levels of barley in a hay diet on microbial profile and activities     

A. de Fombelle MSc  V. Julliand PhDa  C. Drogoul PhD  E. Jacotot MSc 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2001,21(9):439

Cecal and colonic fluid samples collected from three ponies were analyzed to determine the effects of an abrupt incorporation of barley in a hay diet on their microbial and biochemical characteristics. Three diets based on meadow hay and rolled barley were tested in a 3×3 Latin square experiment: 100% hay (100:0, 114 gDM/KgBW^0.75/day), 70% hay—30% barley (70:30, 69gDM/KgBW^0.75/day) and 50% hay—50% barley (50:50, 58gDM/KgBW^0.75/day). Enumeration of total anaerobic and aeroanaerobic bacteria, lactate-utilizing and cellulolytic bacteria, lactobacilli and streptococci, as well as pH, lactate and VFA concentrations, were determined before and five hours and 29 hours after the abrupt incorporation of barley in the hay diet. Whatever the amount of barley incorporated, an increase of total anaerobic bacteria, lactobacilli and streptococci, in the cecum and in the colon, was reported 29 hours after the changing of diet. Lactateutilizing and cellulolytic bacteria were not significantly modified five hours and 29 hours after the ingestion of a new diet. However a decrease of [(acetate+butyrate)/propionate] ratio was registered while lactate concentration increased although pH remained fairly constant through the changing of diet. The colon appeared to be the main site affected by the abrupt incorporation of readily fermentable carbohydrates in the diet. Thus, this section of the digestive tract needs further exploration to establish the linkage between the changes of the ecosystem as reported here, and the apparition of intestinal disorders.  相似文献   

Yohimbine antagonizes the anaesthetic effects of ketamine–xylazine in captive Indian wild felids     

Sadanand D Sontakke MVSc    Govindhaswamy Umapathy MSc  PhD  & Sisinthy Shivaji MSc  PhD 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2009,36(1):34-41

ObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of yohimbine as an antagonist of ketamine-xylazine anaesthesia in captive Asiatic lions (Panthera leo persica), tigers (Panthera tigris) and leopards (Panthera pardus).Study designProspective clinical trial.AnimalsFifty-two healthy adult lions, 55 adult leopards and 16 adult male tigers.MethodsCaptive wild felids in Indian zoos were anaesthetized with a combination of ketamine (2.2-2.6 mg kg^?1) and xylazine (1.1-1.3 mg kg^?1) using a dart propelled from a blowpipe. Time to onset of anaesthesia, lateral recumbency and induction time were measured, and physiological variables (respiration, heart rate and rectal temperature) were recorded once after the onset of complete anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was antagonized at various time periods with an intravenous administration of either 0.1 or 0.15 mg kg^?1 yohimbine. Onset of arousal and time to complete anaesthetic recovery were recorded.ResultsA total of 123 immobilizations were conducted between 2000 and 2005. Anaesthetic induction was achieved in 15-25 minutes in all animals. Incidents of sudden recovery or life-threatening effects associated with immobilizations were not observed. Yohimbine effectively antagonized anaesthesia in all animals within 10 minutes without any excitatory behaviour compared to control animals. No adverse reactions/side effects to yohimbine were recorded except that a few leopards exhibited seizure-like signs for a short period immediately after yohimbine administration. The duration of anaesthesia had no significant effect on the recovery time in any of the animals.Conclusion and clinical relevanceYohimbine antagonized the xylazine portion of ketamine-xylazine anaesthesia and thereby hastened recovery from anaesthesia in Asiatic lions, tigers and leopards.  相似文献   

Noninvasive ventilation in cats     

Judy E. Brown  DVM  MSc  ; Alexa M.E. Bersenas  DVM  MSc  DACVECC  ; Karol A. Mathews  DVM  DVSc  DACVECC    Carolyn L. Kerr  DVM  PhD  DVSc  DACVA 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2009,19(5):416-425

Objective – The primary objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) in cats. The secondary objective was to determine whether cardiovascular parameters and anesthetic drug requirements associated with noninvasive ventilation differ from those associated with invasive ventilation. Design – Randomized, cross‐over design. Setting – A research laboratory in a veterinary teaching hospital. Animals – Eight healthy adult cats, 3 intact females and 5 intact males, weighing between 3 and 6 kg, were used. Interventions – Each cat was randomly assigned to NIV via nasal mask, or invasive ventilation using an endotracheal tube. Mechanical ventilation was performed for 6 hours. Anesthesia was provided using continuous infusions of propofol and butorphanol. After a minimum 9‐day washout period, the procedure was repeated using the alternate ventilation interface. Measurements and Main Results – Cardiovascular parameters (heart rate, rectal temperature, direct arterial blood pressure), arterial blood gases, drug requirements, sedation score, and ventilation parameters, were monitored throughout the procedures. These values were evaluated using ANCOVA for repeated measures. All cats were effectively ventilated using NIV. There were no significant differences in cardiovascular parameters, drug requirements, or sedation scores between groups. Although PaCO₂ values did not differ, PaO₂ values were significantly higher in the invasively ventilated group. Inspiratory tidal volumes were similar between groups, whereas expiratory tidal volumes were significantly lower in the NIV group. Inspiratory pressures were significantly higher in the NIV group. Respiratory frequency was significantly higher in the invasively ventilated group. Conclusions – NIV of cats is possible. However, currently it does not confer any cardiovascular benefit over invasive ventilation and drug requirements are similar. Use of a correctly fitted mask is essential for successful NIV as air leaks account for the observed discrepancy between inspiratory and expiratory volumes. Further investigation into this modality is warranted.  相似文献   

Preliminary evaluation of hemostasis in neonatal foals using a viscoelastic coagulation and platelet function analyzer   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Barbara L. Dallap Schaer  VMD  DACVS  DACVECC  ; Pamela A. Wilkins  DVM  PhD  DACVIM  DACVECC  ; Ray Boston  MSc  PhD    Jon Palmer  VMD  DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2009,19(1):81-87

Objectives – To compare coagulation and platelet function parameters measured using a viscoelastic analyzer in 3 groups: foals presenting to a neonatal intensive care unit with presumed sepsis, normal foals, and adult horses. Design – Preliminary prospective trial. Setting – Veterinary teaching hospital. Animals – Ten clinically healthy foals, 13 clinically healthy adult horses, and 17 foals sequentially admitted for suspected sepsis. Intervention – A single citrated (3.8%) blood sample collected at admission was submitted for coagulation evaluation using a viscoelastic analyzer. Measurements and Main Results – Time to initial clot formation (ACT), clot rate (CR), platelet function, and time to peak parameters were collected from the signature generated with the associated software. Peak clot strength was collected manually from signature tracings. Signalment, presenting complaint, blood culture results, clinical progression, and outcome were collected from the medical record. Kruskal‐Wallis testing was used to determine differences in coagulation parameters between groups, as well as to identify any associations between coagulation variables, foal variables, and outcome. Normal foals were more likely to have increased platelet function (P=0.04) compared with normal adult horses. Prolonged ACT (P=0.004) and decreased CR (P=0.03) were associated with foals with positive blood culture. There was a trend toward prolonged ACT and increased likelihood of death (P=0.06). Conclusions – Healthy foals differ in values measured by the viscoelastic coagulation and platelet function analyzer compared with healthy adult horses. ACT and CR abnormalities were more likely to be observed in foals with positive blood cultures. The viscoelastic coagulation and platelet function analyzer may be useful in identifying early hemostasic and platelet dysfunction in critically ill foals, particularly those that are septic.  相似文献   

Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization in Personnel Attending a Veterinary Surgery Conference     

LEE C. BURSTINER DVM  MEREDITH FAIRES DVM  MSc  J. SCOTT WEESE DVM DVSc  Diplomate ACVIM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2010,39(2):150-157

Objective— To evaluate the prevalence of, and risk factors for, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization in veterinary personnel. Study Design— Cross‐sectional study. Sample Population— Conference attendees (n=341) at the 2008 American College of Veterinary Surgeons Symposium in San Diego California. Methods— Nasal swabs were collected and tested using selective culture for MRSA. Isolates were typed and risk factors were evaluated using questionnaire data. Results— 17.3% of subjects (17% veterinarians and 18% technicians) were MRSA positive. Colonized individuals originated from 5 different countries, predominantly the United States and Canada. Contact with small ruminants in the preceding 30 days (odds ratio [OR] 2.2), living with a person diagnosed with MRSA in the preceding year (OR 19.8) and working in a clinic where there is a specific person in charge of the infection control program (OR 2.2) were associated with colonization using multivariable analysis. Conclusion— The high rate of colonization identified here provides more evidence that MRSA exposure is likely an occupational risk for veterinary personnel. The equal rates in small animal and large animal personnel were surprising and contradict earlier studies indicating greater rates among equine personnel. The association of MRSA and small ruminant contact has not been reported previously. Clinical Relevance— MRSA is an important emerging pathogen in veterinary medicine and is a concern for both patients and veterinary personnel. The high colonization rate indicates the need to understand and control the spread of MRSA in veterinary clinics.  相似文献