Phenotypic comparison of ileal intraepithelial lymphocyte populations of suckling and weaned calves     

Wyatt CR  Barrett WJ  Brackett EJ  Davis WC  Besser TE 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1999,67(3):213-222

Ileal intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) suspensions from suckling calves (1-3 weeks old) and weaned calves (3-6 months old) were phenotyped to determine whether there were differences in the lymphocyte populations consistent with postnatal maturation of the mucosal immune system. Flow cytometric comparisons of IEL from the two age groups revealed the presence of significantly larger proportions of CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD8+ T cells in the weaned animals. In contrast, there was a significantly larger proportion of B-B2+ IEL in the suckling calves. Freshly isolated IEL from both groups of calves expressed mRNA for TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, but not IL-4 or IL-10. The B-B2+ IEL population was more closely examined by flow cytometry. These cells co-expressed IgM and CD21. However, they did not express IgA, IgG1, nor any of several additional leukocyte differentiation molecules. Immunohistochemical data confirmed the presence of IgM+ lymphocytes, and the paucity of IgA+ and IgG1+ lymphocytes in suckling calf ileum. However, substantial numbers of IgA+ and IgG1+ cells were observed in weaned calf ileum. Together, the data are consistent with ongoing postnatal maturation of the gut mucosal immune system.  相似文献   

Yield and quality losses caused by common rust (Puccinia sorghi Schw.) in sweet corn (Zea mays) hybrids     

J.V. Groth  R.J. Zeyen  D.W. Davis  B.J. Christ 《Crop Protection》1983,2(1):105-111

Yield and quality of fresh ears were measured in field plots of selected hybrids of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) that were affected by rust (Puccinia sorghi Schw.) or were nearly rust-free (mancozeb-sprayed). In 1978, 28 hybrids were tested. Losses in total yield ranged from zero in the more resistant entries to nearly 50% in more susceptible entries. In 1979, three cultivars were planted. Yield losses of these cultivars were similar in ranking order to those in 1978, although the loss was greater in late-planted plots because of the greater final severity of the disease. Losses in total yield in late-planted sweet corn were 18%, 26% and 49% for cv. Sugarloaf (most resistant), cv. Jubilee (intermediate) and cv. Style Pak (most susceptible), respectively.  相似文献   

Contribution of the photoperiod to circadian variations in serum cortisol and melatonin in boars     

J E Minton  D L Davis  J S Stevenson 《Domestic animal endocrinology》1989,6(2):177-181

Four pubertal (25 wk) crossbred boars were used to evaluate the role of the photoperiod in the organization of secretion of cortisol and melatonin throughout a 24-hr period. Boars were exposed to a 16-hr photoperiod in an environmentally controlled room and temperature was kept constant at 22 C. For the first 15 d, the onset of the photophase (light phase) and scotophase (dark phase) was 0200 hr and 1800 hr, respectively (ON2). During the final 15 d, the onset of the photophase and scotophase was advanced by 6 hr (0800 hr and 2400 hr, respectively; ON8). Samples of serum were obtained from catheterized boars at hourly intervals for 24 hr between the 14th to 15th d in both ON2 and ON8 photoperiods. Samples of serum were frozen and later assayed for cortisol and melatonin. The data were normalized to the clock time of onset of the photophase, fit to polynomial equations, and the profiles of cortisol and melatonin in ON2 and ON8 were tested for heterogeneity of regression. A circadian rhythm of cortisol was observed in both ON2 and ON8 and the fitted profiles were parallel, suggesting that the rhythm had shifted with the 6-hr shift in lights-on, lights-off. Generally, higher concentrations were observed during the late subjective evening and scotophase, whereas lower concentrations occurred about 6 to 10 hr after onset of the photophase. Although the profiles of melatonin did not differ in ON2 and ON8, there was no evidence of a nocturnal rise in melatonin in either treatment. It is suggested that some characteristic of the photoperiod organizes the circadian rhythm of cortisol in boars, but melatonin is not secreted in a rhythmic fashion in long photoperiods.  相似文献   

Effects of thyroxine and growth hormone treatment of dairy cows on milk yield, cardiac output and mammary blood flow   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

S R Davis  R J Collier  J P McNamara  H H Head  W Sussman 《Journal of animal science》1988,66(1):70-79

Four cows received thyroxine injections (T4; 20 mg/d) and three cows received growth hormone injections (GH; 44 mg/d) for 4 d during successive 16-d experimental periods. Measurement was made of milk yield, protein yield, mammary tyrosine and phenylalanine uptake, blood plasma hormone concentrations, mammary blood flow and cardiac output. Milk yield increased by 25% with T4 and 21% with GH treatment. Milk protein content tended to decline during T4 treatment and increase following GH treatment. Cardiac output increased by 8.9 liter/min (20%) and 4.6 liter/min (10%) with T4 and GH injection. Mammary blood flow (half-udder) increased from 3.6 to 4.9 liter/min (35%) and from 3.3 to 4.4 liter/min (33%) with T4 and GH treatment, respectively. These increases calculated on a whole-udder basis, accounted for 28% (T4) and 48% (GH) of the increases in cardiac output. The proportion of cardiac output perfusing the (whole) udder increased to 19.1% (T4) and 18.7% (GH), increases of 17 and 30%, respectively. Heart rate increased with T4 (but not GH treatment) from 80 to 115/min. Ratio of blood flow to milk yield was not changed by either treatment. The proportion of cardiac output perfusing the udder likely plays a major role in facilitating the partitioning of nutrients for milk synthesis.  相似文献   

Efficacy of ethylenediamine dihydriodide in the prevention of naturally occurring foot rot in cattle     

J Maas  L E Davis  C Hempstead  J N Berg  K A Hoffman 《American journal of veterinary research》1984,45(11):2347-2350

The efficacy of an ethylenediamine dihydriodide containing salt mixture was evaluated with regard to the prevention of naturally occurring foot rot in pastured cattle. Ninety-six cattle were assigned to the treatment group and 96 were assigned to the control group. The groups were allowed consumption of salt-mineral mixtures, ad libitum, that were identical, except with respect to iodine concentration. The control group's mixture contained 0.0025% iodine and the treatment group's mixture contained 0.125% iodine (0.156% ethylenediamine dihydriodide). The incidence of foot rot was measured, as was the severity of the lesions and accompanying lameness. The incidence of foot rot in the control group (20.8%) was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than the incidence in the treatment group (8.3%). The severity of foot rot was greater (P = 0.024) in the control calves vs the treatment calves. Total serum iodine concentrations were measured in the 2 groups on days 0, 46, and 130 of the experiment. The serum iodine values of the treatment group on day 46 (46 +/- 19.8 g/dl) and day 130 (23 +/- 12.3 g/dl) were significantly different (P less than 0.01) than the serum iodine concentrations of the control animals and the pretreatment values (day 0) of both groups. Production was measured via calf weaning weights. There were no detectable differences between the 205-day adjusted weaning weights of the calves in the control group vs the calves in the treatment group. Clinical signs of iodism were not observed in the cattle involved in this study.  相似文献   

Biotransformation and pharmacokinetics of salicylate in newborn animals   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

L E Davis  B A Westfall  C R Short 《American journal of veterinary research》1973,34(8):1105-1108

  相似文献   

Changes in hematology of the perinatal pig     

C C Brooks  J W Davis 《Journal of animal science》1969,28(4):517-522

  相似文献   

Hydroxyl radical concentrations measured in ambient air     

Wang CC  Davis LI  Wu CH  Japar S  Niki H  Weinstock B 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1975,189(4205):797-800

Diurnal variations in the hydroxyl radical concentration of ambient air were measured for the first time by the technique of laser-induced fluorescence.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of glyceryl guaiacolate in ponies     

L E Davis  W A Wolff 《American journal of veterinary research》1970,31(3):469-473

  相似文献   

An evaluation and comparison of spectinomycin and spectinomycin-erythromycin combinations for infectious coryza     

J E Hanley  R B Davis  E M Sunka 《Avian diseases》1968,12(1):1-3

  相似文献