Detection of APAF1 mutation in Holstein cows and mummified foetuses in Japanese dairy herds          下载免费PDF全文

ME Ghanem  M Nishibori  N Isobe  K Hisaeda 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(1):137-142

Some of the highest genetic merit sires have been shown to harbour recessive mutations affecting fertility, which may spread rapidly in the population through AI. These disorders may result in abortion and decline in pregnancy per insemination in cows. This study was carried out on 240 Holstein‐Friesian cows and 15 mummified foetuses. Blood and tissue samples were collected from the cows and mummified foetuses, respectively, for DNA extraction. Allele‐specific PCR was designed for the detection of the cows and foetuses carrying the nonsense mutation (C/T) in apoptosis peptide activating factor 1 gene (APAF1). The mutant allele frequency of the APAF1 in carrier cows and mummified foetuses was calculated. Milk samples were taken from the carrier and non‐carrier cows for progesterone assay. The allele‐specific PCR reaction efficiently distinguished the C/T mutation in APAF1. Of 240 cows, seven cows (2.9%) were diagnosed to carry one copy of the mutant allele of APAF1. However, the carrier frequency was 33.3% in mummified foetuses (five of 15). The mutant allele frequency was 0.02 and 0.17 in the cows and mummified foetuses, respectively. Concentrations of progesterone did not differ between cows with APAF1 mutation and non‐carrier cows during 45 days post‐insemination. This study provided allele‐specific PCR for the detection of APAF1 mutation in cows. Moreover, it reports the carrier and mutant allele frequencies of APAF1 in dairy cows and mummified foetuses in Japan.  相似文献   

The nutritional management of gastrointestinal tract disorders in companion animals     

WG Guilford  ME Matz 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):284-291

Dietary protein, carbohydrates, fats and fibre have marked influences on gastrointestinal tract function and dysfunction. This article reviews the nutritional management of common gastrointestinal disorders in companion animals and introduces some of the current areas of research including probiotics, prebiotics, protein-hydrolysate diets, immunonutrition and dietary fibre.

Nutritional management of oesophageal disease revolves around varying the consistency of the diet and feeding the animal from an elevated container. Provision of bowel rest remains the mainstay of the management of acute gastroenteritis but food-based oral rehydration solutions are a useful adjunct. The recommended diet for chronic small bowel diarrhoea is a highly digestible, hypoallergenic, gluten-free, low-lactose and low-fat diet with modest amounts of fermentable fibre. The use of probiotics in the management of diarrhoea in companion animals has not yet been shown to be beneficial. It is likely that prebiotics will prove more effective than probiotics in the prevention of enteropathogenic infections.

Approximately 50% of cats in New Zealand that suffer from chronic idiopathic vomiting or diarrhoea will respond to a novel-protein-elimination diet and approximately 30% meet the diagnostic criteria for food sensitivity. Growing evidence supports the use of protein-hydrolysate diets in the management of inflammatory bowel disease and further advances in immunonutrition are expected. The dietary management of colitis should include a hypoallergenic diet with a fermentable fibre source.

Manipulation of the diet provides clinicians a powerful therapeutic strategy to be used alone or concurrently with drug therapy in the management of gastrointestinal disorders.  相似文献   

Early maritime economy and El Nino events at quebrada tacahuay, peru     

DK Keefer  SD deFrance  ME Moseley  JB Richardson  DR Satterlee  A Day-Lewis 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,281(5384):1833-1835

The archaeological site of Quebrada Tacahuay, Peru, dates to 12,700 to 12,500 calibrated years before the present (10,770 to 10,530 carbon-14 years before the present). It contains some of the oldest evidence of maritime-based economic activity in the New World. Recovered materials include a hearth, lithic cutting tools and flakes, and abundant processed marine fauna, primarily seabirds and fish. Sediments below and above the occupation layer were probably generated by El Nino events, indicating that El Nino was active during the Pleistocene as well as during the early and middle Holocene.  相似文献   

Relationship between Prenatal Survival Rate at 70 days of Gestation and Morphometric Parameters of Vagina, Uterus and Placenta in Gilts     

WL Vianna  ME Pinese  A de  Campos Rosseto  PP Bombonato  PHM Rodrigues  A de  Sant''Anna Moretti 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2004,39(6):381-384

Swine uterine capacity affects litter size, and it could be used as a selection parameter of reproductive performance. Although there are some controversial results, evidences show that the catheter penetration length is positively correlated with litter size, and it could be used as a tool for predicting selection methods. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is any association between the prenatal survival rate and placental size at 70 days of gestation, the vaginal length [catheter penetration length during artificial insemination (AI)] and the uterine capacity in a homogeneous group of gilts. Sixty-six commercial-line gilts in pre-pubertal phase had their oestrus induced by hormonal treatment [600 UI of Equine Chorionic Gonadtrophin (eCG) i.m. and after a 72-h period 5 mg of luteinizing hormone (LH) i.m.], but only 40 gilts showed cyclicity after induction. The AI catheter penetration length was tested on these 40 gilts at the moment of AI using a calibrated AI catheter. Four gilts returned to oestrus and the other 36 were killed at around day 69 of pregnancy. The uterine length and weight showed a significant and positive correlation with the prenatal survival rate (p <0.05). The catheter penetration length was unable to predict the conceptus survival rate on 70 days of gestation; however, the uterine size influenced the survival rate positively. The mean placental area was positively correlated with the mean placental weight (p <0.0001), and both with the mean foetal weight (p <0.0001 and p <0.001, respectively). The analysis of the results obtained showed that neither did the catheter penetration length measurement during AI, nor the prenatal survival rate on day 70 of pregnancy predict the uterine capacity, but the uterine and placental size had a significant influence on the prenatal survival and foetus weight, respectively.  相似文献   

森林资源时态GIS数据存储与时空分析方法研究     

谢绍锋  肖化顺 《西北林学院学报》2011,26(1):181-186

在分析时态数据库的研究与应用现状基础上,针对森林资源数据特点,在对象—关系Oracle数据库上,扩展基本数据类型和函数集,实现森林资源时空数据的有效储存,对森林资源数据的现状及变化等基本信息进行空间拓扑、时态拓扑和时空拓扑操作,提供完善的时序分析功能,高效地回答与时间相关的各类问题,准确地描述森林资源信息,完整地反映森林资源演变过程,为森林资源数据管理提供服务,对森林资源数据库的建设提供新的思路和方法。  相似文献   

The relationship of calfhood morbidity with survival after calving in 25 New York Holstein herds     

LD Warnick  HN Erb  ME White 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1997,31(3-4):263-266

The association of owner-diagnosed calfhood diseases with the length of herd life after calving was evaluated using data collected prospectively over a ten-year period in 25 New York Holstein dairy herds. Herds selected for the study were milking between 35 and 200 Holstein cows, used dairy herd improvement records, bred cows by artificial insemination unless they needed three or more services, and had regularly-scheduled herd health visits by clinicians from the Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. Owners recorded occurrences of dullness, respiratory disease, and scours from birth through 90 days of age for all heifer calves that lived at least 24 h and were to be kept as replacements. Milking herd life was measured as the difference between the age at first calving and the age at death or sale. Data on cows sold when the herd went out of business or still in the herd at the end of the study were censored observations. Cox's proportional hazards model was used for statistical analysis of the data. Controlling for age at first calving, study month of birth, and sire predicted difference for milk, there was no statistically significant association of calfhood morbidity with length of herd life. The estimated hazard rate ratios for leaving the milking herd and 95% confidence intervals for dullness, respiratory disease, and scours within 90 days of birth were 1.3 (0.9, 1.9), 0.9 (0.6, 1.3), and 1.0 (0.8, 1.3), respectively. Dullness was the only disease category with an estimated hazard rate ratio greater than 1, and although it was not statistically significant, may warrant evaluation in future studies of long term effects of calfhood morbidity.  相似文献   

Development of a method for the identification, using the polymerase chain reaction, of Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from ostriches     

ME KATZ  SC J. LOVE†  HS GILL‡  BF CHEETHAM 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,74(1):50-54

Objective To develop a method for identifying DNA of Aspergillus fumigatus from ostriches, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A fumigatus is the principal causative agent of avian aspergillosis.
Design A biochemical trial.
Sample population Twelve Aspergillus fumigatus isolates and three other Aspergillus species.
Procedure PCR primers that were based on the sequence of the alkaline protease gene from human isolates of A fumigatus were used.
Results We successfully tested the method on ostrich isolates from five states and showed that the test is specific for A fumigatus.
Conclusions In most cases the DNA sequence of A fumigatus isolates from ostriches is similar to that of human isolates. DNA sequences vary significantly among A fumigatus isolates, including those from affected ostriches in the same flock. The genetic variation may be used to trace aspergillus infections in ostrich flocks and determine if the disease is transmitted by contact with infected birds.  相似文献   

Antibodies to bluetongue and related orbiviruses in sheep and goats in bluetongue virus-endemic areas of northern and central Queensland     

M. FLANAGAN  ME DASHORST  MP WARD  CM MORRIS 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(1):31-32

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All-optical switching in rubidium vapor     

Dawes AM  Illing L  Clark SM  Gauthier DJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5722):672-674

We report on an all-optical switch that operates at low light levels. It consists of laser beams counterpropagating through a warm rubidium vapor that induce an off-axis optical pattern. A switching laser beam causes this pattern to rotate even when the power in the switching beam is much lower than the power in the pattern. The observed switching energy density is very low, suggesting that the switch might operate at the single-photon level with system optimization. This approach opens the possibility of realizing a single-photon switch for quantum information networks and for improving transparent optical telecommunication networks.  相似文献   

Comparative growth analysis of Russet Burbank potatoes at two Idaho locations     

D. S. Dawes  R. B. Dwelle  G. E. Kleinkopf  R. K. Steinhorst 《American Journal of Potato Research》1983,60(10):717-733

Detailed growth analyses were conducted with Russet Burbank potato to provide validation and parameterization data for a computer growth model being developed cooperatively at the University of Idaho and University of California, Davis. At each of two locations (Aberdeen and Kimberly, Idaho) plants were sampled seven times at about two-week intervals. Plants were separated into individual leaf blades, petioles, internodes, tubers, and roots. Leaf area indices and leaf elevation angles were determined in 20 cm strata. Plants at Kimberly emerged approximately 10 days prior to those at Aberdeen. At both locations, the increase in total dry weight was curvilinear for 30–40 days after emergence and then was linear until the end of the study. The maximum top weight per hill was slightly higher at Aberdeen, but near-maximum values occurred for much longer at Kimberly. Total leaf area at Aberdeen reached a maximum of approximately 4.0, while the maximum at Kimberly was 5.5. Root dry weight reached a maximum much earlier at Kimberly and the change in root dry weight paralleled that of tops in both places. Tuber initiation occurred approximately 19 June at both locations. Following an initial increase, tuber number/hill decreased for several weeks. Final tuber numbers per hill were approximately six at Aberdeen and 12 at Kimberly. Dry weight per tuber showed a curvilinear increase for 20–30 days and then was constant at 0.68 and 0.37 g/tuber.day at Aberdeen and Kimberly, respectively. Bulking rates were 17 and 21 g/m².day. Final yields were 39 T/ha at Aberdeen and 49 T/ha at Kimberly. The higher final tuber yield at Kimberly was the result of a higher rate of bulking and a longer leaf area duration.  相似文献