A review of the characteristics and treatment of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the horse and a case series of MRSA infection in four horses     

T. W. Maddox  C. E. Scantlebury  P. D. Clegg  S. Dawson  G. L. Pinchbeck  N. J. Williams 《Equine Veterinary Education》2010,22(2):91-102

Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an emerging cause of serious bacterial infection in the horse, with an increasing number of cases reported over the last decade. MRSA, along with other commensal staphylococcal species, can reside on the mucosa of several sites in the horse, particularly the nose. Nasal carriage of MRSA appears rare amongst horses in the community, although a higher prevalence has been found in hospitalised horses. MRSA infections can involve a variety of body sites, but most commonly encountered are soft tissue infections of either traumatic or surgical wounds. MRSA strain types isolated from horses are typically multidrug‐resistant and usually differ from those recovered from humans and other small animal species. Treatment of infection can be prolonged and is dependent on timely, accurate diagnosis and on appropriate therapy; often guided by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The purpose of this review is to provide clinically relevant information for the equine practitioner and, for illustration, the diagnosis, treatment and outcome of 4 clinical cases of MRSA infection in horses is discussed.  相似文献   

Necrotizing Cerebellitis and Cerebellar Atrophy Caused by Neospora caninum Infection: Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Clinicopathologic Findings in Seven Dogs     

L. Garosi  A. Dawson  J. Couturier  L. Matiasek  A. De Stefani  E. Davies  N. Jeffery  P. Smith 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2010,24(3):571-578

  相似文献   

Infection with Brucella ceti and high levels of polychlorinated biphenyls in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) stranded in south-west England     

Davison NJ  Perrett LL  Law RJ  Dawson CE  Stubberfield EJ  Monies RJ  Deaville R  Jepson PD 《The Veterinary record》2011,169(1):14

Eight bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) that stranded in Cornwall, south-west England, between June 2004 and December 2007 were examined using standardised postmortem examination and bacteriological methods. Evidence of Brucella species infection was found in four of these dolphins on culture. In addition, of the eight dolphins, four were positive and two were weakly positive for antibodies to Brucella species on serological analyses of pericardial and other fluids using a competitive ELISA and two indirect ELISAs. High or very high levels of the sum of 25 individual chlorobiphenyl congeners (∑25CBs) were also determined in blubber samples from two of the dolphins (45.5 and 446.6 mg/kg lipid weight).  相似文献   

Phenotypic diversity and evolution of farmer varieties of bread wheat on organic farms in Europe     

J. C. Dawson  E. Serpolay  S. Giuliano  N. Schermann  N. Galic  J.-F. Berthellot  V. Chesneau  H. Ferté  F. Mercier  A. Osman  S. Pino  I. Goldringer 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2013,60(1):145-163

The contribution of farmers to the creation and maintenance of genetic diversity is beginning to receive more recognition in developed countries. Although the use of landraces and historic varieties has largely disappeared in countries with industrialized agricultural systems and formal seed markets, certain varieties with particular cultural significance have been continuously cultivated by farmers and other varieties have been preserved ex situ in genebanks. Recently, associations of organic farmers have become involved in the conservation and use of landraces and historic varieties (called farmer varieties in this article) because these varieties possess agronomic and quality traits that they have not found in modern varieties. In this study, eight farmer varieties of bread wheat from Europe selected by participating farmers were evaluated in on-farm trials during 3 years of cultivation. Each variety was grown on each farm, and phenotypic changes in each variety were measured the third year in a replicated split-plot trial on each farm comparing the version of each variety the farmer had multiplied to a sample of each variety from the region of origin. All varieties, including the two modern pureline varieties used as checks, showed statistically significant phenotypic changes over 3 years of multiplication. However, the magnitude of these changes was moderate and did not call into question varietal identity or distinctness. In addition, some traits of putative agronomic and adaptive importance, such as grain weight per spike and thousand kernel weight, did not respond positively to natural selection (environmental conditions and management practices) which suggests the necessity of farmer selection to maintain and improve varietal performance.  相似文献   

Disseminated Mycobacterium genavense infection in a FIV-positive cat     

Hughes MS  Ball NW  Love DN  Canfield PJ  Wigney DI  Dawson D  Davis PE  Malik R 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》1999,1(1):23-29

An 8-year-old FIV-positive Australian cat was presented with coughing, periocular alopecia, pyrexia and inappetence. Skin scrapings demonstrated Demodex cati mites. Antibiotics were administered and it was treated successfully for periocular demodectic mange, but the cat continued to exhibit respiratory signs and lose weight. Further investigation revealed an ascarid infection and active chronic inflammation of undetected cause affecting the lower airways. Repetitive treatment with pyrantel failed to eradicate the ascarid infection. The cat became cachectic and developed moist ulcerative dermatitis of the neck, severe non-regenerative anaemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. Necropsy and histopathology revealed mycobacteriosis affecting skin, lungs, spleen, lymph nodes, liver and kidney. Attempted culture of frozen tissues at a mycobacteria reference laboratory was unsuccessful. Paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed tissue was retrieved and examined using PCR to amplify part of the 16S rRNA gene. A diagnosis of disseminated Mycobacterium genavense infection was made based on the presence of acid fast bacteria in many tissues and partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene. Although M genavense has been identified previously as a cause of disseminated disease in AIDS patients, this is the first report of infection in a cat. It was suspected that the demodecosis, recurrent ascarid infections and disseminated M genavense infection resulted from an immune deficiency syndrome consequent to longstanding FIV infection.  相似文献   

Characterizing nitrogen use efficiency in natural and agricultural ecosystems to improve the performance of cereal crops in low-input and organic agricultural systems   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Julie C. Dawson  David R. Huggins  Stephen S. Jones 《Field Crops Research》2008

Low-input and organic farming systems have notable differences in nitrogen (N) sources, cycling and management strategies compared to conventional systems with high inputs of synthetic N fertilizer. In low-input and organic systems, there is greater reliance on complex rotations including annual and perennial crops, organic N sources, and internal N cycling that more closely mimic natural systems. These differences in farming system practices fundamentally affect N availability and N use efficiency (NUE) and could impact crop traits and breeding strategies required to optimize NUE. We assess genetic and environmental factors that could assist breeders in improving crop performance in low-input and organic farming systems by examining NUE in natural and agricultural ecosystems. Crop plants have often been bred for high N productivity, while plants adapted to low N ecosystems often have lower productivity and higher levels of internal N conservation. Breeders can potentially combine N productivity and N conservation through the use of elite and wild germplasm. Beneficial genetic traits include the ability to maintain photosynthesis and N uptake under N stress and the ability to extract soil N at low concentrations, perhaps through beneficial associations with soil microorganisms. In addition, breeding for specific adaptation to climactic and management practices so that crop uptake patterns match N availability patterns, while minimizing pathways of N loss, will be critical to improving NUE.  相似文献   

Comparison of the ability of feline calicivirus (FCV) vaccines to neutralise a panel of current UK FCV isolates     

Porter CJ  Radford AD  Gaskell RM  Ryvar R  Coyne KP  Pinchbeck GL  Dawson S 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2008,10(1):32-40

Feline calicivirus (FCV) comprises a large number of strains which are related antigenically to varying degrees. The antigenic variability creates problems for choosing antigens to include in vaccines. Historically, these have been selected for use based on their cross-reactivity with a high proportion of field strains. However, it is important to determine the current level of cross-reactivity of vaccines and whether or not this may be decreasing owing to widespread vaccine use. In this in vitro study, we have compared the ability of antisera to two vaccine viruses (FCV strain F9 and FCV strain 255) to neutralise a panel of 40 recent UK field isolates. These 40 isolates were obtained by randomised, cross-sectional sampling of veterinary practices in different geographical regions of the UK so as to ensure they were representative of viruses circulating in the veterinary-visiting population of cats in the UK. Virus neutralisation assays showed that both vaccine strains are still broadly cross-reactive, with F9 antiserum neutralising 87.5% and 255 antiserum 75% of isolates tested with antiserum dilutions of 1 in 2 or greater. However, when antibody units were used, in order to take account of differences in homologous titres between antisera, fewer isolates were neutralised, with F9 antiserum showing a slightly higher proportion of isolates neutralised than 255. Multivariable analysis of the sample population of 1206 cats from which the 40 isolates were derived found that vaccinated cats were at a decreased risk of being positive for FCV, whereas cats from households with more than one cat, and cats with mouth ulcers were at increased risk. In addition as cats became older their risk of shedding FCV decreased.  相似文献   

Degenerative Encephalopathy in Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers Presenting with a Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder          下载免费PDF全文

E.N. Barker  L.J. Dawson  J.H. Rose  S. Van Meervenne  O. Frykman  C. Rohdin  A. Leijon  K.E. Soerensen  J. Järnegren  G.C. Johnson  D.P. O'Brien  N. Granger 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2016,30(5):1681-1689

  相似文献   

Diversity in environmental controls of flowering in Australian plants     

R.W. King  R. Worrall  I.A. Dawson 《Scientia Horticulturae》2008

In adapting their flowering to a particular season of the year, plants utilize a number of environmental inputs. Knowledge of these environmental controls of flowering is important for production in commercial horticulture. Such information is also relevant for assessing whether or not a species is threatened by global warming. Here, for five Australian plant species, we document ways in which the environment regulates their flowering. Spring flowering of Croweaexalata ‘Bindelong Compact’ reflects a response to increased daily light integral, these plants showing no hint of a true long day photoperiodic response. Higher temperatures not only cause earlier flowering of this Crowea cultivar but also depress flower production (5% loss per 1 °C increase). By contrast, another Crowea, ‘White Star’, flowers only if exposed to cool temperatures (15 °C) at the time of the increase in daily light integral. Thus, in commercial horticulture, synchronous and rapid flowering of Crowea will be possible by shifting plants from shade to high light conditions. In nature, light intensity will also have a major impact on flowering. By contrast, best flowering of Lechenaultia formosa in spring is a response to short photoperiods at high temperature while L. biloba prefers long days and has potentially spring to summer flowering. Whereas rising summer temperatures could have a deleterious effect on flowering of C.exalata, global warming may have little impact on L. formosa and L. biloba which flower more profusely in warmer conditions. Another spring flowering species, Verticordia chrysantha, responds both to short days and to exposure to cool temperatures so its survival could be threatened by global warming. For Calytrix fraseri its late summer flowering in nature is explained by its requirement for an exposure to long days. When combined with information previously published for Australian plants, it is clear that there are no simple generalizations to explain why a plant species flowers when it does.  相似文献   

Impact of systemic antimicrobial therapy on mucosal staphylococci in a population of dogs in Northwest England          下载免费PDF全文

Vanessa M. Schmidt  Gina Pinchbeck  Tim Nuttall  Steve Shaw  K. Marie McIntyre  Neil McEwan  Susan Dawson  Nicola J. Williams 《Veterinary dermatology》2018,29(3):192-e70

  相似文献