Education of veterinary medical and other public health providers: linking interventions with health outcomes     

Fechter-Leggett ED  Like B  Vigneau DL  Jarvin L  Lindenmayer JM 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2011,38(2):171-183

A systematic literature review was performed to summarize the nature, implementation, outcomes, and long-term impacts of previously instituted interventions and programs aimed at educating veterinary public health providers. A logic model was developed to direct the literature search strategy, provide a framework for evaluating the relationship between veterinary public health professional education and their associated population health outcomes, and guide future training development and recommendations for the education of veterinary health professionals. Our literature review indicates that there is a relative lack of published literature that connects veterinary public health educational interventions to population health outcomes. Reasons for the lack of evidence to connect educational programs and population health outcomes include the evaluation of outcomes on a short-term rather than intermediate- or long-term basis, a lack of experimental studies, and infrequent grounding in population health or educational theory. Future intervention recommendations as suggested in the reviewed articles are also summarized.  相似文献   

What is your diagnosis? Complete comminuted sagittal fracture of the medial aspect of the humeral head and lesser tubercle     

Levi O  Vaughan B  Puchalski SM  Macdonald MH 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2011,239(4):431-432

  相似文献   

Parenteral vaccination of domestic pigs with Brucella abortus strain RB51     

Stoffregen WC  Olsen SC  Bricker BJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2006,67(10):1802-1808

OBJECTIVE: To determine the immunogenicity and efficacy of Brucella abortus strain RB51 (SRB51) as a vaccine in domestic pigs. ANIMALS: Sixty-eight 6-week-old crossbred domestic pigs and twenty-four 4-month-old gilts. PROCEDURES: In experiment 1, pigs were vaccinated IM (n = 51) with 2 x 10(10) CFUs of SRB51 or sham inoculated (17). Periodic blood samples were obtained to perform blood cultures, serologic evaluations, and cell-mediated immunity assays. Necropsies were performed at selected times between weeks 1 and 23 after vaccination to determine vaccine clearance. In experiment 2, gilts were similarly vaccinated (n = 18) or sham inoculated (8) and similar samples were obtained after vaccination. Gilts were bred and challenged conjunctivally with 5.0 x 10(7) CFUs of virulent Brucella suis strain 3B. Necropsies were performed on gilts and on fetuses or neonates after abortion or parturition, respectively. Bacterial cultures and serologic evaluations were performed on samples obtained at necropsy to determine vaccine efficacy. RESULTS: Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses did not differ between vaccinates and controls. After vaccination, SRB51 was not isolated from blood cultures of either group and was isolated from lymphoid tissues of 3 pigs at 2 weeks (n = 2) and 4 weeks (1) after vaccination. No differences were found in isolation of B suis or in seroconversion between vaccinated and control gilts and between their neonates or aborted fetuses. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RElEVANCE: Parenteral vaccination with SRB51 does not induce humoral or cell-mediated immune responses. Vaccination with SRB51 did not protect gilts or their neonates and fetuses from virulent challenge with B suis.  相似文献   

Evaluation of antiplatelet effects of ticlopidine in cats     

Hogan DF  Andrews DA  Talbott KK  Green HW  Ward MP  Calloway BM 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(3):327-332

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether ticlopidine exerts an antiplatelet effect, estimate the pharmacodynamics of ticlopidine, and evaluate any acute adverse effects associated with administration of ticlopidine in cats. ANIMALS: 8 domestic purpose-bred sexually intact male cats. PROCEDURE: Ticlopidine was administered orally (50 mg, q 24 h; 100 mg, q 24 h; 200 mg, q 24 h; and 250 mg, q 12 h). Each treatment period consisted of 10 days of drug administration. Platelet aggregation studies with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and collagen and evaluation of oral mucosal bleeding times (OMBTs) were performed on days 3, 7, and 10 during each drug administration. Serotonin was measured to evaluate secretion at baseline and on day 10 for cats that received the 250-mg dosage. RESULTS: A significant reduction in platelet aggregation was detected in response to ADP on days 7 and 10 at 100 mg, on day 3 at 200 mg, and on days 3, 7, and 10 at 250 mg. A significant increase in the OMBT and decrease in serotonin release on day 10 at 250 mg was also detected; however, the cats had anorexia and vomiting at the 250-mg dosage. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although there was a consistent antiplatelet effect at the 250-mg dosage, there was dose-dependent anorexia and vomiting that we conclude precludes the clinical usefulness of this drug in cats.  相似文献   

Cytologic evaluation of inflammation in canine liver aspirates   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Weiss DJ  Blauvelt M  Aird B 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2001,30(4):193-196

Abstract: Liver aspiration cytology has been used routinely for more than a decade for the evaluation of canine and feline liver disease. However, the value of liver cytology in detecting inflammatory liver disease is poorly defined. We retrospectively reviewed 51 canine liver cytology reports and compared the conclusions with those from concurrent surgical biopsy reports. Overall sensitivity of cytology for diagnosis of inflammatory liver disease was 93% and specificity was 96%. For suppurative hepatitis (n = 14), the sensitivity of cytologic diagnosis was 100% and the specificity was 95%. For chronic active hepatitis (n = 13), the sensitivity of cytologic diagnosis was 100% and the specificity was 93%. For lymphocytic hepatitis (n = 3), the sensitivity of cytologic diagnosis was 33% and the specificity was 100%. We conclude that canine liver aspiration cytology is a highly sensitive test for the detection of suppurative and chronic active inflammation; however, it is insensitive for the detection of lymphocytic hepatitis.  相似文献   

Radiation Therapy of Canine Brain Masses     

Sydney M. Evans VMD MS    Betsy Dayrell-Hart VMD    William Powlis MD    Gertrude Christy RTT  Thomas VanWinkle VMD 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1993,7(4):216-219

This article evaluates the responses of 14 dogs with brain masses using orthovoltage irradiation for definitive treatment. Dogs were anesthetized for computed tomography (CT) examination, formation of head immobilization and positioning devices, radiation treatment simulation, and treatments. Total doses of 39 Gy (9 dogs) or 45 Gy (5 dogs) to the tumor were administered over 25 to 41 days. Two or three portals (parallel opposed lateral with or without a dorsal field) were used. Treatment volumes included the tumor and peritumoral edema, as determined by CT scan, and a 1-cm margin. Histopathologic diagnoses were available in 9 of 14 dogs. There were 4 meningiomas, 1 lymphosarcoma, 1 pituitary adenoma, 1 metastatic anaplastic carcinoma, 1 anaplastic oligodendroglioma and 1 dog with granuloma-tous meningoencephalitis. At the end of radiation therapy, 10 dogs could be evaluated for progression of clinical signs: 3 dogs deteriorated or failed to improve, and 7 dogs improved. At the time of analysis, all dogs were dead. Mean and median survival times, measured from the beginning of radiation, were 345 and 489 days, respectively. This was compared with mean survival times of 30 to 81 days reported in the literature for dogs with brain tumors that did not receive treatment. The median survival time of 9 dogs treated with 39 Gy was 153 days, versus 519 days for 5 dogs that received 45 Gy. It appears that radiation therapy prolongs survival times for dogs with brain masses. Although megavoltage therapy would be optimal, orthovoltage radiation can be applied in total doses of 45 Gy in 3.75 Gy fractions over 28 days without adverse effects. Histopathologic evidence of multifocal demyelination and astrocytosis may be found. (Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 1993; 7:216–219. Copyright © 1993 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.)  相似文献   

Effects of head-down positioning on regional central nervous system perfusion in isoflurane-anesthetized horses     

Brosnan RJ  Esteller-Vico A  Steffey EP  LeCouteur RA  Liu IK  Vaughan B 《American journal of veterinary research》2008,69(6):737-743

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that head-down positioning in anesthetized horses increases intracranial pressure (ICP) and decreases cerebral and spinal cord blood flows. ANIMALS: 6 adult horses. PROCEDURES: For each horse, anesthesia was induced with ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride and maintained with 1.57% isoflurane in oxygen. Once in right lateral recumbency, horses were ventilated to maintain normocapnia. An ICP transducer was placed in the subarachnoid space, and catheters were placed in the left cardiac ventricle and in multiple vessels. Blood flow measurements were made by use of a fluorescent microsphere technique while each horse was in horizontal and head-down positions. Inferential statistical analyses were performed via repeated-measures ANOVA and Dunn-Sidak comparisons. RESULTS: Because 1 horse developed extreme hypotension, data from 5 horses were analyzed. During head-down positioning, mean +/- SEM ICP increased to 55+/-2 mm Hg, compared with 31+/-2 mm Hg during horizontal positioning; cerebral perfusion pressure was unchanged. Compared with findings during horizontal positioning, blood flow to the cerebrum, cerebellum, and cranial portion of the brainstem decreased significantly by approximately 20% during head-down positioning; blood flows within the pons and medulla were mildly but not significantly decreased. Spinal cord blood flow was low (9 mL/min/100 g of tissue) and unaffected by position. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Head-down positioning increased heart-brain hydrostatic gradients in isoflurane-anesthetized horses, thereby decreasing cerebral blood flow and, to a greater extent, increasing ICP. During anesthesia, CNS regions with low blood flows in horses may be predisposed to ischemic injury induced by high ICP.  相似文献   

Unreduced pollen frequencies versus hybrid production in diploid-tetraploid Vaccinium crosses     

Betsy Shoemaker Megalos  James R. Ballington 《Euphytica》1988,39(3):271-278

Summary Reciprocal crosses were made between highbush Vaccinium corymbosum L. cultivars (4X) and high, medium and low frequency diplandroid pollen producing diploid clones of V. elliotti (Chapm.) and diploid pubescent forms of V. corymbosum. Pollination of 3,342 flowers produced 15 hybrids-11 tetraploids and 4 triploids. All V. elliottii hybrids were tetraploid while each successful diploid-tetraploid V. corymbosum cross produced at least one triploid. The ratio of tetraploid hybrids to 100 pollinations (H: 100P) was considered to be the best criterion for assessing crossability. Vaccinium elliottii produced a total of 8 4X hybrids while 2X V. corymbosum only produced 3. Vaccinium elliottii was more successful as a female parent and diploid V. corymbosum only produced hybrids as male parents. High frequency diplandroid clones showed a lower mean crossability as pollen parents (H: 100P=0.2) than medium frequency diplandroid clones (H: 100P=0.8). As predicted, 0% diplandroid clones wer unsuccessful as pollen parents. Unreduced pollen production was essential for tetraploid hybrid production in 4X×2X crosses. There appeared to be no consistent, inherent pattern between 2n pollen and 2n egg production in a clone nor was a tetraploid genotype effect on crossability consistently observed.Paper No. 10781 of the Journal Series of the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, NC., 27695-7601  相似文献   

Evaluation of the caudal cervical articular process joints by using a needle arthroscope in standing horses     

Marcos Pérez-Nogués LV  MSc  DACVS  Betsy Vaughan DVM  DACVSMR  Kathryn L. Phillips DVM  DACVR  Larry D. Galuppo DVM  DACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2020,49(3):463-471

  相似文献   

Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in Crassostrea spp. oysters cultured in an estuarine region in eastern Amazon     

Thamillys R. M. Monteiro  Katarine S. Rocha  Jacqueline Silva  Gleiciane S. S. Mesquita  Marcely K. S. Rosrio  Maeli F. S. Ferreira  Betsy E. T. Honorio  Hugo F. R. Melo  Flvia N. L. Barros  Alessandra Scofield  Isis Abel  Carla C. G. Moraes 《Zoonoses and public health》2019,66(3):296-300

The aim of the present study was to detect DNA of Toxoplasma gondii in Crassostrea spp. oysters cultured in the state of Pará, Brazil. A total of 400 oysters were directly collected from a fixed rack system. Gills, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and intervalvular liquid were separated and grouped into pool samples of 10 animals, resulting in 40 samples each of gills, GIT and intervalvular liquid. DNA extraction was performed using a commercial kit, and T. gondii DNA was detected by nested PCR using the primers Toxo3 and Toxo4, which produced an amplification product of 155 bp of the T. gondii gene B1. Nucleotide sequencing was performed for positive samples, and the obtained sequences were identified by comparison with sequences in GenBank. The DNA of T. gondii was detected in 5.8% (7/120) of the pool samples, of which 7.5% (3/40) was in the GIT, 5% (2/40) in the gills, and 5% (2/40) was in the intervalvular liquid. The obtained sequences presented 100% identity and overlap with T. gondii DNA sequences. This is the report of detection of T. gondii DNA in oysters from genus Crassostrea spp. originating from the state of Pará, eastern Amazon.  相似文献