Aglepristone decreases proliferation in progesterone receptor-positive canine mammary carcinomas     

Guil-Luna S  Sánchez-Céspedes R  Millán Y  De Andrés FJ  Rollón E  Domingo V  Guscetti F  Martín de Las Mulas J 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2011,25(3):518-523

Background: Progesterone receptor (PR) antagonist aglepristone (RU534) has been used successfully for pregnancy termination and therapy of pyometra, vaginal tumors, and mammary hyperplasia in bitches and queens. All of these conditions share with canine mammary carcinomas the expression of PR. Objectives: To study the effect of RU534 on proliferation and apoptosis in canine mammary carcinomas in relation to PR expression. Animals: Twenty‐seven nonspayed bitches with mammary carcinomas were treated with either 2 doses of 20 mg/kg RU534 (n = 22, RU534‐treated group) or oil placebo (n = 5, control group) on days 1 and 8. Methods: Tumor samples were collected before (day 1) and after (day 15) treatment for immunohistochemistry. PR expression, proliferation index (PI), and apoptotic index (AI) were determined using antibodies against PR, Ki67, and cleaved lamin A/C antigens, respectively. The effect of treatment on these parameters was analyzed. Results: Differential expression of PR between day 1 (59.1% PR‐positive tumors) and day 15 (36.4% PR‐positive tumors) was observed in RU534‐treated tumors exclusively. After RU534 treatment, mean PI was significantly decreased in PR‐positive but unchanged in PR‐negative RU534‐treated tumors. A reduction of ≥20% in PI was found in 61.5% of RU534‐treated tumors with PR expression. Conversely, no effect on AI was observed after RU534 treatment. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Neoadjuvant RU534 treatment had PR expression‐related inhibiting effects on proliferation of canine mammary carcinoma cells.  相似文献   

Selected Metabolic and Hormonal Profiles during Maintenance of Spontaneous Ovarian Cysts in Dairy Cows     

M Probo  A Comin  F Cairoli  M Faustini  H Kindahl  I De Amicis  MC Veronesi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2011,46(3):448-454

Information is lacking regarding the relationship between metabolic and hormonal profiles and the maintenance of spontaneous ovarian cyst disease in dairy cows. For this reason, the concentrations of non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA), insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) and cortisol (C) were investigated during the spontaneous course of ovarian cyst disease in dairy cows (n = 6) between the 7th and 16th weeks post‐partum (PP). The control group consisted of normally cycling cows (n = 6). Blood samples were collected twice a day, and plasma was analysed using different techniques. Progesterone and 15‐ketodihydro‐PGF_2α plasma profiles were investigated to confirm the ovulatory or anovulatory conditions of the cows. Cortisol plasma levels were not significantly different among sampling times within each group or between the two groups. NEFA plasma levels were significantly higher in cycling cows compared to cystic cows at the 16th week PP (p < 0.01), but with rather low values, indicating by now sparse mobilization of fat stores. Insulin‐like growth factor I plasma concentrations were higher in cystic cows during the 8th, 10th, 11th (p < 0.01) and 16th week PP (p < 0.05), indicating that the presence of ovarian cysts coincides with increased IGF‐I levels. These results suggest no influence of cortisol and NEFA levels in cysts maintenance, while a possible involvement of IGF‐I can be suspected not only in the pathogenesis, as already known, but also in the maintenance of spontaneous cystic ovarian disease in cattle.  相似文献   

Amino acid catalysis of 2-alkylfuran formation from lipid oxidation-derived α,β-unsaturated aldehydes     

Adams A  Bouckaert C  Van Lancker F  De Meulenaer B  De Kimpe N 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(20):11058-11062

The formation of 2-alkylfurans from the corresponding lipid-derived α,β-unsaturated aldehydes under dry-roasting conditions was investigated in detail. The addition of an amino acid to an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde drastically increased 2-alkylfuran formation. Peptides and proteins as well were able to catalyze 2-alkylfuran formation from the corresponding α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. Further investigation of 2-alkylfuran formation showed the need of oxidizing conditions and the involvement of radicals in the reaction. This way, the formation of 2-methylfuran from 2-pentenal, 2-ethylfuran from 2-hexenal, 2-propylfuran from 2-heptenal, 2-butylfuran from 2-octenal, 2-pentylfuran from 2-nonenal, and 2-hexylfuran from 2-decenal was shown. The impact of amino acids on 2-alkylfuran formation from lipid-derived α,β-unsaturated aldehydes represents an interesting example of the complex role of amino acids in the multitude of chemical reactions occurring during thermal processing of lipid-rich foods.  相似文献   

Conversion of the mycotoxin patulin to the less toxic desoxypatulinic acid by the biocontrol yeast Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae strain LS11     

Castoria R  Mannina L  Durán-Patrón R  Maffei F  Sobolev AP  De Felice DV  Pinedo-Rivilla C  Ritieni A  Ferracane R  Wright SA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(21):11571-11578

The infection of stored apples by the fungus Penicillium expansum causes the contamination of fruits and fruit-derived products with the mycotoxin patulin, which is a major issue in food safety. Fungal attack can be prevented by beneficial microorganisms, so-called biocontrol agents. Previous time-course thin layer chromatography analyses showed that the aerobic incubation of patulin with the biocontrol yeast Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae strain LS11 leads to the disappearance of the mycotoxin spot and the parallel emergence of two new spots, one of which disappears over time. In this work, we analyzed the biodegradation of patulin effected by LS11 through HPLC. The more stable of the two compounds was purified and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance as desoxypatulinic acid, whose formation was also quantitated in patulin degradation experiments. After R. kratochvilovae LS11 had been incubated in the presence of (13)C-labeled patulin, label was traced to desoxypatulinic acid, thus proving that this compound derives from the metabolization of patulin by the yeast. Desoxypatulinic acid was much less toxic than patulin to human lymphocytes and, in contrast to patulin, did not react in vitro with the thiol-bearing tripeptide glutathione. The lower toxicity of desoxypatulinic acid is proposed to be a consequence of the hydrolysis of the lactone ring and the loss of functional groups that react with thiol groups. The formation of desoxypatulinic acid from patulin represents a novel biodegradation pathway that is also a detoxification process.  相似文献   

Influence of carbohydrates on the interaction of procyanidin B3 with trypsin     

Gonçalves R  Mateus N  De Freitas V 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(21):11794-11802

The biological properties of procyanidins, in particular their inhibition of digestive enzymes, have received much attention in the past few years. Dietary carbohydrates are an environmental factor that is known to affect the interaction of procyanidins with proteins. This work aimed at understanding the effect of ionic food carbohydrates (polygalacturonic acid, arabic gum, pectin, and xanthan gum) on the interaction between procyanidins and trypsin. Physical-chemical techniques such as saturation transfer difference-NMR (STD-NMR) spectroscopy, fluorescence quenching, and nephelometry were used to evaluate the interaction process. Using STD-NMR, it was possible to identify the binding of procyanidin B3 to trypsin. The tested carbohydrates prevented the association of procyanidin B3 and trypsin by a competition mechanism in which the ionic character of carbohydrates and their ability to encapsulate procyanidins seem crucial leading to a reduction in STD signal and light scattering and to a recovery of the proteins intrinsic fluorescence. On the basis of these results, it was possible to grade the carbohydrates in their aggregation inhibition ability: XG > PA > AG ? PC. These effects may be relevant since the coingestion of procyanidins and ionic carbohydrates are frequent and furthermore since these might negatively affect the antinutritional properties ascribed to procyanidins in the past.  相似文献   

Determining milk isolated and conjugated trans-unsaturated fatty acids using fourier transform Raman spectroscopy     

Stefanov I  Baeten V  Abbas O  Colman E  Vlaeminck B  De Baets B  Fievez V 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(24):12771-12783

The feasibility of Raman spectroscopy in combination with partial least-squares (PLS) regression for the determination of individual or grouped trans-monounsaturated fatty acids (trans-MUFA) and conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) in milk fat is demonstrated using spectra obtained at two temperature conditions: room temperature and after freezing at -80 °C. The PLS results displayed capability for direct semiroutine quantification of several individual CLA (cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 C18:2) and trans-MUFA (trans-4-15 C18:1) in minor concentrations (below 1.0 g/100 g of milk fat). Calibration models were based on reference data cross-correlation or determined by specific scattering signals in the Raman spectra. Distinct bands for trans-MUFA (1674 cm(-1)) and CLA (1653 cm(-1)) from the trans isolated and cis,trans conjugated C ═ C bonds were identified, as well as original evidence for the temperature effect (new bands, peak shifts, and higher intensities) on the Raman spectra of fatty acid methyl ester and triacylglyceride standards, are supplied.  相似文献   

Mechanistic insights into furan formation in Maillard model systems     

Van Lancker F  Adams A  Owczarek-Fendor A  De Meulenaer B  De Kimpe N 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(1):229-235

Furan has recently received considerable attention as a possibly carcinogenic compound occurring in thermally processed foods. Although several food constituents have been identified as furan precursors, multiple formation pathways remain unclear. Therefore, the mechanisms of furan formation in Maillard model systems were studied by means of the carbon module labeling (CAMOLA) technique. Under both roasting and pressure-cooking conditions, furan was formed from glucose via the intact skeleton, and its formation pathways from glucose alone were not amino acid-dependent. However, some amino acids, especially alanine and serine, did influence the furan production by providing an additional formation pathway. Furthermore, most amino acids enhanced the furan production from glucose. Roasting conditions produced 25-100 times higher amounts of furan as compared to pressure-cooking conditions. Surprisingly, in the alanine/glucose model systems, the relative importance of furan production from glucose alone and from the combination of a glucose-derived and an alanine-derived fragment changed completely over a limited time course of 60 min.  相似文献   

Magnetic resonance imaging vertebral canal and body ratios in Doberman Pinschers with and without disk-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy and clinically normal English Foxhounds     

De Decker S  Gielen IM  Duchateau L  Saunders JH  van Bree HJ  Polis I  Van Ham LM 《American journal of veterinary research》2011,72(11):1496-1504

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Leptospirosis in beef herds from western Canada: serum antibody titers and vaccination practices     

Van De Weyer LM  Hendrick S  Rosengren L  Waldner CL 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2011,52(6):619-626

One study described the frequency of pre-breeding vaccination for leptospirosis in 205 cow-calf herds from across western Canada and the prevalence of positive Leptospira antibody titers in unvaccinated, weaned calves from 61 of these herds. The percentages of herds vaccinated for leptospirosis were 13.7% in 2001 and 8.4% in 2002. Of 1539 calves examined, 13 (0.8%) had a positive antibody titer for a Leptospira serovar; the most common serovar detected was hardjo. A second study examined the prevalence of positive Leptospira antibody titers during the summer grazing season in 313 vaccinated and 478 unvaccinated cows from 40 cow-calf herds in southern Saskatchewan. Antibody titers for 7 Leptospira serovars were measured during the grazing season. Of the non-vaccinated cows, 9.6% were positive in the spring for serovar pomona, 6.7% for serovar grippotyphosa, and 6.1% for serovar icterohaemorrhagiae; the corresponding percentages for the fall were 5.5%, 3.0%, and 1.3%, respectively. Of 781 vaccinated and unvaccinated cows that were sampled twice, 11.3% of vaccinated cows and 2.3% of unvaccinated cows had increases in Leptospira antibody titers during the grazing season.  相似文献   

Neuro-imaging the serotonin 2A receptor as a valid biomarker for canine behavioural disorders     

Vermeire S  Audenaert K  De Meester R  Vandermeulen E  Waelbers T  De Spiegeleer B  Eersels J  Dobbeleir A  Peremans K 《Research in veterinary science》2011,91(3):465-472

The serotonergic system is disturbed in different mood and affective disorders, with especially the serotonin (5-HT) 2A receptor involved in impulsive aggressiveness and anxiety. The aim of the study was to evaluate the involvement of the brain 5-HT 2A receptor in dogs with different behavioural disorders. Three groups of drug naive dogs were studied: 22 dogs showing impulsive aggressive behaviour, 22 showing normal behaviour, and 22 showing anxious behaviour. The serotonin 2A receptor was evaluated with Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and the serotonin 2A receptor-selective radiopharmaceutical (123)I-R91150. A serotonin 2A receptor binding index (BI), proportional to the cortical receptor density, was calculated. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine cut-off values at which optimal sensitivity and specificity are achieved and to evaluate the general performance of the BI in reflecting the state of the dog, i.e., impulsive aggressive, normal or anxious. Significantly (P<0.0056) altered 5-HT 2A receptor binding indices were found in bilateral frontal, temporal and occipital cortical brain areas of the dogs behaving abnormally, with consistently increased BI in impulsive aggressive dogs and decreased BI in anxious dogs. These results provide clear evidence for a disturbed serotonergic balance in canine impulsive aggression and anxiety disorders. A right frontal cut-off value of ≥1.92 with 86.4% sensitivity and 2.3% (1-specificity) was obtained for the impulsive aggressive dogs. Differentiating the anxious dogs from the rest of the population was possible with a cut-off value of ≤1.73 with 86.4% sensitivity and 18.2% (1-specificity). We conclude that SPECT imaging with the radioligand (123)I-R91150 can be a helpful tool in evaluating the involvement of the serotonin 2A receptor in the complex mechanisms of impulsive aggressive and anxious behaviour. The 5HT-2A binding index of the right frontal cortex appears to be a valid biomarker in differentiating the studied canine behavioural disorders.  相似文献