Ultrasonographic findings of feline cholangitis     

Marolf AJ  Leach L  Gibbons DS  Bachand A  Twedt D 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2012,48(1):36-42

Cholangitis is a common inflammatory disorder of the biliary system in cats. There are two major forms based on the predominate type of inflammatory cell infiltrates: lymphocytic or neutrophilic. Ultrasound is a common imaging modality used in these patients. This retrospective study evaluated the ultrasound examinations of 26 cats with a histologic diagnosis of cholangitis. Most cats with cholangitis had sonographically normal liver size, echogenicity, and normal biliary systems. Statistically significant sonographic changes for cats with cholangitis included hyperechoic liver parenchyma, hyperechoic gallbladder contents, and increased pancreatic size. No statistically significant changes were noted to distinguish lymphocytic and neutrophilic forms of cholangitis. Cats with the sonographic features of diffuse liver hyperechogenicity, gallbladder contents and enlarged pancreas may suggest cholangitis.  相似文献   

Signs of generalized anxiety and compulsive disorders in chimpanzees     

Hope R. Ferdowsian  Debra L. Durham  Cassie Meré Johnson  Martin Brüne  Charles Kimwele  Godelieve Kranendonk  Emily Otali  Timothy Akugizibwe  J.B. Mulcahy  Lilly Ajarova 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2012,7(6):353-361

Fear and anxiety have been studied extensively in humans and other animals. However, far less attention has been focused on the clinical and ethical implications of nonhuman animals’ susceptibility to psychological disorders. Behavioral signs of psychopathology in nonhuman animals, including our closest phylogenetic relatives, are rarely described as clinical syndromes. In this study, we drew on approaches described in child psychiatry, veterinary medicine, and primatology, to identify behavioral clusters in chimpanzees comparable with human anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder and obsessive–compulsive disorder.In phase 1 of this study, we accessed published case reports of 20 chimpanzees subjected to maternal separation, social isolation, experimentation, or similar experiences. We tested the inter-rater reliability of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fourth edition; DSM-IV) criteria for generalized anxiety disorder and obsessive–compulsive disorder when applied to chimpanzees in these case studies. Additionally, based on the DSM-IV, veterinary approaches, and ethograms, we defined behaviorally anchored alternative criteria, which proved more reliable than the DSM-IV criteria in phase 1. In phase 2, the new behaviorally anchored criteria were applied to chimpanzees living in wild sites in Africa (n = 196) and those with previous histories of experimentation, orphanage, illegal seizure, or violent human conflict (n = 168) living in sanctuaries. In phase 2, 18% of chimpanzees living in sanctuaries met the set of behaviorally anchored criteria for generalized anxiety disorder, compared with 0.5% of those in the wild (P = 0.036), and 19% of chimpanzees in sanctuaries met the set of behaviorally anchored criteria for obsessive–compulsive disorder, compared with 0% of those in the wild (P = 0.071).Chimpanzees display behavioral clusters similar to anxiety disorders described in humans, underscoring the importance of ethical considerations regarding their use in experimentation and other captive settings.  相似文献   

Effect of kennel noise on hearing in dogs     

Scheifele P  Martin D  Clark JG  Kemper D  Wells J 《American journal of veterinary research》2012,73(4):482-489

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Gender differences in veterinarian-client-patient communication in companion animal practice     

Shaw JR  Bonnett BN  Roter DL  Adams CL  Larson S 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2012,241(1):81-88

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Synthesis,mechanism of action,and QSAR of herbicidal 3-substituted-2-aryl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazoles     

John W. Lyga  Russell M. Patera  Marjorie J. Plummer  Blaik P. Halling  Debra A. Yuhas 《Pest management science》1994,42(1):29-36

A factorially designed set of 3-substituted 2-aryl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazoles was synthesized and their herbicidal properties were evaluated using regression analysis. For optimal activity, the substituent at position 3 should be neither strongly hydrophobic nor hydrophilic and should have a small minimum radius. A study of the mechanism of action indicated that the tetrahydroindazoles are inhibitors of the enzyme protoporphyrinogen oxidase.  相似文献   

Red blood cell transfusions in cats: 126 cases (1999)     

Klaser DA  Reine NJ  Hohenhaus AE 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,226(6):920-923

OBJECTIVE: To determine the number of and reasons for RBC transfusions, incidence of acute transfusion reactions, prevalence of blood types, volume of blood administered, change in PCV, and clinical outcome in cats. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 126 cats that received RBC transfusions. PROCEDURE: Medical records of cats that received whole blood or packed RBC transfusions were reviewed for signalment, blood type, pre- and post-transfusion PCV, volume of blood product administered, clinical diagnosis and cause of anemia, clinical signs of acute transfusion reactions, and clinical outcome. RESULTS: Mean volume of whole blood administered i.v. was 172 mL/kg (7.8 mL/lb) versus 9.3 mL/kg (4.2 mL/lb) for packed RBCs. Ninety-four percent of cats had blood type A. Mean increase in PCV among all cats was 6%. Fifty-two percent of cats had anemia attributed to blood loss, 10% had anemia attributed to hemolysis, and 38% had anemia attributed to erythropoietic failure. Acute transfusion reactions occurred in 11 cats. Sixty percent of cats survived until discharge. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: RBC transfusions resulted in an increase in PCV in cats with all causes of anemia in this study. The rate of death was greater than in cats that did not receive transfusions, but seriousness of the underlying disease in the 2 groups may not be comparable. Death rate of cats that received transfusions was not attributable to a high rate of transfusion reactions. Results confirm that pretransfusion blood typing or crossmatching is required to minimize the risk of adverse reactions.  相似文献   

Ulcerative dermatitis, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia in neonatal foals     

Perkins GA  Miller WH  Divers TJ  Clark CK  Belgrave RL  Sellon DC 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2005,19(2):211-216

This report describes transient ulcerative dermatitis, severe thrombocytopenia, and mild neutropenia in 6 foals from 4 mares from geographically diverse regions of the United States. The foals presented at <4 days of age with oral and lingual ulcers, and crusting and erythema around the eyes, muzzle, and perineal, inguinal, axillary, trunk, and neck regions. There was a severe thrombocytopenia (0-30,000 platelets/microL), leukopenia (1900-3200 white blood cells/microL), and mild neutropenia (500-1800 neutrophils/microL). Four of the 6 foals had petechiae and ecchymotic hemorrhages and 3 had bleeding tendencies. Results of examination of a bone marrow biopsy from 1 foal were normal and results of a platelet surface immunoglobulin test in another were negative. Histopathology of the skin in all foals showed subepidermal clefting with subjacent vascular dilation, dermal hemorrhage, and superficial papillary necrosis. The foals were treated supportively with broad-spectrum antibiotics (5/6), corticosteroids (3/6), gastric ulcer prophylaxis (6/6), whole-blood transfusion (4/6), and platelet-rich plasma (1/6). The skin lesions and thrombocytopenia (>50,000 platelets/microL) improved in 2 weeks (4/6). Two foals had a decline in their platelet counts when the steroids were decreased and needed protracted treatment. All foals survived and were healthy as yearlings. Two mares that had 2 affected foals each, upon subsequent pregnancies to different stallions, had healthy foals when an alternate source of colostrum was given. The findings in the cases in this report suggest a possible relationship between colostral antibodies or some other factor in the colostrum and the thrombocytopenia and skin lesions, although further investigation is warranted to confirm or refute this hypothesis.  相似文献   

Radiotherapy of a recurrent ossifying fibroma in the paranasal sinuses of a horse     

Orsini JA  Baird DK  Ruggles AJ 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,224(9):1483-6, 1454

A 7-year-old female Thoroughbred was admitted with a history of labored breathing, stridor, and exercise intolerance. Examination revealed a mass in the left paranasal sinuses that was determined to be an ossifying fibroma. Initial treatment consisted of surgical removal of the mass alone; however, the mass recurred 9 months after surgery. The mass was again removed, and adjunctive radiotherapy consisting of 3,000 cGy of cobalt radiation was administered. This time, the tumor did not recur for > 6 years. A third surgery was performed to remove the mass, and adjunctive radiotherapy consisting of 4,000 cGy of photon beam radiation from a linear accelerator was administered. The mass did not recur during the subsequent 3 years. Ossifying fibromas are uncommon tumors that frequently recur if incompletely excised. Results in this horse suggest that adjunctive radiotherapy may delay or prevent tumor recurrence in affected horses.  相似文献   

Present status of equine cloning and clinical characterization of embryonic, fetal, and neonatal development of three cloned mules     

Vanderwall DK  Woods GL  Sellon DC  Tester DF  Schlafer DH  White KL 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,225(11):1694-1699

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What is your diagnosis? Cecocolic intussusception     

Taintor J  Stewart AJ  Christmann U  Beard D 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,225(12):1829-1830

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