Clinical signs and their association with herd demographics and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) control strategies in PRRS PCR-positive swine herds in Ontario     

Young B  Dewey C  Poljak Z  Rosendal T  Carman S 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2010,74(3):170-177

The purposes of this study were to describe the clinical signs observed in PRRS positive herds during a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) outbreak in Ontario and to determine associations between these clinical signs and herd demographics and PRRS control strategies. All PRRS polymerase chain reaction-(PCR)-positive submissions to a diagnostic laboratory between September 1, 2004 and August 31, 2007 were identified (n = 1864). After meeting eligibility requirements and agreeing to voluntary study participation, producers from 455 of these submissions were surveyed for information on clinical signs observed in their herds, herd demographics, and PRRS control strategies used in their herds at the time that the PCR-positive samples were taken. Larger herd size was associated with an increased risk of reporting abortion, weakborn piglets, off-feed sows, and sow mortality in sow herds, and with an increased risk of reporting mortality in finishing herds. When disease control strategies were examined, use of a commercial PRRS vaccine in sows and gilts was associated with a decreased risk of reporting weakborn pigs and high pre-weaning mortality, while the use of serum inoculation in breeding animals was associated with an increased risk of reporting off-feed sows and sow mortality. Providing biofeedback of stillborn/mummified piglets, placenta or feces to gilts was associated with an increased risk of reporting respiratory disease and mortality in finishing pigs while all-in/all-out flow in farrowing rooms was associated with an increased risk of reporting sow mortality and weakborn piglets.  相似文献   

Prevalence of Yersinia enterocolitica shedding and bioserotype distribution in Ontario finisher pig herds in 2001, 2002, and 2004     

Z. Poljak  C.E. Dewey  S.W. Martin  T. Rosendal  J. Christensen  B. Ciebin  R.M. Friendship 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2010,93(2-3):110-120

We investigated characteristics of Yersinia enterocolitica infection in Ontario finisher pig herds. Our specific objectives were to estimate or test: prevalence of Y. enterocolitica shedding in finisher pigs, bioserotype distribution, agreement between the herd-level tests based on sampling pig and pooled fecal samples, whether bioserotypes cluster by farms, and whether Y. enterocolitica-positive herds cluster spatially. In total, 3747 fecal samples were collected from 100 farms over the years 2001, 2002, and 2004 (250 total herd visits). Fecal samples were tested by culture and positive isolates were biotyped and serotyped.Apparent pig-level prevalence of Y. enterocolitica was 1.8%, 3.2%, and 12.5% in 2001, 2002, and 2004, respectively. Estimated true pig-level prevalence of Y. enterocolitica was 5.1%, 9.1%, and 35.1% in 2001, 2002, and 2004, respectively. Herd-level prevalence was 16.3%, 17.9%, and 37.5% in 2001, 2002, and 2004, respectively. In all years, the most common bioserotype was 4, O:3, followed by bioserotype 2, O:5,27. Kappa between herd-level status based on pig and pooled samples ranged between 0.51 and 0.68 for biotype 1A and bioserotype 4, O:3, respectively. For 4, O:3, a significant bias in discordant pairs was detected, indicating that pig samples were more sensitive than pooled samples in declaring a herd as positive. Farms tended to be repeatedly positive with the same bioserotype, but positive study farms did not cluster spatially (suggesting lack of between herd transmission and lack of a common geographic risk factor).  相似文献   

Pig and herd level prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Ontario finisher pigs in 2001, 2003, and 2004          下载免费PDF全文

Zvonimir Poljak  Catherine E Dewey  Robert M Friendship  S Wayne Martin  Jette Christensen  Davor Ojkic  John Wu  Eva Chow 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2008,72(4):303-310

The objective of this study was to estimate the apparent and true prevalence of exposure to Toxoplasma gondii in Ontario finisher pigs. During the study period (2001 to 2004), sera from 6048 pigs were tested with a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); 103 farms were included 1 to 3 times in the study. True prevalence was estimated using a Bayesian approach. Apparent prevalence at the pig level was 1.59% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.45, 2.99] in 2001, 0.06% (95% CI: 0.00, 0.46) in 2003, and 0.26% (95% CI: 0.00, 0.82) in 2004. Apparent prevalence at the herd-level was 13.7% (95% CI: 7.5, 22.3) in 2001; 1.25% (95% CI: 0.03, 6.77) in 2003, and 3.75% (95% CI: 0.78, 10.6) in 2004. Similarly, posterior Bayesian estimates of true prevalence at the pig level were 1.7% [95% probability interval (PI): 1.2, 2.2] in 2001, 0.2% (95% PI: 0.04, 0.4) in 2003, and 0.3% (95% PI: 0.1, 0.7) in 2004. At the herd level, posterior estimates of prevalence were 11.6% (95% PI: 7.4, 16.8) in 2001, 0% (95% PI: 0.0, 2.5) in 2003, and 1.2% (95% PI: 0.0, 5.0) in 2004 when a herd cut-point > or = 1 was used. Exposure to T. gondii in finishing pig farms in Ontario appears to be infrequent.  相似文献   

Morphometric features of the craniocervical junction region in dogs with suspected Chiari-like malformation determined by combined use of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography     

Marino DJ  Loughin CA  Dewey CW  Marino LJ  Sackman JJ  Lesser ML  Akerman MB 《American journal of veterinary research》2012,73(1):105-111

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Comparison of phenobarbital with bromide as a first-choice antiepileptic drug for treatment of epilepsy in dogs     

Boothe DM  Dewey C  Carpenter DM 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2012,240(9):1073-1083

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Field trial assessment of the efficacy of specific egg-yolk antibody product for control of postweaning E. coli diarrhea     

Chernysheva LV  Friendship RM  Gyles CL  Dewey CE 《Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine》2003,4(3):279-284

Postweaning diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in many swine nurseries throughout North America. Commercial products containing chicken egg-yolk antibodies specific for the control of K88+ E. coli diarrhea have been used in an attempt to prevent disease losses. The present study evaluated the use of an egg-yolk antibody product incorporated into nursery feed on two farms where K88+ E. coli diarrhea was identified as a problem. There were no differences in the prevalence of diarrhea or mortality between treatment and control pigs at either farm under routine management conditions.  相似文献   

Use of orally administered oxidised copper wire particles for copper therapy in cattle     

M P Deland  D Lewis  P R Cunningham  D W Dewey 《Australian veterinary journal》1986,63(1):1-3

Oxidised copper wire particles (OCWP) were given per os to cattle as an alternative to subcutaneous copper glycinate injections. OCWP were recovered from the stomachs of cattle slaughtered 3 months after treatment. OCWP (50g) treatment resulted in sustained higher plasma copper concentrations than subcutaneous injections of copper glycinate. OCWP given at high doses (300g) raised liver copper concentrations to 16 mmol/kg without clinical effects. It is concluded that OCWP could be a practical alternative to current injection methods of copper therapy.  相似文献   

External hydrocephalus in a dog with suspected bacterial meningoencephalitis     

Dewey CW 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2002,38(6):563-567

An approximately 12-week-old, male fox terrier was presented for clinical and physical signs consistent with hydrocephalus. Diagnostic evaluation led to a diagnosis of external hydrocephalus and fibrinopurulent meningoencephalitis. Treatment consisted of antibiotics and the placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. The dog improved neurologically and was alive and doing well 1 year following initial presentation. This is the first reported case of external hydrocephalus in the dog. The dog of this report exhibited clinical features consistent with a disorder termed hydrocephalus with periventricular encephalitis.  相似文献   

Co-expression of a NADPH:P450 reductase enhances CYP71A10-dependent phenylurea metabolism in tobacco     

Balazs Siminszky  Ann M. FreytagBonnie S. Sheldon  Ralph E. Dewey 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2003,77(2):35-43

A soybean cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, designated CYP71A10, catalyzes the oxidative N-demethylation or ring methyl hydroxylation of a variety of phenylurea herbicides. The ectopic expression of CYP71A10 in tobacco was previously shown to be an effective means of enhancing whole plant tolerance to the compounds linuron and chlortoluron. Because P450 enzymes require ancillary proteins to catalyze the transfer of electrons from NADPH to the functional heme group of the P450, it is possible that the endogenous levels of these companion proteins may be insufficient to support the optimal activation of a highly expressed recombinant P450. In the present report, we have generated transgenic tobacco that simultaneously express CYP71A10 and a soybean P450 reductase. Transformed plants that express both CYP71A10 and the P450 reductase demonstrated 20-23% higher metabolic activity against phenylurea herbicides than control plants expressing CYP71A10 alone. These results suggest that herbicide tolerance strategies based on the expression of P450 genes may require concomitant expression of a cognate electron transport partner to fully exploit the herbicide metabolic capacity of the P450.  相似文献   

Magnetic resonance imaging of two suspected cases of global brain ischemia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gregory L. Panarello  DVM    Curtis W. Dewey  DVM  MS  DACVIM  DACVS    Georgina Barone  DVM    Joseph D. Stefanacci  VMD  DACVR 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2004,14(4):269-277

Objective: To describe the clinical findings and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of two animals with suspected global brain ischemia (GBI). Series summary: Two brachycephalic animals (Persian cat and Boston terrier) presented for altered mentation, blindness, ataxia, and seizures after being anesthetized. Common to both anesthetic protocols was ketamine. Clinically, the neurological deficits developed rapidly and did not progress after the initial 24 hours. MRI findings were most consistent with GBI. MRI, including pre‐ and post‐T1 weighted, T2 weighted, and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) studies, was used to image these animals. Abnormalities were seen post‐T1, T2, and FLAIR. Both animals improved neurologically with supportive care over several weeks, but both remained blind. New information: The use of MRI for diagnosing GBI.  相似文献