THE SUPREME INTELLECTUAL OBLIGATION     

Dewey J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1934,79(2046):240-243

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Estimating potentials for nitrate-N reduction and nitrogen transformations from field incubations     

Alan Olness  B.W. Dewey 《Geoderma》1982,28(2):117-128

Fine-textured soil cores were saturated with KNO₃ solutions, withdrawn at periodic in tervals and examined for mineral N forms. Reduction of NO₃^? was correlated with time using a first-order rate function. Instantaneous initial NO₃^?-N reduction rates were determined by taking derivatives of the rate function and setting t = 0. Duplicate experiments gave maximum NO₃^?-N reduction rates of 1.0 μ N/g soil/h or ? 100 kg NO₃^?-N/ha/day. Calculated NO₃^? reduction rates increased with depth down to 30 cm. Net NO₃^?-N reduction ceased between 48 and 96 h after which net NO₃^?-N production of 0.016 to 0.29 μg N/g soil/h (～1.5 kg N/ha/day/0 to 20 cm) occurred. Net NH₄⁺-N mineralization ranged from about 0.03 to 0.05 μg N/g soil/h (3.5 to 4.0 kg N/ha/day/0 to 30 cm). Both instantaneous initial NO₃^?-N loss rates and N mineralization rates are similar to results of laboratory studies elsewhere on similar soil types. This procedure for estimating N-transformations may be useful where other techniques are either not adequate or not feasible for field use.  相似文献   

ROBERT BOWNE WARDER     

Cameron FV  Clarke FW  Seaman WH  Dewey FP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1906,23(579):195-197

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The Feline Acute Patient Physiologic and Laboratory Evaluation (Feline APPLE) Score: a severity of illness stratification system for hospitalized cats     

Hayes G  Mathews K  Doig G  Kruth S  Boston S  Nykamp S  Poljak Z  Dewey C 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2011,25(1):26-38

Background: Scores allowing objective stratification of illness severity are available for dogs and horses, but not cats. Validated illness severity scores facilitate the risk‐adjusted analysis of results in clinical research, and also have applications in triage and therapeutic protocols. Objective: To develop and validate an accurate, user‐friendly score to stratify illness severity in hospitalized cats. Animals: Six hundred cats admitted consecutively to a teaching hospital intensive care unit. Methods: This observational cohort study enrolled all cats admitted over a 32‐month period. Data on interventional, physiological, and biochemical variables were collected over 24 hours after admission. Patient mortality outcome at hospital discharge was recorded. After random division, 450 cats were used for logistic regression model construction, and data from 150 cats for validation. Results: Patient mortality was 25.8%. Five‐ and 8‐variable scores were developed. The 8‐variable score contained mentation score, temperature, mean arterial pressure (MAP), lactate, PCV, urea, chloride, and body cavity fluid score. Area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) on the construction cohort was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.87–0.94), and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84–0.96) on the validation cohort. The 5‐variable score contained mentation score, temperature, MAP, lactate, and PCV. AUROC on the construction cohort was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.79–0.86), and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.72–0.84) on the validation cohort. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Two scores are presented enabling allocation of an accurate and user‐friendly illness severity measure to hospitalized cats. Scores are calculated from data obtained over the 1st 24 hours after admission, and are diagnosis‐independent. The 8‐variable score predicts outcome significantly better than does the 5‐variable score.  相似文献   

Spinal cord nephroblastoma in dogs: 11 cases (1985-2007)     

Brewer DM  Cerda-Gonzalez S  Dewey CW  Diep AN  Van Horne K  McDonough SP 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2011,238(5):618-624

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Measurement of Parity Nonconservation and an Anapole Moment in Cesium     

CS Wood  SC Bennett  D Cho  BP Masterson  JL Roberts  CE Tanner  CE Wieman 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,275(5307):1759-1763

The amplitude of the parity-nonconserving transition between the 6S and 7S states of cesium was precisely measured with the use of a spin-polarized atomic beam. This measurement gives Im(E1pnc)/beta = -1.5935(56) millivolts per centimeter and provides an improved test of the standard model at low energy, including a value for the S parameter of -1.3(3)exp (11)theory. The nuclear spin-dependent contribution was 0.077(11) millivolts per centimeter; this contribution is a manifestation of parity violation in atomic nuclei and is a measurement of the long-sought anapole moment.  相似文献   

The effect of ‘allergenic’ and ‘nonallergenic’ antibiotics on dog keratinocyte viability in vitro     

David Schaeffer  Dewey Kim  Karen L. Campbell  Sidonie N. Lavergne 《Veterinary dermatology》2013,24(5):501-e119

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Spirometra erinacei / S. erinaceieuropaei in a feral cat in Manawatu with chronic intermittent diarrhoea     

CE Ugarte  DG Thomas  RB Gasser  M Hu  I Scott  MG Collett 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):347-351

CASE HISTORY: A feral cat captured in the Manawatu region of New Zealand was treated for worms and fleas, and kept confined in a metabolic cage. It showed good appetite and weight gain but had intermittent watery, yellow diarrhoea.

CLINICAL FINDINGS: Clinical examination under sedation was unremarkable and routine blood tests showed no significant abnormalities. The cat was negative for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV). Different canned cat foods did not alter the course of the diarrhoea, and the cat was euthanised 6 months after capture. At necropsy, two sections of adult Spirometra tapeworms were found in the jejunum and typical Spirometra eggs were found in colonic contents. Molecular identification of the parasite was undertaken, using the cytochrome- c oxidase subunit-1 gene (cox1) sequence.

DIAGNOSIS: Chronic intermittent diarrhoea associated with Spirometra erinacei / S. erinaceieuropaei infection.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Spirometra has not been reported in New Zealand before but has been associated with gastrointestinal disease in cats in other parts of the world. It requires speciestargeted treatment to be eliminated effectively, and is zoonotic. Diagnosis could be diffi cult for clinicians who are not familiar with the parasite and its life cycle.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the risk factors for shedding Salmonella with or without antimicrobial resistance in swine using multinomial regression method     

Farzan A  Friendship RM  Dewey CE  Poppe C  Funk J 《Zoonoses and public health》2010,57(Z1):85-93

A multinomial logistic regression method was used to investigate the risk factors for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella isolated from faecal samples collected on 80 Ontario swine farms in Canada. The samples were classified into three groups including Salmonella-negative samples (S-), Salmonella-positive samples without AMR (S+AMR-) and Salmonella-positive samples with AMR (S+AMR+). The samples collected directly from pigs had a greater chance to be positive for Salmonella with AMR compared to those samples collected from the pen floor. The odds of culturing Salmonella with or without AMR was higher if pelleted feed was used compared with mash or liquid feed (P < 0.001). The faecal samples collected on farrow-to-finish farms had a significant lower chance of testing positive for Salmonella with multidrug resistance than the samples from grow-finisher farms (P = 0.004). The chance of culturing Salmonella without AMR on farms with a continuous system was higher than on farms with an all-in/all-out system (P = 0.009). However, there was no significant association between the flow system and recovery of Salmonella with AMR. The larger farms were more likely to be in S+AMR+ group than in S- group (P < 0.001) whereas herd size did not appear as a risk factor for being in S+AMR- group compared with S- group. These findings indicate that although on-farm antimicrobial use is one component of resistance, there might be other farm management factors that also affect the development of emerging resistant bacterial foodborne pathogens on swine farms. Finding different risk factors for shedding Salmonella with or without antimicrobial resistance would help to take the appropriate approach to each group if a control programme were to be implemented or an intervention applied.  相似文献   

The REFLECT Statement: Methods and Processes of Creating Reporting Guidelines for Randomized Controlled Trials for Livestock and Food Safety by Modifying the CONSORT Statement†     

A. M. O’Connor  J. M. Sargeant  I. A. Gardner  J. S. Dickson  M. E. Torrence  Consensus Meeting Participants  C. E. Dewey  I. R. Dohoo  R. B. Evans  J. T. Gray  M. Greiner  G. Keefe  S. L. Lefebvre  P. S. Morley  A. Ramirez  W. Sischo  D. R. Smith  K. Snedeker  J. Sofos  M. P. Ward  R. Wills 《Zoonoses and public health》2010,57(2):95-104

The conduct of randomized controlled trials in livestock with production, health and food‐safety outcomes presents unique challenges that may not be adequately reported in trial reports. The objective of this project was to modify the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) statement to reflect the unique aspects of reporting these livestock trials. A 2‐day consensus meeting was held on 18–19 November 2008 in Chicago, IL, USA, to achieve the objective. Prior to the meeting, a Web‐based survey was conducted to identify issues for discussion. The 24 attendees were biostatisticians, epidemiologists, food‐safety researchers, livestock‐production specialists, journal editors, assistant editors and associate editors. Prior to the meeting, the attendees completed a Web‐based survey indicating which CONSORT statement items may need to be modified to address unique issues for livestock trials. The consensus meeting resulted in the production of the REFLECT (Reporting Guidelines for Randomized Control Trials) statement for livestock and food safety and 22‐item checklist. Fourteen items were modified from the CONSORT checklist and an additional sub‐item was proposed to address challenge trials. The REFLECT statement proposes new terminology, more consistent with common usage in livestock production, to describe study subjects. Evidence was not always available to support modification to or inclusion of an item. The use of the REFLECT statement, which addresses issues unique to livestock trials, should improve the quality of reporting and design for trials reporting production, health and food‐safety outcomes.  相似文献