The effects of PPR on the reproductive health of Black Bengal goats and the possible role played by oxidative stress     

Pankaj Kumar  Amitava Dey  Abhay Kumar  Pradeep Kumar Ray  Poolangulam Chinnakkan Chandran  Rashmi Rekha Kumari  Manish Kumar 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(7):1441-1447

Outbreaks of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) viral disease in Black Bengal goats were investigated from the middle Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. Clinical profile of PPR-affected flocks was recorded from four different outbreak sites of the region. The PPR outbreak was diagnosed serologically using commercially available sandwich ELISA kit. Relatively, low mortality rate (mean 26.75%) for PPR outbreak was recorded due to the endemic status of the disease. To understand the role of oxidative stress in PPR virus pathogenesis, various oxidant and antioxidant parameters in goats infected with PPR were estimated and compared with the uninfected/healthy goats of the same flock. The measured high level of pro-oxidant malondialdehyde (MDA) obtained from lipid peroxidation along with lower levels of anti-oxidants viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) in PPR-affected Black Bengal goats suggests oxidative stress as one of the mechanism of pathogenesis of PPR virus. In addition, the correlation of oxidative stress due to PPR and the resulting reproductive disorders in the female goats were evaluated. The abortion in pregnant does observed during PPR outbreak was proportional to debility and oxidative stress manifested during PPR infection. The reproductive performance of recovered female goats in the period of 18 months of monitoring was significantly compromised in terms of kidding and twinning frequency. The mortality rate in kids born from PPR-recovered goats was significantly higher compared to those from health goats in the first 9 months post-recovery. From the present study, it may be concluded that together with the PPR virus, infection in goats and the resulting oxidative stress play a vital role for abortion and reduced post-reproductive performance in Black Bengal female goat.  相似文献   

Effect of midstory and understory removal on the establishment and development of natural and artificial pin oak advance reproduction in bottomland forests   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Jonathan R. Motsinger  John M. Kabrick  Daniel C. Dey  Dawn E. Henderson  Eric K. Zenner 《New Forests》2010,39(2):195-213

Regenerating oaks (Quercus L.) on mesic and hydric sites has remained a problem largely because of inadequate density and poor distribution of large oak advance reproduction prior to harvesting. We examined the effect of midstory and understory removal on the establishment and 3-year development of natural and artificial sources of pin oak (Q. palustris Muenchh.) advance reproduction in bottomland forests in southeastern Missouri, USA. Midstory and understory removals increased the photosynthetically-active radiation (PAR) reaching the seedling layer from about 3 to 15%. This increased light did not increase the density of natural pin oak advance reproduction compared to control, but it increased the survival and nominally increased the growth of the natural pin oak advance reproduction. Where the midstory and understory had been removed, underplanted RPM^® container stock and bareroot pin oak stock maintained high survival, but of the two only the RPM^® stock maintained positive height and diameter growth while bareroot stock suffered some growth reductions. Pin oaks originating from the direct seeding of stratified acorns sown in the spring had low germination and survival, but the survivors had growth rates similar to those of natural seedlings in thinned stands. Applying triclopyr to competitors in the ground flora layer only nominally increased PAR but reduced the percent survival and marginally increased the growth of natural and artificial pin oak. We conclude that artificial reproduction may be used to further increase the probability of achieving adequate numbers of the desired species in the future. Bareroot seedlings may not perform as well as RPM^® seedlings and natural seedlings already present. However, bareroot and RPM^® seedlings remained significantly larger than the natural seedlings after 3 years.  相似文献   

Influence of overstory density on ecophysiology of red oak (Quercus rubra) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum) seedlings in central Ontario shelterwoods     

Parker WC  Dey DC 《Tree physiology》2008,28(5):797-804

A field experiment was established in a second-growth hardwood forest dominated by red oak (Quercus rubra L.) to examine the effects of shelterwood overstory density on leaf gas exchange and seedling water status of planted red oak, naturally regenerated red oak and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) seedlings during the first growing season following harvest. Canopy cover of uncut control stands and moderate and light shelterwoods averaged 97, 80 and 49%, respectively. Understory light and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) strongly influenced gas exchange responses to overstory reduction. Increased irradiance beneath the shelterwoods significantly increased net photosynthesis (P(n)) and leaf conductance to water vapor (G(wv)) of red oak and maple seedlings; however, P(n) and G(wv) of planted and naturally regenerated red oak seedlings were two to three times higher than those of sugar maple seedlings in both partial harvest treatments, due in large part to decreased stomatal limitation of gas exchange in red oak as a result of increased VPD in the shelterwoods. In both species, seedling water status was higher in the partial harvest treatments, as reflected by the higher predawn leaf water potential and seedling water-use efficiency in seedlings in shelterwoods than in uncut stands. Within a treatment, planted and natural red oak seedlings exhibited similar leaf gas exchange rates and water status, indicating little adverse physiological effect of transplanting. We conclude that the use of shelterwoods favors photosynthetic potential of red oak over sugar maple, and should improve red oak regeneration in Ontario.  相似文献   

Optimizing protocol for efficient microspore embryogenesis and doubled haploid development in different maturity groups of cauliflower (B. oleracea var. botrytis L.) in India     

R. Bhatia  S. S. Dey  Shritika Sood  Kanika Sharma  V. K. Sharma  Chander Parkash  Raj Kumar 《Euphytica》2016,208(3):439-451

  相似文献   

FOOD SAFETY STANDARDS AND REGULATORY MEASURES: IMPLICATIONS FOR SELECTED FISH EXPORTING ASIAN COUNTRIES     

Madan M. Dey  M. A. Rab  K. M. Jahan  A. Nisapa  A. Kumar  M. Ahmed 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2013,17(1-2):217-236

ABSTRACT

Developing Asian countries continue to record an impressive trade surplus in fish products. However, raising consumer concerns about a range of food safety matters and increasingly stringent regulatory standards related to fish product supply pose on-going challenges to the sustained international market access of many developing country suppliers. This paper provides an overview of emerging trade patterns in fish products and the trade regime in which this is occurring. It then reviews the implementation of various food safety standards on fish and seafood exports in the major fish-exporting countries in Asia, and analyzes the costs and benefits of compliance with these standards and regulations in these countries. Results show that, at the factory level, implementation of the standards has significantly increased the cost of processing, and the cost per unit of fish processed is higher for the smaller plants. These economies of scale could exclude small operators in developing countries. Continued competitiveness of small plants would seem to require government policies and support designed to minimize the cost of compliance with international standards.  相似文献   

A suggested approach for design of oak (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Quercus</Emphasis> L.) regeneration research considering regional differences     

Daniel C. Dey  Martin A. Spetich  Dale R. Weigel  Paul S. Johnson  David L. Graney  John M. Kabrick 《New Forests》2009,37(2):123-135

Research on oak (Quercus L.) regeneration has generally consisted of small-scale studies of treatments designed to favor oak, including consideration of site quality and topographic effects on oak regeneration. However, these experiments have not consistently factored in broader-scale ecological differences found in the eastern United States. Oak regeneration experiments should be replicated at appropriate ecological scales to address the similarities and differences in regeneration following prescribed silvicultural treatments among ecological units. Patterns in oak regeneration can be better understood in an ecological context by considering how oak species interact in the differing physical environments and are able to maintain dominance in changing complexes of competing vegetation among the selected eco-units. Our understanding of oak regeneration response to specific silvicultural practices and our ability to model regeneration is improved when we use replication, blocking, or factorial deployment of relatively small-scale (0.5–1.0 ha) treatment plots within an ecological classification system. We present an example of this approach to understanding oak regeneration dynamics in a synthesis of research to regenerate northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) by underplanting shelterwoods in Arkansas, Missouri and Indiana. We summarize important considerations to guide the design of future research in oak regeneration. Paul S. Johnson and David L. Graney—Retired U.S. Forest Service scientists.  相似文献   

Genetic analysis of important antioxidant compounds in cabbage (Brassiaca oleracea var. capitata L.)     

Chander Parkash  Sandeep Kumar  Nisha Thakur  Satish Kumar  S. S. Dey  Reeta Bhatia 《Journal of Crop Improvement》2017,31(3):418-437

The paucity of research on development of antioxidant-rich hybrids in cabbage by utilizing combining ability estimates, gene action, and heterosis motivated us to undertake this study. We made 60 crosses between 5 cytoplasmic male-sterile lines and 12 male-fertile testers during the summer of 2015, as per the line × tester design. The seedlings of all the parents and 60 F₁ crosses, along with three checks, were transplanted during the Rabi (winter) season of 2015–2016 and evaluated using a randomized complete-block design. Combining ability, gene action, and heterosis were determined for different antioxidant compounds. Experimental results revealed that the range of cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) [parents = 1.26–7.33 and hybrids = 0.04–6.54 μmol trolox/g], ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) [parents = 1.65–4.76 and hybrids = 0.16–4.67 μmol trolox/g], β-carotene (parents = 0.44–2.29 and hybrids = 0.04–1.89 μg/100 g), and chlorophyll-a (parents = 0.71–4.08 and hybrids = 0.19–3.08 mg/g f.w.) for hybrids was lower than that of the parents because of outbreeding depression. The parental lines 6A, 208A, 83-5-8, and Sel-5-83-6 were found to be good general combiners for most of the antioxidant compounds studied. Based on the mean performance, specific combining ability effects and heterosis, five hybrid combinations viz., 9A × KIRC-8 for CUPRAC and FRAP; 208A × C-122 for ascorbic acid; 6A × Chhaki-2 for total carotenoids and β-carotene; 831A × Chhaki-2 for chlorophyll-a; and 6A × 83-5-8 for chlorophyll-b and total chlorophyll content, were most promising. The ratio of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) variances, i.e., [2 σ²g/(2σ²g + σ²s)], which reflects the relative importance of GCA versus SCA, was less than unity for different antioxidant compounds, which implied that for these traits, nonadditive gene effects were more important than additive effects. The numerical values of range for contribution of lines × testers interaction for different traits (41.47–70.18%) were found to be higher than the individual contribution of lines (11.24–47.22%) and testers (8.31–21.76%). Hence, heterosis could be exploited for developing antioxidant-rich hybrid cabbage.  相似文献   

Fish to 2030: The Role and Opportunity for Aquaculture     

Mimako Kobayashi  Siwa Msangi  Miroslav Batka  Stefania Vannuccini  Madan M. Dey  James L. Anderson 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2015,19(3):282-300

Seafood sector can contribute to the global food supply in an important way, and provide an important source of animal protein. Based on observed regional trends in seafood production and consumption and using a global, partial-equilibrium, multi-market model, this study investigates what the global seafood market may look like in 2030. The model projects that the total fish supply will increase from 154 million tons in 2011 to 186 million tons in 2030, with aquaculture entirely responsible for the increase. The fastest aquaculture growth is expected for tilapia and shrimp, while the largest expansion is expected in India, Latin America and Caribbean and Southeast Asia. Fast-growing seafood demand in China and elsewhere represents a critical opportunity for global fisheries and aquaculture to improve their management and achieve sustainable seafood economy.  相似文献   

River dolphin distribution in regulated river systems: implications for dry‐season flow regimes in the Gangetic basin     

Sunil Choudhary  Sushant Dey  Subhashish Dey  Viveksheel Sagar  Tarun Nair  Nachiket Kelkar 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2012,22(1):11-25

THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF SEMI-INTENSIVE AQUACULTURE ON BIODIVERSITY     

Robert Pomeroy  Madan M. Dey  Nataliya Plesha 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2013,17(3):303-324

As a result of the concern and debate about the impacts of intensive aquaculture development on biodiversity, semi-intensive aquaculture is being considered as an alternative. Although the biophysical impacts of aquaculture on biodiversity have been examined, there is only limited understanding of the social and economic impacts of aquaculture on biodiversity, and especially the impacts of the shift from intensive to semi-intensive systems. The purposes of this article are twofold: (1) to identify and discuss the social and economic impacts of aquaculture on biodiversity, and (2) to examine the impacts while moving from intensive to semi-intensive systems. After discussing the findings of our study, we provide some recommendations as to how to minimize social and economic impacts of aquaculture on biodiversity by moving to a lower intensity aquaculture system. The integrated agriculture-aquaculture farming systems, stakeholder involvement in management, and well defined basic rights are aquaculture systems that contribute to conservation of biodiversity.  相似文献