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971.
In Japan, ammoniacal copper quaternary wood preservatives type-1 (ACQ-1), which contains copper and benzalkonium chloride
as its active ingredients, is among the most widely used wood preservatives in the pressure treatment of wood. Benzalkonium
chloride (BAC) in commercial ACQ-1 products mainly comprises C12 and C14 homologues. In the present study, the leaching characteristics
of these BAC homologues were investigated using the heartwood and sapwood portions of Japanese cedar, Japanese larch, and
Sakhalin fir treated with ACQ-1 and 1% monoethanolamine (MEA) solution containing equimolar amounts of homologues. Distilled
water (DW) and artificial seawater (SW) were used as leaching media. Consequently, it was observed that the leaching rate
of the C12 homologue tended to be higher than that of the C14 homologue in DW. The leaching of C12 homologues was accelerated
by using SW, resulting in a significantly higher leaching rate than the C14 homologue using SW. It was thought that the difference
in the hydrophobicities based on alkyl chain lengths resulted in these phenomena. However, when the heartwood portion of Japanese
larch was treated with the homologues in MEA, the leaching rate of the C14 homologue was significantly higher than that of
the C12 homologue. 相似文献
972.
探讨了氧化铁颜料对木纤维.高密度聚乙烯复合材耐老化性能的改善作用。采用四种常用的氧化铁颜料与木纤维、高密度聚乙烯和其他加工助剂干混,并用自行设计的双螺杆/单螺杆双阶挤出机组制造木塑复合材料。对该木塑复合材料进行人工加速紫外循环老化处理,用CIE1976L^*a^*b^*表色体系和ASTMD790标准分别对老化前后的材料进行测试,结果显示加入颜料以后木塑复合材料的抗弯弹性模量没有明显的变化,但是弯曲强度都有一定程度的提高。经过2000h人工加速紫外老化以后,不论是颜色要是力学性能都发生了明显的变化。铁红和铁黑着色的试样在整个老化过程中表现较好,颜料添加量约2.28%比较适宜。 相似文献
973.
We present some applied data concerning the torsional behavior of glued-laminated wood beams under several loading programs.
These data can contribute to adequate modeling of such behavior. We review the theory of the structure and rheology of the
wood material and the torsion of beams, particularly those that are anisotropic, and we describe the test device and the experimental
environment that led to the data in question. We show the failure characteristics of the studied beams in monotonous torsion
and the influence of the loading amplitude in cyclic torsion on their behavior.
Received: May 21, 2001 / Accepted: January 9, 2002
Correspondence to:M. Araar 相似文献
974.
Taiwania (Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata), native to Taiwan, is one of the most economically important tree species grown there. In this article we summarize
the current results of phytochemistry and bioactivity of Taiwania extracts, including antifungal, antitermite, antibacterial,
and antimite activities as well as cytotoxicity against three tumor cells. The resources of Taiwania are also addressed.
Received: January 23, 2002 / Accepted: March 8, 2002
Acknowledgment The authors thank the National Science Council of R.O.C. for financial support (NSC-90-2313-B-002-344).
Correspondence to:S.-T. Chang 相似文献
975.
Effect of bamboo vinegar on regulation of germination and radicle growth of seed plants 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Two kinds of bamboo vinegar from madake bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusoides) and moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) were prepared to analyze their components by gas chromatography (GC). The original vinegar, distilled vinegar, ether-extracted
vinegar, and three fractions including acidic, neutral, and phenolic fractions separated from ether-extracted vinegar were
diluted with distilled water 102 to 107 times. These diluted vinegar solutions were used to investigate the effect of bamboo vinegar on the germination and radicle
growth of seed plants. High concentrations of all kinds of treated bamboo vinegars (e.g., 102 of original vinegar and 103 of ether-extracted vinegar) showed strong inhibition against germination of the seeds. However, an appropriate dilution of
bamboo vinegar showed an obvious promotional effect on germination and radicle growth for the four kinds of tested seeds (lettuce,
watercress, honewort, chrysanthemum).
Received: December, 12, 2001 / Accepted: July 29, 2002
RID="*"
ID="*" Part of this paper was presented at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 2001 相似文献
976.
The morphological, physical, and mechanical properties of the nonwood plant fiber bundles of ramie, pineapple, sansevieria,
kenaf, abaca, sisal, and coconut fiber bundles were investigated. All fibers except those of coconut fiber had noncircular
cross-sectional shapes. The crosssectional area of the fiber bundles was evaluated by an improved method using scanning electron
microscope images. The coefficient factor defined as the ratio of the cross-sectional area determined by diameter measurement,
to the cross-sectional area determined by image analysis was between 0.92 and 0.96 for all fibers. This indicated that the
area determined by diameter measurement was available. The densities of the fiber bundles decreased with increasing diameters.
The diameters of each fiber species had small variation of around 3.4%-9.8% within a specimen. The tensile strength and Young’s
modulus of ramie, pineapple, and sansevieria fiber bundles showed excellent values in comparison with the other fibers. The
tensile strength and Young’s modulus showed a decreasing trend with increasing diameter of fiber bundles. 相似文献
977.
Biomass and net primary productivity (NPP) are two important parameters in determining ecosystem carbon pool and carbon sequestration. The biomass storage and NPP in desert shrubland of Artemisia ordosica on Ordos Plateau were investigated with method of harvesting standard size shrub in the growing season (June-October) of 2006. Results indicated that above- and belowground biomass of the same size shrubs showed no significant variation in the growing season (p〉0.1), but annual biomass varied significantly (p〈 0.01). In the A. ordosica community, shrub biomass storage was 699.76-1246.40 g.m^-2 and annual aboveground NPP was 224.09 g-m^-2·a^-1. Moreover, shrub biomass and NPP were closely related with shrub dimensions (cover and height) and could be well predicted by shrub volume using power regression. 相似文献
978.
Xu Jun-liang Ma Lv-yi 《中国林学(英文版)》2007,9(4):251-255
In order to explore the relationship between the time processes of solar radiation and sap flow, sap flow velocity (SFV) of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis, effective solar radiation (ESR) and other environmental factors were synchronously monitored for one year in the Beijing Western Mountains by using a thermal dissipation probe (TDP) system and an automatic weather station. Results showed significant differences between changes in diurnal characteristics of ESR and sap flow in sunny days during three seasons. Starting times of sap flow occurred generally 1.5–3 hours later than those of solar radiation and there were small differences between Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis. But peak times and stopping times of sap flow varied con-siderably with large contrasts in ESR. The duration of sap flow showed clear differences among the seasons owing to the variable rhythms of climate factors in Beijing. Fluctuation amplitude in the duration of sap flow remained relatively stable during the autumn but changed greatly during spring and summer. Changes in diurnal sap flow velocity of both Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabu-laeformis were about 0–3 hours later than those of ESR but with the same configuration. The start of sap flow was mainly induced by the sudden intensification of ESR (sunrise effect). Seasonal models of SFV indicated that a cubic equation had the best fit. It was more practical to simulate seasonal water consumption models of trees with ESR. In further investigations, these models should be optimized. 相似文献
979.
A study was conducted in northwest Florida, USA, to investigate root development and morphology of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under pecan (Carya illinoensis K. Koch) trees in an alleycropping experiment. Root:shoot ratio, root biomass, total root length and root length density
were examined under three treatments: (1) barrier (separating belowground interspecific competition by trenching to a depth
of 120 cm and installing polyethylene barrier), (2) non-barrier (root systems were free to interact), and (3) monoculture
of cotton (without above and belowground interspecific competition with trees). Results indicated that plants in the barrier
and non-barrier treatments had lower root:shoot ratios compared to the monoculture treatment. Belowground competition for
resources between pecan and cotton in the non-barrier treatment resulted in 25 and 33% reduction of total root length (359 cm)
when compared to that of the barrier (477 cm) and monoculture (539 cm) treatments, respectively. The non-barrier plants also
exhibited the lowest root length density. Specific root length was highest for the monoculture (179 cm g−1) and lowest for the non-barrier treatment (146 cm g−1) with the barrier treatment being intermediate (165 cm g−1). Interspecific competition with pecan significantly altered root development and morphology of cotton plants. Research in
agroforestry should take into account the developmental differences in root systems of the associated crop species so that
better models incorporating nutrient and water uptake can be developed. 相似文献
980.
Heat treatments change the chemical and physical properties of wood and dimensional stability and hygroscopicity are affected
as a result of modifications of wood cell components. This study evaluated the water absorption of wood specimens treated
with boron compounds followed by heat treatment. Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) sapwood specimens treated with either boric acid (BA) or disodium octoborate tetrahydrate (DOT) solutions were heat-modified
at either 180° or 220°C for 2 or 4 h. Carbohydrate composition and water absorption of the specimens were then measured and
compared with those of untreated and unheated specimens. Wood carbohydrates were significantly degraded in the specimens after
heat treatment. The heat treatment evidently decreased the water absorption and the heat-modified specimens absorbed less
water than unheated specimens. The higher the treatment temperature and the longer the treatment time, the lower the amount
of absorbed water. The boron-treated and heat-modified specimens, however, showed increased water absorption due to the hygroscopic
properties of BA and DOT. 相似文献