Association of markers in the bovine CAPN1 gene with meat tenderness in large crossbred populations that sample influential industry sires   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Page BT  Casas E  Quaas RL  Thallman RM  Wheeler TL  Shackelford SD  Koohmaraie M  White SN  Bennett GL  Keele JW  Dikeman ME  Smith TP 《Journal of animal science》2004,82(12):3474-3481

Two previously identified single-nucleotide polymorphism markers located within the micromolar calcium-activated neutral protease gene (CAPN1) were evaluated for their association with variation in meat tenderness using one commercial sample of Simmental x Angus crossbred calves and one multibreed, crossbred research herd. The commercial sample included 362 animals sired by 23 registered Simmental bulls bred to unregistered Angus cows and represented current industry animals in which to test the predictive merit of the markers. The second sample was a research herd including 564 steers from the Germplasm Evaluation Cycle VII population at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, produced with semen from popular sires of the seven Bos taurus beef breeds with the most registrations in the United States (Angus, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, Limousin, Red Angus, and Simmental) on Angus, Hereford, and MARC III cows. These animals form a relatively outbred population that constituted a stringent test of the predictive merit of the genetic markers, although small groups were half-sibs. Warner-Bratzler shear force measurements were used to determine tenderness phenotypes for all animals. The populations were genotyped for two markers that predict variation at amino acid positions 316 and 530 of the mu-calpain polypeptide, produced by the CAPN1 gene. Minor allele frequencies for markers 316 and 530 in the commercial sample were 0.17 and 0.37, respectively, and in the Cycle VII animals, were 0.20 and 0.28, respectively. Both markers showed association with shear force in the commercial sample (P = 0.04) and the Cycle VII population (P = 0.02), supporting the hypothesis that they represent potential markers to aid selection for improved meat tenderness in commercial populations of beef cattle in the United States.  相似文献   

Effects of polyvinyl chloride overwrap film, high-oxygen modified atmosphere packaging, or ultra-low-oxygen modified atmosphere packaging on bone marrow discoloration in beef humerus, rib, thoracic vertebra, and scapula     

Grobbel JP  Dikeman ME  Smith JS  Kropf DH  Milliken GA 《Journal of animal science》2006,84(3):694-701

Meat retailers have reported bone marrow discoloration to be a problem, especially in modified atmosphere packages (MAP). Therefore, it is important to determine the prevalence and cause(s) of bone marrow discoloration in different beef bones and packaging systems. Thirty-six beef humeri, ribs, scapulas, and thoracic vertebrae from USDA Select and Choice carcasses were obtained from a commercial abattoir, cut into 2.54-cm-thick sections at 4 d postmortem, and packaged into 1 of 3 systems: 1) polyvinyl chloride film (PVC) overwrap; 2) high-oxygen (80% O2, 20% CO2) MAP; and 3) ultra-low-oxygen (70% N2, 30% CO2) MAP. Instrumental reflectance and visual color scores were taken on d 0, 2, and 4, and on d 0 to 4 of display, respectively. Bone marrow was extracted from humeri, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae for analysis but not from scapulas. Ribs, scapulas, and thoracic vertebrae packaged in PVC and high-oxygen MAP developed undesirable gray or black discoloration. In ultra-low-oxygen MAP, mean visual color scores were acceptable throughout the entire display period. Discoloration (darkening) was more extensive for ribs, scapulas, and thoracic vertebrae than for humeri, especially for bones packaged in PVC and high-oxygen MAP. Humeri had lower (P < 0.05) a* values (larger positive a* values indicate a redder color) than the other bones. The a* values for ribs, scapulas, and thoracic vertebrae decreased (P < 0.05) over time. Chroma showed that bone marrow discolored during display, but graying was dramatically less for all bones packaged in ultra-low-oxygen MAP and for humeri in PVC and high-oxygen MAP. Humeri marrow had lower (P < 0.05) 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) than did ribs and thoracic vertebrae marrow. Ultra-low-oxygen MAP resulted in the least amount of change in TBARS from d 0 to 4, whereas thoracic vertebrae marrow had greater (P < 0.05) TBARS values at d 4 of display than at d 0 in PVC and high-oxygen MAP. Humeri marrow had dramatically less total Fe and hemoglobin than did that of ribs and thoracic vertebrae for all packaging systems. Myoglobin was undetectable in humeri marrow. The much larger amounts of Fe and hemoglobin in ribs and thoracic vertebrae likely contribute to marrow discoloration. Bone marrow discoloration was distinct in ribs, scapulas, and thoracic vertebrae packaged in PVC or high-oxygen MAP. Bones packaged in ultra-low-oxygen MAP had minimal discoloration.  相似文献   

Fungi isolated from bovine udders,and their possible sources     

JH Williamson  ME di Menna 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(4):188-190

AIM: To identify fungi isolated from infections of the bovine mammary gland, and establish their possible sources.

METHODS: From a herd of 420 cows, milk samples were collected from all quarters at calving and cultured to detect causative organisms. Quarters identified as infected with fungi were further sampled during early lactation. Samples from feedstuffs, the feed pad and ends of teats were also collected and analysed for the presence of fungi.

RESULTS: Eleven of 420 cows were diagnosed with intramammary infections (IMI) caused by yeasts (nine cows, 10 quarters) and moulds (two cows, three quarters). Six of the yeast species had previously been reported as being responsible for mastitis. Elevated somatic cell counts (SCC) were observed in many quarters, but most infections were eliminated spontaneously. Two of the fungi isolated from milk samples were also isolated from feedstuffs and teat swabs, and seven other fungi isolated from milk samples were not isolated from feed, the feed pad or cows' teats.

CONCLUSIONS: Isolation of fungi from the udder is rarely reported in dairy cows in New Zealand. In this herd, contamination of the end of the teat originating from feedstuffs and possibly exacerbated by the use of a feed pad may have led to the establishment of IMI caused by fungi.

CLINICAL RELEVENCE: Fungi are infrequently if ever reported in mastitis trial data or surveys in New Zealand and are probably of little clinical significance.  相似文献   

Assessment of Different Functional Parameters of Frozen–Thawed Buffalo Spermatozoa by Using Cytofluorimetric Determinations     

F Minervini  R Guastamacchia  F Pizzi  ME Dell’Aquila  VL Barile 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(2):317-324

Flow cytometry is a useful tool that provides an accurate, objective and rapid evaluation of semen quality. The use of this technique could significantly improve the quality of buffalo semen samples used in artificial insemination. This study was carried out to evaluate, by flow cytometry, frozen–thawed buffalo spermatozoa quality parameters such as sperm viability by SYBR‐14/propidium iodide staining; mitochondrial function by JC‐1 potentiometric probe; sperm chromatin stability (SCSA) by acridine orange; and acrosome reaction (AR) by FITC‐PNA staining. Semen samples from five Italian Mediterranean buffalo bulls were used. Sperm viability was not different between bulls and ranged from 33.4% to 43.6%. A consistent rate (55.1 ± 10.8%) of sperm cells showed high mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ^high), with no significant differences between subjects. Sperm chromatin structure assay differed significantly between the five buffalo bulls; moreover, data showed high stability within each buffalo. DNA fragmentation indexes (DFI), such as %‐DFI, ‐DFI, SD‐DFI, were 11.2 ± 8.6, 153.3 ± 24.6 and 81.6 ± 21.2, respectively. Regarding AR, the percentage of acrosome‐reacted live (ARL) and acrosome‐reacted dead (ARD) spermatozoa was 0.3 ± 0.2 and 15.3 ± 5.5, respectively. This functional parameter differed significantly between buffalo bulls and showed high stability. Following to Ca²⁺ ionophore A23187 for 3 h, AR significantly differed between subjects and was characterized by an increase in both ARL (10.8%) and ARD population (22.0%). This study indicates that flow cytometry could be a useful tool for a quick multiparametric evaluation of sperm quality in buffalo. In particular, SCSA and AR resulted in sperm functional parameters sensitive enough for the diagnosis of frozen‐thawed semen fertilizing potential.  相似文献   

Effects of grain processing and dietary lipid source on performance, carcass characteristics, plasma fatty acids, and sensory properties of steaks from finishing cattle     

LaBrune HJ  Reinhardt CD  Dikeman ME  Drouillard JS 《Journal of animal science》2008,86(1):167-172

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of grain processing and lipid addition to finishing diets on cattle performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality. Eighty Hereford x Angus steers (384 kg +/- 17 kg of BW) were fed diets containing steam-flaked corn (SFC) or dry-rolled corn (DRC) with and without the addition of tallow (SFC/Fat and DRC/Fat) or steam-flaked corn with ground flaxseed (SFC/Flax). Ribeye steaks from steers fed SFC, SFC/Fat, or SFC/ Flax were used to evaluate the effects of fat source on meat quality. Cattle fed SFC and SFC/Fat tended to have greater ADG, G:F, HCW, and USDA yield grade, compared with those fed DRC and DRC/Fat (P < 0.10). Steaks from steers fed SFC/Flax developed a detectable off-flavor (P < 0.05) compared with steaks from steers fed SFC and SFC/Fat, and steaks from steers fed SFC retained desirable color longer than those from steers fed SFC/Flax (P < 0.05). Feeding SFC/Flax increased deposition of alpha-linolenic acid in muscle tissue compared with feeding SFC or SFC/Fat (P < 0.01). Dietary treatment did not cause differences in tenderness, juiciness, or flavor intensity. Ground flaxseed can replace tallow in finishing diets without loss in performance, but flax may affect flavor and color stability of beef. Feeding flaxseed can effectively alter composition of carcass tissues to yield beef that is high in n-3 fatty acids.  相似文献   

Effect of short‐term exposure of cumulus–oocyte complex to 3‐morpholinosydnonimine on in vitro embryo development and gene expression in cattle          下载免费PDF全文

P Loren  C Cheuquemán  E Sánchez  J Risopatrón  ME Arias  R Felmer  R Sánchez 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(6):1010-1019

Short‐term exposure of gametes to different types of stress might induce stress tolerance in mammalian embryos. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of short‐term exposure of bovine mature cumulus–oocyte complex (COC) to 3‐morpholinosydnonimine (SIN‐1) on subsequent in vitro embryo development, embryo quality and relative gene expression. Matured COCs were incubated with SIN‐1 (0, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μM SIN‐1) for 1 hr before in vitro fertilization and zygotes were cultured until Day 7. The cleavage rate at 72 hr did not show any differences among groups. However, the blastocyst rate on Day 7 decreased with all treatments evaluated, with the embryos generated with 10 μM SIN‐1 showing the lowest embryo production rate. Embryo quality analysis did not show any differences in total cell number (TCN) or inner cell mass (ICM) among groups. Relative gene expression analysis showed a downregulation of eNOS expression and an upregulation of nNOS expression in all treatments evaluated compared to the control group. Also, a downregulation was observed in some treatments: SOD2 at 0.1 μM; SOD1 at 0.1 and 100 μM; PRDX5 at 0.1, 10 and 100 μM; and NANOG at 10 and 100 μM; and an upregulation of CDX2 expression was observed at 100 μM. The other genes (OCT4, HIF1A, HSPA1A, BCL2A and iNOS) did not show any differences in the relative gene expression. These results suggest that the short‐term exposure of mature bovine COCs to SIN‐1 does not induce stress tolerance and has no beneficial effect on bovine in vitro embryo production.  相似文献   

Measurements of the equation of state of deuterium at the fluid insulator-metal transition   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

GW Collins  Da Silva LB  P Celliers  DM Gold  ME Foord  RJ Wallace  A Ng  SV Weber  KS Budil  R Cauble 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,281(5380):1178-1181

A high-intensity laser was used to shock-compress liquid deuterium to pressures from 22 to 340 gigapascals. In this regime deuterium is predicted to transform from an insulating molecular fluid to an atomic metallic fluid. Shock densities and pressures, determined by radiography, revealed an increase in compressibility near 100 gigapascals indicative of such a transition. Velocity interferometry measurements, obtained by reflecting a laser probe directly off the shock front in flight, demonstrated that deuterium shocked above 55 gigapascals has an electrical conductivity characteristic of a liquid metal and independently confirmed the radiography.  相似文献   

Interrelationships among evaluations of beef longissimus and semitendinosus muscle tenderness by Warner-Bratzler shear force, a descriptive-texture profile sensory panel, and a descriptive attribute sensory panel.     

M M Otremba  M E Dikeman  G A Milliken  S L Stroda  J A Unruh  E Chambers 《Journal of animal science》1999,77(4):865-873

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Clinical Use of Deslorelin for the Control of Reproduction in the Bitch     

S Romagnoli  C Stelletta  C Milani  D Gelli  ME Falomo  A Mollo 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(S2):36-39

This study was conducted to evaluate clinical efficacy of deslorelin for inhibiting reproduction in the bitch. Ten adult healthy bitches or bitches with mammary neoplasia for which owners were requesting suppression of cyclicity without performing gonadectomy were administered a 4.7- or a 9.4-mg deslorelin implant subcutaneously. The first implant of deslorelin was administered in anoestrus (n = 5) or in dioestrus (n = 5). Treatment was repeated every 5 months for as long as necessary based on the clinical situation of the dog and owner's desires. Some of the bitches implanted in anoestrus came in heat within 4–15 days after treatment, while none of the bitches implanted in dioestrus showed heat during treatment. Suppression of reproductive cyclicity was successfully achieved in 6/10 bitches for 1–4 years. No behavioural and local/general side-effects were observed in any of the treated bitches. The 4.7-mg deslorelin implant may work well for suppression of cyclicity provided that it is administered in dioestrus and at intervals of 4.5 months. A 9.4-mg implant may be more suitable for this use although its efficacy may also be shorter than 12 months. Owner compliance is an important limiting factor.  相似文献   

CAN SONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS PREDICT THE RESULTS OF LIVER ASPIRATES IN DOGS WITH SUSPECTED LIVER DISEASE?     

MARTIN GUILLOT  MARC-ANDRÉ D'ANJOU  KATE ALEXANDER  CHRISTIAN BÉDARD  MICHEL DESNOYERS  GUY BEAUREGARD  JÉRÔME R. E. DEL CASTILLO 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2009,50(5):513-518

While abdominal ultrasound and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology are often combined to help determine the type of liver disease in dogs, little is known about the relationship that may exist between the results of these tests. We hypothesized that specific sonographic findings, or combinations of findings, may predict results of liver ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology. Hepatic and extrahepatic sonographic findings were recorded prospectively using a standardized form in 70 dogs with clinically suspected liver disease and in which liver ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology was performed. The predictive value of sonographic findings in regard to the category of cytology results was assessed with stepwise logistic regression analysis. Sonographic detection of a hepatic mass (≥3 cm; risk ratio [RR] 3.83, 95% Wald confidence intervals [95% CI] 2.42–3.93, P =0.0036), ascites (RR 3.82, 95% CI 1.94–4.28, P =0.0044), abnormal hepatic lymph node(s) (RR 3.01, 95% CI 1.22–4.88, P =0.0262), and abnormal spleen (RR 3.26, 95% CI 1.20–3.85, P =0.0274) were the most predictive of liver neoplasia on cytology. Conversely, sonographic detection of hepatic nodules (<3 cm; RR 1.97, 95% CI 0.95–2.96, P =0.0666) was most predictive of vacuolar hepatopathy on cytology. In dogs with suspected liver disease, several sonographic findings, alone or combined, are thus predictive of liver ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology results. In the light of the fact that ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology of the liver has limitations, these predictabilities could influence the selection of diagnostic tests to reach a reliable diagnosis.  相似文献