Floral Diversity and Distribution in the High Altitude Cold Desert of Ladakh,India     

Chandra Prakash Kala 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(5):360-369

This study deals with the floral diversity and distribution patterns in plant species in relation to environmental gradients in the high altitude cold desert of Ladakh, India. An extensive literature survey and field explorations were made across the different parts of Ladakh in order to create a compilation of vascular plant species. For the quantification of vegetation, a total of eight habitat types were identified and sampled using the point intercept method. In all, 647 species of vascular plants belonging to 58 families and 243 genera were documented. Asteraceae (89 species), Poaceae (66 species), Brassicaceae (54 species), and Fabaceae (43 species) were the dominant families. Astragalus was the most dominant genus as it obtained 24 species, followed by Polygonum (18 species), Artemisia (15 species), and Potentilla (14 species). Among the habitats, riverine beds contained the highest frequency of plant species, followed by narrow gorges and tablelands. The crags and ridges had the lowest frequency of plants. Relatively high water and moisture availability may be the cause of the high frequency of plant species in riverine beds and narrow gorges. The vegetation composition was influenced by elevation; however, the intensity of change reduced at >4500-m elevation. The conservation and management of high altitude cold desert vegetation are discussed based on field observations and findings.  相似文献   

In vitro adherence of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius to canine corneocytes is influenced by colonization status of corneocyte donors     

Narayan Chandra Paul  Francesca Latronico  Arshnee Moodley  S?ren Saxmose Nielsen  Peter Damborg  Luca Guardabassi 《Veterinary research》2013,44(1):52

The current knowledge of in vitro adherence of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius to canine corneocytes is limited to comparative analyses between strains, staphylococcal species or corneocytes collected from different breeds, body sites and hosts. However, the role played by colonization status of corneocyte donors remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adherence properties of commensal S. pseudintermedius strains to corneocytes collected from dogs with different colonization status. For this purpose, corneocytes were collected from five dogs that were classified as persistently colonized (D1 and D2), intermittently colonized (D3 and D4) or non-colonized (D5) on the basis of the results of a previous longitudinal study. Adherence to corneocytes originating from each of the five dogs was assessed by an in vitro adhesion assay using four genetically unrelated strains isolated from the colonized dogs (S1 to S4). Irrespective of their host of origin, all strains adhered significantly better to corneocytes from D1 and D2 than to corneocytes from D3, D4 and D5 (P < 0.0001). The mean count of cells adhering to corneocytes from persistently colonized dogs was on average three times higher than the mean count using corneocytes from the other dogs. A significant difference between strains was only observed for one strain-corneocyte combination (S2-D4), indicating that S. pseudintermedius adherence to corneocytes is driven by host factors and only marginally influenced by strain factors. This finding has important implications for understanding and preventing S. pseudintermedius skin colonization and infection.  相似文献   

Influence of edaphic factors on the mineralization of neem oil coated urea in four Indian soils     

Kumar R  Devakumar C  Kumar D  Panneerselvam P  Kakkar G  Arivalagan T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(21):10183-10191

The utility of neem (Azadirachta indica A Juss) oil coated urea as a value-added nitrogenous fertilizer has been now widely accepted by Indian farmers and the fertilizer industry. In the present study, the expeller grade (EG) and hexane-extracted (HE) neem oils, the two most common commercial grades, were used to prepare neem oil coated urea (NOCU) of various oil doses, for which mineralization rates were assessed in four soils at three incubation temperatures (20, 27, and 35 degrees C). Neem oil dose-dependent conservation of ammonium N was observed in NOCU treatments in all of the soils. However, a longer incubation period and a higher soil temperature caused depletion of ammonium N. Overall, the nitrification in NOCU treatment averaged 56.6% against 77.3% for prilled urea in four soils. NOCU prepared from EG neem oil was consistently superior to that derived from hexane-extracted oil. The performance of NOCUs was best in coarse-textured soil and poorest in sodic soil. The nitrification rate (NR) of the NOCUs in the soils followed the order sodic > fine-textured > medium-textured > coarse-textured. The influence of edaphic factors on NR of NOCUs has been highlighted. The utility of the present study in predicting the performance of NOCU in diverse Indian soils was highlighted through the use of algorithms for computation of the optimum neem oil dose that would cause maximum inhibition of nitrification in any soil.  相似文献   

Results of molecular analysis of an archaeological hemp (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cannabis sativa</Emphasis> L.) DNA sample from North West China     

Ashutosh Mukherjee  Satyesh Chandra Roy  S. De Bera  Hong-En Jiang  Xiao Li  Cheng-Sen Li  Subir Bera 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(4):481-485

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation and utilization is an ancient practice to human civilization. There are some controversies on the origin and subsequent spread of this species. Ancient plant DNA has proven to be a powerful tool to solve phylogenetic problems. In this study, ancient DNA was extracted from an archaeological specimen of Cannabis sativa associated with archaeological human remains from China. Ribosomal and Cannabis specific chloroplast DNA regions were PCR amplified. Sequencing of a species-specific region and subsequent comparison with published sequences were performed. Successful amplification, sequencing and sequence comparison with published data suggested the presence of hemp specific DNA in the archeological specimen. The role of Humulus japonicus Sieb. et Zucc. in the evolution of Cannabis is also indicated. The identification of ancient DNA of 2500 years old C. sativa sample showed that C. sativa races might have been introduced into China from the European–Siberian center of diversity.  相似文献   

Changes in vasotocin immunoreactivity of paraventricular nuclei and adrenal function of Japanese quail in relation to different phases of sexual development   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Singh S  Chaturvedi CM 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2008,34(3):293-300

In relevance to osmoregulatory and reproductive functions, activity of hypothalamic neurosecretory neurons may also vary seasonally. The current study was performed to determine annual changes in ir-AVT neurons of hypothalamus and adrenal gland function. We examined changes in ir-AVT neuron by immunohistochemical method and plasma testosterone was measured by enzyme immunoassay. The steroidogenic interrenal activity was studied by histological and biochemical methods. Birds were sampled in February (quiescent), April (recrudescent), June (breeding) and November (regressive). A significant and gradual increase in the number of ir-AVT neurons was observed from quiescent to breeding phase which decreased during regressive phase of annual gonadal cycle. The gradual increase in ir-AVT neurons along with annual gonadal activity of quail were accompanied by increase in plasma levels of testosterone. These results indicate a functional interaction between sex steroid and AVT synthesizing neurons. Adrenal activity (as judged by weight, ascorbic acid content, cortical cord width and cortico-medullary ratio) was also maximum during breeding phase. It is thus postulated that domesticated quail when exposed to natural day length (NDL), exhibits seasonal/annual cyclicity in vastocinergic activity and adrenal function which may be due to difference in sex steroid hormone.  相似文献   

Expression profile of toll like receptors in a range of water buffalo tissues (Bubalus bubalis)     

Vahanan BM  Raj GD  Pawar RM  Gopinath VP  Raja A  Thangavelu A 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2008,126(1-2):149-155

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Responses of Australian sea lions,Neophoca cinerea,to anthropogenic activities in the Perth metropolitan area,Western Australia          下载免费PDF全文

Sylvia K. Osterrieder  Chandra Salgado Kent  Randall W. Robinson 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2017,27(2):414-435

Characterization of Spray-Dried Hydrolyzed Proteins from Pink Perch Meat Added with Maltodextrin and Gum Arabic     

Lakshmi Narasimha Murthy  Girija Gajanan Phadke  Chitradurga Obaiah Mohan  Madhamuthanalli Venkataramappa Chandra  Jeyakumari Annamalai  Sivam Visnuvinayagam 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2017,26(8):913-928

In the present study, spray-dried pink perch meat protein hydrolysate (PPH) and hydrolysate with maltodextrin and gum arabic (PPHMG) were characterized in relation to their physical, rheological, functional, antioxidant, thermal, and sensory properties. The Herschel–Bulkley model was suitable to explain the flow behavior of PPH and PPHMG emulsions. Both the samples exhibited functional and antioxidant properties. Antioxidant activities were significantly higher for PPH compared with PPHMG (p<0.05). PPH and PPHMG alone did not exhibit antimicrobial activity but enhanced the activity of chitosan against pathogens. Sensory acceptability of the samples in soup revealed that PPHMG of up to 4% was highly scored without any traces of bitterness, whereas for PPH, a concentration of up to 3% was acceptable.  相似文献   

Distribution,habitat associations and conservation implications of Sri Lankan freshwater terrapins outside the protected area network          下载免费PDF全文

Suranjan Karunarathna  A. A. Thasun Amarasinghe  Sujan Henkanaththegedara  Thilina Surasinghe  Majintha Madawala  Dinesh Gabadage  Madhava Botejue 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2017,27(6):1301-1312

Growth and economic analysis of freshwater prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man), produced with feeds substituting sunflower cake for fish meal,soya bean meal and mustard oil cake          下载免费PDF全文

Mohammad Mokarrom Hossain  Subhash Chandra Chakraborty 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(10):5418-5429

A feeding trial with Macrobrachium rosenbergii was carried out to test the effectiveness of sunflower cake (SFC) as a replacement for conventional protein sources. Four isonitrogenous (~30% crude protein) and isocaloric (388–402 kcal) diets were formulated. Diet‐1 was a control made with conventional ingredients including fish meal, soya bean meal and mustard oil cake. Diet‐2, Diet‐3 and Diet‐4 were made with 30%, 40% and 50% SFC, respectively, replacing the usual protein sources used in Diet‐1. After 100 days, diets with SFC inclusion showed favourable growth and economic performance trends compared to control diet‐1, but without significant differences (p > .05). Better production (572.89 ± 62.99 kg/ha) was observed with Diet‐4 followed by Diet‐2, Diet‐3 and Diet‐1. Diet‐4 revealed the best feed conversion ratio (2.56 ± 0.24), specific growth rate (1.18 ± 0.05) and protein efficiency ratio (1.14 ± 0.10) among these diets. Whole carcass composition analysis revealed highest crude protein (18.19%) and lipid (4.43%) content in prawns fed Diet‐3 followed by Diet‐4. Highest total income, gross margin and benefit cost ratio (BCR) per hectare from prawns were US$5,759, US$2,623 and 1.84, respectively, found in Diet‐4. This study demonstrates that 30%–50% inclusion of SFC has favourable impacts on productivity and profitability compared with controls, with 50% SFC inclusion as the most cost‐effective diet for prawns without apparent compromise in growth, flesh quality or economics. The performances of the diets suggest that SFC may be a suitable substitute for fishmeal, soya bean meal and mustard oil cake in prawn feed. The effectiveness of higher SFC concentrations should also be investigated.  相似文献