Chlorhexidine Gluconate Versus Chloroxylenol for Preoperative Skin Preparation in Dogs     

W. PRESTON STUBBS DVM    JAMIE R. BELLAH DVM  Dipiomate ACVS    DONNA VERMAAS-HEKMAN BS    BARBARA PURICH MS  PAUL S. KUBILIS MS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1996,25(6):487-494

The efficacy of 3% chloroxylenol (PCMX) or 4% chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) for preoperative skin preparation was assessed in 100 dogs undergoing clean or clean-contaminated surgical procedures. Replication Organism Detection and Counting (RODAC) plates were used to quantify skin bacteria colony forming units (CFU) at the operative site before and after skin preparation and immediately postoperatively. Reduction of CFU after skin preparation and immediately postoperatively was significant for each agent. However, CFU levels were significantly lower in the CG group than in the PCMX group after surgical preparation, regardless of initial CFU numbers. No significant difference in CFU counts was observed between antiseptic groups postoperatively. Within-group comparisons showed PCMX to be significantly less efficacious when the prescrub CFU number was greater than 1,000. Bacterial reduction was similar in the CG group regardless of prescrub CFU levels. The number of negative cultures after skin preparation was significantly greater with CG than with PCMX. Chlorhexidine gluconate also had fewer cultures with heavy bacterial growth (>5 CFUs) after surgical preparation. There was no significant difference between antiseptics in the number of negative cultures or cultures with more than 5 CFUs immediately after surgery. The number of skin reactions and postoperative wound infections that occurred with each technique were similar. Three percent PCMX, as used in this study, was less effective than 4% CG in its immediate antimicrobial activity, however, this difference was not associated with an increased wound infection rate.  相似文献   

Common conduction disturbances     

John D. Bonagura DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVIM  Michael S. Miller MS  VMD  Diplomate AVP 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1986,6(1)

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Treatment of Dogs in Hemorrhagic Shock by Intraosseous Infusion of Hypertonic Saline and Dextran   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

E. B. OKRASINSKI DVM    D. J. KRAHWINKEL MS  DVM  Dipiomate ACVS  W. L. SANDERS PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1992,21(1):20-24

Under isoflurane anesthesia, 50% of the calculated blood volume was removed from 11 dogs. After 30 minutes, five dogs were treated with hypertonic saline and dextran (HSD) (5 mL/kg) followed by isotonic saline solution (2 mL/kg) intraosseously. Six dogs (controls) received isotonic saline (7 mL/kg) intraosseously. All treatments were administered through the medullary cavity of the tibia over a 30-minute period. Cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, packed cell volume, total protein, and blood gases were monitored for 4 hours. Cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, and circulating volume (indicated by packed cell volume and total protein) were significantly improved after administration of HSD. We conclude that intraosseous infusion of HSD is efficacious in treating hemorrhagic shock and believe the technique may prove to be useful in clinical situations when intravenous lines cannot be established rapidly.  相似文献   

Gradual Occlusion of Extrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts in Dogs and Cats Using the Ameroid Constrictor     

JAMES C. VOGT DVM    D.J. KRAHWINKEL JR  DVM  MS  Dipiomate ACVS  RONALD M. BRIGHT DVM  MS  Dipiomate ACVS    GREGORY B. DANIEL DVM  MS  Dipiomate ACVR    ROBERT L. TOAL DVM  MS  Dipiomate ACVR  BARTON ROHRBACH DVM  MS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1996,25(6):495-502

Gradual occlusion of the splenic vein, using a specialized device (ameroid constrictor), was evaluated experimentally in three normal beagle dogs. Splenoportograms were used to verify that total occlusion of the splenic vein had occurred in all dogs within 4 to 5 weeks after application of the device. The ameroid constrictor (AC) was also evaluated as a method of gradual vascular occlusion in 12 dogs and two cats with single, extrahepatic, portosystemic shunts (PSS). Serum bile acid (SBA) concentrations were measured and portal scintigraphy (PS) was performed on all 14 animals preoperatively and 10, 20, 30, and 60 days postoperatively. Two dogs (14%) died from portal hypertension in the early postoperative period. One dog and one cat developed multiple acquired PSS, confirmed by mesenteric portography 90 days after the operation. Portal scintigraphy confirmed total occlusion of the primary shunt in the other 10 animals. Shunt fractions (SF), as measured by PS on postoperative days 30 and 60, declined significantly from preoperative values. Significant decreases were noted between preoperative and postoperative values for preprandial SBA on postoperative day 60 and for postprandial SBA on postoperative day 30. SBA concentrations did not correlate with SF. Based on this study, gradual vascular occlusion using the AC is recommended as a method for treatment of single, extrahepatic, PSS.  相似文献   

Closed Transventricular Dilation of Discrete Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis in Dogs     

KATHLEEN LINN DVM  E. CHRISTOPHER ORTON DVM  PhD  Dipiomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1992,21(6):441-445

Discrete subvalvular aortic stenosis with peak systolic pressure gradients of more than 60 mm Hg was treated by closed transventricular dilation in six young dogs. Peak systolic pressure gradients were measured by direct catheterization before surgery, immediately after dilation, and 3 months after surgery. Maximum instantaneous pressure gradients were measured by continuous wave Doppler echocardiography before surgery and 6 weeks to 9 months after surgery. All dogs survived the procedure, and two dogs were clinically normal after 9 and 14 months. Two dogs died at week 6 and month 7. One dog was receiving medication for pulmonary edema 15 months after surgery. One dog underwent open resection of the subvalvular ring at month 3, and was clinically normal 6 months after the second procedure. Complications included intraoperative ventricular fibrillation in one dog, and mild postoperative aortic insufficiency in one dog. Closed transventricular dilation resulted in an immediate 83% decrease in the peak systolic pressure gradient from a preoperative mean of 97 +/- 22 mm Hg to a mean of 14 +/- 15 mm Hg. However, systolic pressure gradients measured by direct catheterization at month 3 (77 +/- 26 mm Hg), and by Doppler echocardiography at week 6 to month 9 (85 +/- 32 mm Hg) were not significantly different from preoperative values, which suggested recurrence of the aortic stenosis. Closed transventricular dilation should not be considered a definitive treatment for discrete subvalvular aortic stenosis in dogs, but may be useful in young dogs with critical aortic stenosis as a bridge to more definitive surgery.  相似文献   

Unilateral and Bilateral Stifle Arthrodesis in Eight Dogs     

MARK A. COFONE VMD    GAIL K. SMITH VMD  PhD    TIMOTHY M. LENEHAN DVM  Dipiomate ACVS  CHARLES D. NEWTON DVM  MS  Dipiomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1992,21(4):299-303

Nine stifle arthrodeses in eight dogs were reviewed retrospectively to evaluate use of the limb, each dog's comfort, complications, and factors that may have influenced the final outcome. Ability to use the limb after unilateral fusion was good (limb used at all times) in three dogs, fair (limb used at all gaits except a gallop) in three dogs, and poor (limb used only when running) in one dog. Factors that appeared to affect the outcome included angle at which the stifle was fused and lesions in the ipsilateral coxofemoral joint. One dog with bilateral arthrodesis had a good outcome with minor limitations. The only potentially devastating complications occurred in one dog in which infection and premature implant loosening jeopardized the fusion. None of the dogs exhibited signs of pain and all owners were satisfied with the results.  相似文献   

Rectal and Colonic Injury in the Llama Anatomic Considerations and Surgical Management in Four Llamas     

WILLIAM C. STONE dvm    WILLIAM A. LINDSAY DVM  Dipiomate ACVS    GREGG P. ADAMS dvm  PhD  Dipiomate ACT    ELIZABETH J. GALBREATH DVM  DALE E. BJORLING dvm  Dipiomate acvs 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(1):62-66

Transrectal palpation in llamas can result in iatrogenic rectal and colonic injury. The purpose of this report is to define the caudal extent of the peritoneal cavity in llamas and to describe the surgical management of rectal or colonic injuries in four llamas. Measurements were made of six adult llamas during necropsy. The mean distance from the peritoneal reflection to the anus was 3.9 ± 0.1 cm (3.4 - 4.3 cm). Four llamas were examined for rectal or colonic perforations. One laceration was of partial thickness and three lacerations were of full thickness. Two of the defects were repaired by a transanal approach and two by celiotomy to facilitate removal of fecal debris and abdominal lavage. Successful repair of the rectal or colonic tears was achieved in all four llamas. Wound infection and incisional hernia occurred in both llamas that underwent celiotomy. Two llamas died 3 and 18 months later, and two llamas have survived 2 years. Rectal tears in llamas are accompanied by a high risk of peritoneal contamination, and primary closure is recommended. If fecal contamination of the abdomen has occurred, celiotomy is indicated to allow mechanical removal of fecal debris and peritoneal lavage.  相似文献   

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Clinical and Pathologic Correlates     

Philip R. Fox DVM  MSc  Dipl. ACVIM  ECVIM-CA  ACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2003,5(2):39-45

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a primary myocardial disease with a wide range of clinical and morphologic characteristics. It is characterized by increased cardiac mass associated with a non-dilated, hypertrophied left ventricle. Phenotypic variability is substantial and includes both diffuse and segmental forms of left ventricular hypertrophy. Histopathologic features consist of myofiber disorganization, intramural arteriosclerosis, and pathologic fibrosis and matrix connective tissue. Associated functional derangements include dynamic obstruction to left and right ventricular outflow and diastolic dysfunction, including heart failure.  相似文献   

Myoperitoneal Microvascular Free Flaps in Dogs: An Anatomical Study and a Clinical Case Report     

DANIEL A. DEGNER DVM    OTTO I. LANZ DVM  RICHARD WALSHAW BVMS  Dipiomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1996,25(6):463-470

The purpose of the anatomical study was to identify potential myoperitoneal microvascular free flaps, in dogs, that are based on a single artery and vein. The angiosomes of the right deep circumflex iliac artery and left phrenicoabdominal (cranial abdominal) artery were evaluated in six medium-sized canine cadavers. The right deep circumflex iliac artery and left phrenicoabdominal (cranial abdominal) artery were injected with a mixture of barium and latex (equal parts). The entire right and left transversus abdominis muscles were dissected from the abdominal wall and radiographed. The angiograms of the deep circumflex iliac artery showed poor arborization of the vessels within the transversus abdominis muscle in all six cadavers. The angiograms of the phrenicoabdominal (cranial abdominal) artery showed consistent filling of the vascular bed of the cranial half of the transversus abdominis muscle flap in all six dogs. The vascular pedicle lengths and the diameter of the arteries and veins of both the deep circumflex iliac and phrenicoabdominal (cranial abdominal) myoperitoneal free flaps were found to be acceptable for microvascular anastomosis. The deep circumflex iliac flap was unacceptable because of inadequate vascular perfusion. The cranial abdominal artery had a consistent, large branch that supplied the cranial half of the transversus abdominis muscle, thereby making a myoperitoneal flap supplied by this vessel a potentially useful free flap. An 8-year-old male, neutered, mixed-breed dog was evaluated for possible repair of a large defect of the hard palate. Previous operations, using local tissue flaps, had been unsuccessful. A myoperitoneal free flap, based on the right cranial abdominal artery, and consisting of the cranial portion of the transversus abdominis muscle, was used successfully to reconstruct the hard palate. Migrating epithelium from the edges of the wound covered the myoperitoneal flap by 10 weeks after surgery. Therefore, the cranial abdominal myoperitoneal free flap can be considered for reconstruction of intra-oral defects that cannot be repaired using conventional local flap techniques.  相似文献   

Traumatic Flexor Tendon Injuries in 27 Cattle     

DAVID E. ANDERSON DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS    GUY ST-JEAN DMV  MS  Diplomate ACVS    DAWN E. MORIN DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVIM    NORM G. DUCHARME DMV  MSC  Diplomate ACVS    DALE R. NELSON DVM  MS  ANDRE DESROCHERS DMV  MS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1996,25(4):320-326

Information for all cattle with a diagnosis of tendon injury entered into the Veterinary Medical Data Base (VMDB) was retrieved and selected medical records reviewed. The proportional morbidity rate for tendon disruption was 0.89 cattle/1,000 cattle admissions and 95 of 99 cattle survived. Female and dairy cattle had a greater risk of tendon disruption than male or beef cattle, respectively. Also, cattle 6 months to 7 years old had a greater risk than cattle younger than 6 months old. Complete medical records were examined for 27 cattle. Affected cattle were 2.5 ± 1.8 years old and weighed 593.6 ± 315.6 kg. Injuries were most commonly caused by accidents involving farm machinery (72%). Unilateral superficial digital flexor tendon injury occurred in 8 cattle (30%); multiple tendon injury occurred in the other 19 cattle (70%). A single limb was involved in 25 cattle, a rear limb was involved in 24 cattle, and an open wound was associated with the injury in 26 cattle. Wounds were identified most commonly at the mid (13 cattle) and proximal metatarsus (4 cattle). Treatment of tendon disruption included tenorrhaphy and casting (9 cattle), external coaptation, alone, (14 cattle), stall confinement, alone, (1 cow), and euthanasia or salvage (3 cattle). External coaptation was maintained for 74.4 ± 34.3 days, and total confinement period was 88.3 ± 59.5 days. Short-term complications included severe tendon laxity (one cow) and fatal septic peritonitis (one bull). Twenty-two of 24 cattle treated for tendon disruption survived. Follow-up information was available for 16 cattle; 14 cattle (87%) returned to productivity and 11 of 15 cattle with long-term follow-up (73%) were considered productive. Long-term complications included persistent lameness (56%) and persistent hyperextension of the digits (19%).  相似文献