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61.
Professor Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Dr. E. Schmitschek 《Journal of pest science》1980,53(8):113-121
Zusammenfassung Es wird ein Überblick sowohl über die Geschichte der Manna-Kunde als auch über den neuesten Stand der Erkenntnisse über die Erzeugung und Verwendung von Manna gegeben. Manna sind süße Ausscheidungen von Insekten (Blattläuse, Schildläuse, Blattflöhe, Käfer) und bestimmte Süßstoffe aus Pflanzen (Pilze, Flechten, Bäume). Das im 2. Buch Moses genannte Brot vom Himmel in der Wüste Sinai ist ein Schildlaus-Manna, vor allem vonTrabutina mannipara Ehr. an Tamariske (Tamarix nilotica) gewesen. Die größte Bedeutung als Nahrung oder Medizin für den Menschen hat Aphiden-Manna.
Mit 7 Abbildungen 相似文献
Manna
A view is given as well of the former understanding about manna as of the newest knowledge of production an utilization of manna. This term stands for sweet exsudations coming from insects (Aphidida, Coccida, Psyllida, Coleoptera) or from plants (fungi, lichens, trees). The bread dropped from the sky in the Sinai desert as described in the Bible has been a manna produced by coccids particularTrabutina mannipara Ehr. on tamarisk (Tamarix nilotica). Most important as food or medicine for men is the aphid manna.
Mit 7 Abbildungen 相似文献
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Dipl.-Ing. Dr. E. Hassan 《Journal of pest science》1984,57(3):48-50
The major problems caused by insect pests of soybeans and sunflower in Australia are reviewed. The bionomy of pests, the stages at which the crop is affected, the economic significance of the damage, and the difficulties of control are considered. The main methods of control are by the use of insecticides with the emphasis placed on an integrated approach to the problem. Present insecticides available give sufficient control. The most problems arise from the method of application used. 相似文献
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Dipl.-Biol. K. Kretschmer 《Journal of pest science》1990,63(3):46-48
The effect of carrion smell on the catching-efficiency of pheromone baited flight barriere traps for the spruce bark beetleIps typographus L. was studied from June to September 1989 in a spruce forest near Göttingen. We compared the number of spruce bark beetles and carrion beetles catched with 6 pairs of Theysohn-Slit-Traps, baited with Pheroprax®. The first trap of each pair controlled in regular time intervals of 14 days. The second controlled singulary at the end of the study. If the traps aren't controlled at regular intervals, the catching-efficiency of the traps decreases caused by the dead beetles in the trap. Contemporarily the number of carrion beetles in the traps increases. During the flight of the second generation ofIps typographus controll intervals of 14 days lead to an increased impact of carrion beetles in the traps. 相似文献
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Zusammenfassung
Hyadaphis tataricae (Ajzenberg), ein ernstzunehmender Schädling anLonicera tatarica L. und auf dem europäischen Kontinent nach Westen vordringend, wurde zuerst im Jahre 1935 aus Moskau beschrieben. Seit 1959 ist die Blattlaus aus Polen bekannt, und im Jahre 1962 wurde sie zum ersten Mal westlich der Oder festgestellt. Im Jahre 1964 wurde sie an vielen Stellen im Stadtgebiet von Berlin, wo sie in einigen Fällen schwere Schäden verursachte, und außerdem in Rostock gefunden. Durch den Befall werden die Spitzen der Zweige zu großen, herabhängenden, verzweigten Gallen umgebildet.H. tataricae ist eine nicht wirtswechselnde Art, denn nahezu alle oviparen Weibchen sind die Nachkommen von Ungeflügelten. AußerL. tatarica kann auchL. bella Zabel stark geschädigt werden. Einige andere Formen vonLonicera spp. werden in geringerem Ausmaß befallen.Lonicera xylosteum L. wurde frei von Befall gefunden.
Summary Hyadaphis tataricae (Ajzenberg), a heavy pest ofLonicera tatarica L. and spreading westward on the European continent, has been originally described in 1935 from Moscow. Since 1959 the aphid is known from Poland, and in 1962 it was noted for the first time west of the Oder. In 1964 it was found in many sites in the township Berlin, causing there in some cases severe damages, and also at Rostock. By the attack the tips of the branches are deformed to big hanging down and ramified galls.H. tataricae is a nonmigrating species, for nearly all oviparous females are the offspring of apterae. BesidesL. tataricae alsoL. bella Zabel may be heavily damaged. Some other forms ofLonicera spp. are infested to a minor extend.Lonicera xylosteum L. was not found to be attacked by the species.
Sommaire Hyadaphis tataricae (Ajzenberg), une espèce extrêmement nuisible surLonicera tatarica L. et se répandant sur le continent européen vers l'occident, a été décrite originallement de Moscou en 1935. Depuis 1959, ce puceron est connu de Pologne, et en 1962 il fut découvert pour la première fois à l'ouest de l'Oder. En 1964, il fut trouvé dans des lieux nombreux dans le territoire de Berlin, où il faisait naître en plusieurs cas de grands dégâts, et de plus à Rostock. Par cette attaque, les bouts des ramaux sont déformés en grandes galles ramifiées pendant en bas.H. tataricae est une espèce sans changement d'hôte, car presque toutes les femelles ovipares son les descendants d'aptères. OutreL. tatarica, L. bella Zabel peut être détérioré gravement. Plusieurs autres formes deLonicera spp. sont attaquées d'un moindre degré.Lonicera xylosteum L. n'a pas été trouvé attaqué par le puceron.相似文献
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William Muir DVM PhD Diplomate ACVA Diplomate ACVECC Phillip Lerche DVM PhD Diplomate ACVA Ashley Wiese DVM MS Laura Nelson DVM Kirby Pasloske† DVM DVSc Diplomate ACVCP & Ted Whittem† BVSc PhD DACVCP 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2009,36(1):42-54
ObjectiveTo determine the cardiorespiratory and anesthetic effects of 0, 5, 15, and 50 mg kg?1 intravenous (IV) alfaxalone in hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin (Alfaxan; Jurox Pty Ltd, Rutherford, NSW, Australia) in cats.Study designFour treatments of alfaxalone were administered in sequential order.AnimalsEight healthy adult cats (four male; four female) weighing between 3.71 and 5.91 kg.MethodsCats were instrumented for hemodynamic measurements. Four (0, 5, 15, and 50 mg kg?1) IV doses of alfaxalone were administered over one minute, with a 3-hour washout period between doses 0, 5, and 15 mg kg?1 on Day 0. The 50 mg kg?1 treatment was administered 24 hours later. Measurements of heart rate, aortic systolic, mean, and diastolic blood pressures, pulmonary arterial and right atrial mean pressures, cardiac output, respiratory rate, tidal and minute volumes, and arterial blood pH and blood gases (PaO2, PaCO2) were performed at pre-determined intervals. Systemic vascular resistance and rate pressure product were calculated. The quality of induction, maintenance, and recovery from anesthesia and the response to noxious stimulation were categorically scored.ResultsAlfaxalone administration resulted in dose-dependent cardiorespiratory depression. Decreases in arterial blood pressure and increases in heart rate occurred at higher doses. Most variables returned to baseline by 15-30 minutes. Respiratory rate, minute volume, and PaO2 decreased. Apnea was the most common side effect. Induction and maintenance quality were judged to be good to excellent at all doses and quality of recovery good to excellent at all but the 50 mg kg?1 dose. The duration of anesthesia and unresponsiveness to noxious stimulation increased with dose. The administration of the 50 mg kg?1 dose produced marked cardiorespiratory depression and apnea.Conclusions and clinical relevanceAlfaxalone produced dose-dependent anesthesia, cardiorespiratory depression and unresponsiveness to noxious stimulation in unpremedicated cats. Hypoventilation and apnea were the most common side effects. 相似文献
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Amanda L Abelson DVM Emily C McCobb DVM MS Diplomate ACVA Scott Shaw DVM Diplomate ACVECC Elizabeth Armitage-Chan MA VetMB Diplomate ACVA MRCVS Lois A Wetmore DVM ScD Diplomate ACVA Alicia Z Karas DVM MS Diplomate ACVA & Cheryl Blaze BVSc PhD DVA Diplomate ACVA 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2009,36(6):597-602
Objective To describe the administration of local anesthetic through wound soaker catheters for post-operative veterinary patients and to characterize complications.
Study design Retrospective study of hospital records.
Animals Records of patients in which a wound soaker catheter was placed post-operatively between November 1, 2004 and July 1, 2006 at a veterinary teaching hospital. Records in which a limb amputation was performed between January 1, 2002 and August 1, 2007 and in which a wound soaker catheter was not placed were reviewed for historic control.
Results A total of 56 cases were identified in which a wound soaker catheter was placed post-operatively including 52 dogs, 2 cats, and 2 goats. Twenty canine cases were identified in which limb amputation was performed and no wound soaker catheter was placed. The majority of surgical procedures for which a wound soaker catheter was placed included thoracic limb amputation (46.4%) and pelvic limb amputation (35.7%). Wound soaker catheters remained in place for an average of 1.6 ± 0.5 days. Feline and caprine patients received intermittent bupivacaine boluses every 6 hours. Canine patients received continuous lidocaine infusions. Complications included disconnection of the catheter from the infusion (7.7%), one seroma, and one suspected lidocaine neurotoxicity. Incisional infections were noted in 3/56 (5.3%) limb amputations with wound soaker catheters placed which was not higher than the incisional infection rate found in the historic control cases 3/20 (15%).
Conclusion and clinical relevance Use of the wound soaker catheter was a viable means of providing local analgesia in post-operative veterinary patients. Studies are needed to evaluate efficacy of pain management, and to further investigate techniques for catheter placement and maintenance which may help to optimize the analgesia achieved using this technique. 相似文献
Study design Retrospective study of hospital records.
Animals Records of patients in which a wound soaker catheter was placed post-operatively between November 1, 2004 and July 1, 2006 at a veterinary teaching hospital. Records in which a limb amputation was performed between January 1, 2002 and August 1, 2007 and in which a wound soaker catheter was not placed were reviewed for historic control.
Results A total of 56 cases were identified in which a wound soaker catheter was placed post-operatively including 52 dogs, 2 cats, and 2 goats. Twenty canine cases were identified in which limb amputation was performed and no wound soaker catheter was placed. The majority of surgical procedures for which a wound soaker catheter was placed included thoracic limb amputation (46.4%) and pelvic limb amputation (35.7%). Wound soaker catheters remained in place for an average of 1.6 ± 0.5 days. Feline and caprine patients received intermittent bupivacaine boluses every 6 hours. Canine patients received continuous lidocaine infusions. Complications included disconnection of the catheter from the infusion (7.7%), one seroma, and one suspected lidocaine neurotoxicity. Incisional infections were noted in 3/56 (5.3%) limb amputations with wound soaker catheters placed which was not higher than the incisional infection rate found in the historic control cases 3/20 (15%).
Conclusion and clinical relevance Use of the wound soaker catheter was a viable means of providing local analgesia in post-operative veterinary patients. Studies are needed to evaluate efficacy of pain management, and to further investigate techniques for catheter placement and maintenance which may help to optimize the analgesia achieved using this technique. 相似文献
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