A Systematic Review of the Literature Describing the Efficacy of Surgical Treatments for Canine Hip Dysplasia (1948–2012)     

Mary Sarah Bergh DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS & ACVSMR  Steven C. Budsberg DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2014,43(5):501-506

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Medium and Long Term Evaluation of Sliding Humeral Osteotomy in Dogs     

Kristin M. Wendelburg DVM  Brian S. Beale DVM  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2014,43(7):804-813

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Evaluation of Surgical Scrub Methods for Large Animal Surgeons   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

P. Y. WAN DVM  Diplomate ACVS    J. T. BLACKFORD DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS    D. A. BEMIS PhD    B. W. ROHRBACH VMD  MPH    D. E. KNOLL VHT  M. K. PROVENZA BSMT 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1997,26(5):382-385

Objective— The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a 5–minute surgical scrub using either a one-brush or a two-brush technique in clean and dirty surgical procedures, and to compare the efficacy of povidone iodine with chlorhexidine as surgical scrub solutions. Study Design— Prospective clinical trial. Methods— Nine veterinarians scrubbed their hands on eight separate occasions using either povidone iodine or chlorhexidine gluconate. A 5-minute scrub and either a one-brush or two-brush technique used in both clean and dirty operations were evaluated by taking glove juice samples before scrubbing, immediately after scrubbing, and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after scrubbing. Glove juice samples were cultured and the colonies were counted. Percent reductions of bacterial forming units were calculated for all eight scrub procedures. Results— All scrub procedures provided an adequate percent reduction in colony forming units (CFU) during the 2–hour sampling period. The number of CFU immediately after scrubbing were significantly lower than prescrub. At 120 minutes, there were significantly fewer CFUs than presecrub, but there were more than immediately after scrubbing. No significant difference in reduction in CFUs were detected between one-brush and two-brush techniques. Both chlorhexidine and povidone iodine scrub solutions adequately reduced bacterial colony counts for 120 minutes after scrubbing regardless of the amount of contamination before skin preparation. Conclusions— Bacterial counts after a hand scrub procedure using a one-brush technique were not significantly different than after a procedure that used a two-brush technique. Povidone iodine and chlorhexidine are equally effectively in decreasing bacterial numbers on the skin, given a variety of contamination levels present before the scrub procedure. Clinical Relevance— Surgeons may use either chlorhexidine or povidone iodine for antiseptic preparation of their hands before surgery. A two-brush technique is not necessary.  相似文献   

Outcome of surgical correction of meconium impactions in 8 foals     

Faith E. Hughes DVM  H. David Moll DVM MS Diplomate ACVS  Donnie E. Slone DVM MS Diplomate ACVS 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1996,16(4):172-175

Meconium impactions are only rarely refractory to medical therapy. The purpose of this paper is to examine the outcome of 8 foals that required an exploratory celiotomy to correct a meconium impaction. Between 1984 and 1992, 24 foals were referred with a primary diagnosis of meconium impaction. All foals were treated medically prior to and following referral. Of the 24 foals, 8 had impactions requiring surgical intervention. Exploratory celiotomies were performed, and the impaction was reduced manually or by enterotomy. Follow up information was available on 7 foals. All survived surgery and were discharged. Four of the 8 foals matured and raced. Two foals were euthanatized due to extensive serosal adhesions and one foal was euthanatized due to an unrelated orthopedic condition. Our results support the decision for an exploratory surgery only after aggressive medical therapy has failed. Several treatment options have been developed in recent years that have reduced the number of foals that may require surgery.  相似文献   

Recombinant Bone Morphogenetic Proteins: Novel Substances for Enhancing Bone Healing   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

CARL A. KIRKER-HEAD MA  Vel MB  MRCVS  Diplomate ACVS  Diplomate ECVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1995,24(5):408-419

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are differentiative factors whose principal function is to induce transformation of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells into chondroblasts and osteoblasts in a dose-dependent manner. Bone morphogenetic proteins have been isolated postnatally in mammals from bone matrix, periosteal cells, mesenchymal cells of marrow stroma, tooth anlagen, and cells of osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma. Distribution in additional embryonic tissues implies a broader organogenic function. Bone morphogenetic proteins are the only differentiative factors able to singularly induce de novo bone formation in vitro and in vivo. Recombinant DNA technology allows their production in large and highly purified quantities. The BMPs' osteoinductive ability has been shown with a variety of carriers including collagens and polymers at heterotopic and orthotopic sites in a wide range of species. They are presently being readied for clinical use as alternatives to bone grafts. Other potential applications include use as pulp capping agents, promoters of implant osteointegration and soft tissue reunion with bone, treatments for nonadaptive bone disease, and implants for use with mitotically expanded skeletal stem cell populations. Errors in the genetic coding of BMPs may manifest as clinical disease entities.  相似文献   

Duncan & Prasse's Veterinary Laboratory Medicine: Clinical Pathology, 4th edition     

Julia E. Stickle  DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVP  Associate Professor 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2003,32(4):218-218

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Effects of Carbon Dioxide Insufflation Combined With Changes in Body Position on Blood Gas and Acid-Base Status in Anesthetized Llamas (Llama glama)     

HUI-CHU LIN DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVA    AUBREY N. BAIRD DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS    DAVID G. PUGH DVM  MS  Diplomate ACT    DAVID E. ANDERSON DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS  EARL M. GAUGHAN DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1997,26(5):444-450

Objective— To study the combined effects of intra-abdominal CO₂ insufflation with changes in body position during laparoscopy in xylazine-ketamine-halothane anesthetized llamas. Study Design— Prospective, controlled study. Animals— Nine castrated, male llamas weighing 114 ± 23 kg, 3 to 13 years old. Methods— Three llamas (preliminary study [PS] group) were used to study the effect of right lateral, dorsal, and left lateral recumbency on gas exchange and acid-base status. The other six (experimental study [ES] group) were used to study the combined effects of changes in body position and CO₂ insufflation to an intraabdominal pressure of 10 to 12 mm Hg. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and indirect arterial blood pressures (systolic [SAP], mean [MAP], and diastolic [DAP]) were recorded every 5 minutes during anesthesia. Arterial blood gases (PaO₂ and PaCO₂) and acid-base status (pHa and HCO₃) were measured immediately after induction of anesthesia and before each change of position. Results— In the PS group, significant decreases in SAP, MAP and PaCO₂ and increases in PaO₂ and pHa were observed when the llamas were turned from right lateral to dorsal recumbency. Values for HCO_-3 were lower than the postinduction values, but they remained unaffected by the changes in position. In the ES group, values for MAP were significantly lower when the llamas were placed in dorsal and left lateral recumbency than those observed during right lateral recumbency. Arterial O₂ tension during right lateral recumbency was lower but returned to preinsufflation values when the llamas were placed in the dorsal position. All llamas recovered uneventfully within 30 minutes after termination of anesthesia. Conclusions— Insufflation of CO₂ and changing body position induce minor and transient changes in cardiovascular and respiratory function. Clinical Relevance— Laparoscopy with mild intra-abdominal CO₂ insufflation (10 to 12 mm Hg) can be used safely in spontaneously breathing llamas anesthetized with xylazine, ketamine, and halothane.  相似文献   

Ex Vivo Biomechanical Comparison of Pin Fixation Techniques for Canine Distal Femoral Physeal Fractures     

H. R. SUKHIANI DVM  DVSC  Diplomate ACVS  D. L. HOLMBERG DVM  MVSC  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1997,26(5):398-407

Objective— To compare the biomechanical properties of five intramedullary (IM) pin fixation techniques for Salter-Harris type I fractures of the distal femur in dogs.
Study Design— Randomized, one-way factorial design composed of five treatment groups: (1) single IM pin, (2) dynamic IM crossed pins, (3) paired convergent pins, (4) crossed pins, and (5) crossed polyglycolic acid (PGA) rods.
Sample Population— Forty pairs of cadaver canine femurs.
Materials— One femur of each pair was manually fractured and subsequently repaired; the contralateral intact femur served as its control. Each femur was loaded in torsion until failure occurred and load-deformation curves were generated.
Results— The crossed-pin technique sustained the greatest load to failure (116.8%) followed by the paired convergent pins (104.8%), dynamic IM pins (90.6%), single IM pin (72.1%), and crossed PGA rods (71.9%). Statistically significant differences in strength at failure were detected between the crossed-pin and single IM pin and the crossed-pin and crossed PGA rod techniques. All fixation techniques underwent greater deformation (1.5 times as much) and had a lower stiffness (66% to 75%) compared with the intact controls; however, there was no significant difference between techniques. Failure in the paired convergent and crossed-pin techniques occurred by fracture of the bone; failure in the other techniques occurred by distraction at the fracture site.
Conclusion— The rotational stability of any of the fixation techniques appears to be primarily determined by the ability to prevent distraction and maintain interdigitation of the physis.
Clinical Relevance— When choosing a particular fixation technique for repair of a distal femoral physeal fracture, consideration should be given to the technique's relative biomechanical merits.  相似文献   

Intraosseous Cannulation and Drug Administration for Induction of Anesthesia in Chickens   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

ALEXANDER VALVERDE dvm  DVSc  Diplomate ACVA    DOROTHEE BIENZLE DVM  MSc    DALE A SMITH dvm  DVSc    DORIS H. DYSON dvm  DVSc  Diplomate ACVA  ANNE E. VALLIANT bsc 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(3):240-244

Twenty-four chickens were randomly assigned to one of three treatments (ketamine, 30 mg/ kg; thiopental, 20 mg/kg; saline, 0.8 mL). Baseline data (heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, and cloacal temperature) were recorded before ulnar intraosseous cannulation and administration of drug treatment and for 30 minutes after administration. One investigator, unaware of the treatment administered, assessed the reaction to cannulation, number of attempts per cannulation, reaction to injection, time to induction and recovery, and quality of induction and recovery. Respiratory rate increased significantly (p < .05) from baseline after thiopental. Other parameters did not vary within groups or between groups. Most birds did not react or had a mild reaction to cannulation and injection, and on average fewer than two attempts were necessary. Quality of recovery was significantly (p < .05) better after thiopental. Time to recovery was significantly (p < .05) shorter after thiopental. No major histopathologic changes were noted in bone marrow samples from the injection site. This study demonstrates that the intraosseous route may be used to induce anesthesia in chickens, and that minimal changes in the variables studied were produced by ketamine and thiopental.  相似文献   

A Biomechanical Comparison of Headless Tapered Variable Pitch and AO Cortical Bone Screws for Fixation of a Simulated Lateral Condylar Fracture in Equine Third Metacarpal Bones     

Larry D. Galuppo  DVM  Diplomate ACVS    Susan M. Stover  DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVS    David G. Jensen  BS    Neil H. Willits  PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2001,30(4):332-340

OBJECTIVE: To compare drilling, tapping, and screw-insertion torque, force, and time for the 4.5-mm AO and 6.5-mm Acutrak Plus (AP) bone screws, and to compare the mechanical shear strength and stiffness of a simulated complete lateral condylar fracture of the equine third metacarpal bone (MC3) stabilized with either an AO or AP screw. STUDY DESIGN: In vitro biomechanical assessment of screw-insertion variables, and shear failure tests of a bone-screw-stabilized simulated lateral condylar fracture. SAMPLE POPULATION: Eight pairs of cadaveric equine MC3s METHODS: Metacarpi were placed in a fixture and centered on a biaxial load cell in a materials-testing system to measure torque, compressive force, and time for drilling, tapping, and screw insertion. Standardized simulated lateral condylar fractures were stabilized by either an AO or AP screw and tested in shear until failure. A paired t test was used to assess differences between screws, with significance set at P < .05. RESULTS: Insertion and mechanical shear testing variables were comparable for AO and AP insertion equipment and screws. CONCLUSION: The 6.5-mm tapered AP screw can be inserted in equine third metacarpal condyles and is mechanically comparable with the 4.5-mm AO screw for fixation of a simulated lateral condylar fracture. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Considering the comparable mechanical behavior, the potential for less-persistent soft-tissue irritation with the headless design, and the ability to achieve interfragmentary compression by inserting the screw in one hole drilled perpendicular to the fracture plane, the 6.5-mm tapered AP screw may be an attractive alternative for repair of incomplete lateral condylar fractures in horses.  相似文献