Medial Patellar Luxation in 16 Large Dogs A Retrospective Study     

AUDREY M. REMEDIOS DVM  MVSC    ANTHONY W. P. BASHER BVETMED  MVSC  MRCVS  Diplomate ACVS    CAROLINE L. RUNYON DVM  MS  CINDY L. FRIES DVM  DVSC 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1992,21(1):5-9

Unilateral medial patellar luxation was diagnosed in 10, and bilateral medial patellar luxation in six, large and giant-breed dogs (22 stifles). Lameness occurred in five dogs after trauma or surgery, and 11 dogs had no known predisposing history. The mean age at presentation was 25 months, and the mean time from initial onset of clinical signs to diagnosis was 13 weeks. All traumatic or iatrogenic luxations (five dogs) were unilateral. Luxations presumed to be congenital were unilateral in five dogs and bilateral in six. The grades of medial patellar luxation were I (1 stifle), II (11 stifles), III (9 stifles), and IV (1 stifle). Preoperative function was good (1 dog), fair (9 dogs), and poor (6 dogs). Surgical correction was performed in dogs with grades II, III, and IV luxations (21 stifles). Complications included one wound dehiscence and trochlear wedge migration, one pin loosening, and one persistent lameness caused by lymphoplasmacytic synovitis. Long-term follow-up was available in 13 dogs (18 stifles). Function was judged by owners to be excellent in seven dogs, good in five dogs, and poor in one dog. Surgical treatment of grades II and III luxations yielded good (8 stifles) and excellent (9 stifles) results, while one grade IV luxation had a poor long-term outcome.  相似文献   

Controlled Cross Circulation in Dogs: Effects on Donor Hemodynamics     

CHARLES A. KUNTZ DVM  MS    SPENCER A. JOHNSTON VMD  Diplomate ACVS    JOHN JACOBSON DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVA    ROBERT A. MARTIN DVM  Diplomate ACVS  ABVP    MARTHA MOON DVM  Diplomate  ACVR    PETER SHIRES BVSc  Diplomate ACVS  JOHN C. LEE PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1996,25(1):29-39

Controlled cross circulation (CCC) was performed in six pairs of dogs for 45 minutes with aortic cross clamping and cardioplegia. Data were collected in donor dogs at 10 minute intervals three times before, three times during, and three times after CCC and included arterial blood pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), central venous pressure (CVP), cardiac index (CI), heart rate (HR), blood gas analysis, temperature, maximum rate of rise of left ventricular pressure dP/dt max/End diastolic volume (EDV), blood volume (BV), complete blood count (CBC) and activated clotting times (ACT). Pulse pressure (PP), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), oxygen delivery (Do₂), and left ventricular cardiac work (LVCW) were calculated. Arterial blood pressure, CVP, blood gas analysis, temperature, BV, CBC, and ACT were measured in recipient dogs. During CCC, donor hemodynamic changes resembled those observed in models of acute onset arteriovenous fistulas. Insidious BV shifts can occur despite the use of occlusive roller pumps. After CCC, donor hemodynamics resembled acute blood loss, characterized by decreases in mean arterial pressure (MAP), CVP, PCWP, and CI, and increases in SVR and dP/dt max/EDV. These changes were probably caused by pump imbalance and BV shift to the recipient dog.  相似文献   

The Medial Saphenous Fasciocutaneous Free Flap in Dogs     

DANIEL A. DEGNER DVM    RICHARD WALSHAW BVMS  Diplomate ACVS    OTTO LANZ DVM    DIANA ROSENSTEIN DVM  RICK J. SMITH MD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1996,25(2):105-113

The purpose of this study was to identify the angiosome of the medial saphenous artery and vein and to evaluate the use of this cutaneous angiosome as a free skin flap in the dog. In phase 1 of this study, selective angiography of the medial saphenous artery performed in six canine cadavers showed that the skin covering the entire medial femorotibial area, the distal half of the caudal head of the sartorius muscle, and the gracilis muscle were perfused by the medial saphenous artery. In phase 2, a medial saphenous fasciocutaneous island flap was raised and sutured back to the skin edges of the donor wound in three dogs. One hundred percent survival of all of the flaps occurred. In phase 3, a medial saphenous fasciocutaneous microvascular free flap was transferred to a wound that was created over the dorsal metacarpal (n = 3) or metatarsal region (n = 3). The mean length ± SD of the medial saphenous vascular pedicle was 80 ± 13 mm (n = 5); the mean diameter ± SD of the medial saphenous artery was 2.8 ± 0.2 mm (n = 5) and the mean diameter ± SD of the medial saphenous vein was 4.2 ± 0.2 mm (n = 5). One hundred percent of all flaps survived (n = 6). Selective angiography of the distal cranial tibial artery (metatarsal wounds, n = 3) and the median artery (metacarpal wound, n = 3) was performed 3 weeks after surgery. All of the vascular anastomoses were patent and neovascularization of the wound beds was present. This free flap was found to be acceptable for cosmetic reconstruction of wounds located on the distal extremity.  相似文献   

Wound Healing and Brain Stem Auditory Evoked Potentials After Experimental Total Ear Canal Ablation With Lateral Tympanic Bulla Osteotomy in Dogs     

J. F. MCANULTY DVM  MS  PhD    A. HATTEL DVM  C. E. HARVEY BVSc  FRCVS  Diplomate ACVS  AVDC 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1995,24(1):1-8

Experimental total ear canal ablation with lateral tympanic bulla osteotomy (TECA-LBO) was performed in 13 normal dogs to evaluate healing and retention of brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BSAEP) after surgery. Healing was evaluated by gross and microscopic examination of the surgery sites after 1 (n = 2), 4 (n = 8), 5 (n = 1), and 6 (n = 1) weeks. One dog was eliminated from the study. Brain stem auditory evoked potentials were measured using an air-conducted sound stimulus before and after surgery and before killing. Two dogs had nearly complete obliteration of the tympanic cavity by immature fibrous connective tissue. Eight dogs responded to surgery by either complete or partial re-formation of the tympanic cavity. Retention of the tympanic membrane in three dogs promoted re-formation of the tympanic cavity and blind epithelialized pockets in the surgery site with accumulation of keratinized debris. Granulation tissue formation and extensive proliferation of new bone on the internal surface of the tympanic bulla was seen in 10 dogs. Proliferative bone completely obliterated the tympanic cavity in two of these dogs. Eleven of 13 dogs had no detectable air-conducted BSAEP after surgery. There was no change in BSAEP measurements before killing compared with postoperative measurements in any dog. Two dogs with retained tympanic membranes had measurable BSAEP after surgery. This study shows that healing after TECA-LBO may be highly variable. Retention of the tympanic membrane and small osteotomies appeared to promote reformation of tympanic cavities and prevent ingrowth of granulation tissue. New bone proliferation was frequently observed in response to curettage of the epithelium lining the tympanic bulla. Hearing, as determined by BSAEP measurements, was lost except when the tympanic membrane and ossicles were retained. Retained tympanic membranes promoted accumulation of keratinized cellular debris that could become a nidus for infection or late abscessation in some dogs. These results indicate that resection of as much of the lateral and ventral tympanic bulla as possible and removal of the tympanic membrane may provide consistently improved results after TECA-LBO.  相似文献   

Hemodynamic Function during Neurectomy in Halothaneanesthetized Horses with or without Constant Dose Detomidine Infusion     

ANN E. WAGNER DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVP    COLIN I. DUNLOP BVSc  Diplomate ACVA    R. BRUCE HEATH DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVA    A. SIMON TURNER BVSc  MS  Diplomate ACVS  GAYLE W. TROTTER DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1992,21(3):248-255

Nine horses were premediated with acepromazine, and anesthesia was induced with guaifenesin and thiamylal. Anesthesia was maintained in four horses with halothane in oxygen, and in five horses with halothane in oxygen plus a constant dose infusion of detomidine. Both maintenance regimens produced a MAC equivalent of 1.4 at the ambient barometric pressure. Hemodynamic and respiratory measurements were made after the horses were anesthetized, during surgical manipulations involving skin or tissues other than nerves, during manipulation and transection of digital nerves, and after surgery while the limbs were being bandaged. Heart rate was significantly higher in horses anesthetized with halothane only than in horses that also received detomidine; there were no other differences in hemodynamic function or recovery characteristics. Respiratory rate was significantly higher than baseline during soft tissue and nerve manipulations; arterial blood pressure was significantly higher after surgery began and highest during neurectomy; cardiac output and cardiac index were significantly decreased during surgery; systemic vascular resistance was significantly increased during neurectomy and bandaging and highest during neurectomy. The data suggest that the increase in blood pressure often associated with surgical stimulation is caused by increased vascular resistance and may be accompanied by a decrease in cardiac output.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetic Disposition of Cefazolin in Serum and Tissue during Canine Total Hip Replacement     

DANIEL C. RICHARDSON DVM  Diplomate ACVS    DAVID P. AUCOIN DVM    DAVID J. DEYOUNG DVM  Diplomate ACVS  ACVA    KRYSTYNA L. TYCZKOWSKA PhD  BONNIE A. DeYOUNG 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1992,21(1):1-4

Intraoperative cefazolin concentrations were measured in serum, joint capsule, cancellous bone of the acetabulum, and proximal cancellous bone of the femur in 15 dogs undergoing total hip replacement. Cefazolin (22 mg/kg intravenously [IV]) was administered every hour for three doses. The mean peak serum concentrations (+/- SEM) were 387.79 +/- 27.56 micrograms/mL, 521.71 +/- 28.00 micrograms/mL, and 542.20 +/- 30.91 micrograms/mL, respectively. Mean serum concentrations just before administration of doses 2 and 3 were 51.77 +/- 2.39 micrograms/mL, and 64.84 +/- 3.46 micrograms/mL, respectively. The mean cefazolin concentrations in the joint capsule, cancellous bone of the acetabulum, and cancellous bone of the femur were 34.71 +/- 2.50 micrograms/g, 28.70 +/- 7.40 micrograms/g, and 36.20 +/- 3.80 micrograms/g, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of cefazolin for 90% of the common contaminants (MIC90) in this clinic is less than or equal to 2 micrograms/mL or per gram of tissue. Serum concentrations never fell below 15 times the MIC90 (lowest trough, 35.93 micrograms/mL), and the lowest tissue concentration (6.57 micrograms/mL in cancellous bone from the acetabulum) was still more than 3 times the MIC90. The mean tissue concentration was 15 times the MIC90.  相似文献   

A Comparison of Acute Pull-Out Strength Between Two-Way and One-Way Transfixation Pin Insertion for External Skeletal Fixation in Canine Bone     

WILLIAM S. DERNELL DVM    JOSEPH HARARI DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS  DONALD M. BLACKKETTER phd 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(2):110-114

This study tested the hypothesis that two-way insertion of an external skeletal fixator trans-fixation pin would weaken the pin-bone interface. Smooth and partially threaded (end) trans-fixation pins were placed in tibiae of 32 cadavers by slow speed drilling or hand placement through a predrilled pilot hole. In one bone of each tibial pair, pins were inserted 2 cm beyond the distal cortex and retracted to a predetermined position (two-way). In the contralateral limb, the pins were inserted in one forward motion to the predetermined position (one-way). The peak force (Newtons) required to extract the pins (pull-out strength) axially at a rate of 1 mm/sec was determined by using a universal testing machine. A significant (p < .05) decrease in pull-out strength was found in pins placed by two-way insertion (674 +/- 410) as opposed to one-way insertion (766 +/- 432). The results of this in vitro study suggest that one-way insertion should be used clinically to decrease weakening of the pin-bone interface and prevent possible failure of external fixators. A significantly greater pull-out strength was found for threaded pins placed in the proximal diaphysis (1459 +/- 330 Newtons) compared to the distal metaphysis (873 +/- 297 Newtons).  相似文献   

Arthroscopy of the Coxofemoral Joint of Foals     

CLIFFORD M. HONNAS dvm  Diplomate acvs    DAVID T. ZAMOS vmd  TROY S. FORD DVM  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(2):115-121

An arthroscopic procedure for examination of the coxofemoral joint was developed in nine foals (four cadavers, five anesthetized) to determine if access was sufficient for evaluation and surgical treatment of intra-articular lesions. The joint was distended and the arthroscope inserted through the notch (incisura trochanterica) between the cranial and caudal parts of the greater trochanter. This portal allowed examination of the cranial, lateral, and caudal aspects of the joint. Mechanical distraction of the joint through an instrument portal located 2 to 4 cm cranial and 1 to 2 cm ventral to the arthroscope portal allowed examination of the ligament of the head of the femur, the femoral head, and articular and nonarticular surfaces of the acetabulum. Adduction and rotation of the limb improved visualization of the craniomedial and caudomedial portions of the femoral head. Traction applied to the distal limb allowed visualization of the same structures that were observed when mechanical distraction was used. Traction also created space for placement of surgical instruments into the joint through the instrument portal. Access to most regions of the joint was adequate, but access to the caudal and medial aspects of the joint was limited. Three foals were killed while they were anesthetized, and their coxofemoral joints were dissected. Two foals were allowed to recover from anesthesia and were observed for 30 days after surgery. One foal was mildly lame for 2 days after surgery. The other foal was not lame after surgery. The incisions healed, and the coxofemoral joints were radiographically normal by postoperative day 30.  相似文献   

Instrumentation of Exercising Thoroughbreds to Determine Blood Gas Tensions and Acid-base Status     

L. P. TATE Jr.  VMD  Diplomate ACVS  W. T. CORBETT VMD  PhD    J. H. FOREMAN dvm  MS    B. J. BISHOP vmd  C. L. SWEENEY dvm 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(3):171-176

A device was constructed of easily obtained medical supplies, and hardware and could be used to obtain multiple arterial samples when manually triggered. The right carotid arteries in five normal horses were surgically elevated, thereby permitting percutaneous cannulation. Each horse was galloped on a 1.6-km test track at approximately 500 m/min, and the rider triggered the mechanism at each 0.4-km mark. Each horse underwent 10 test gallops, and a mean and standard error was determined for each sampling mark including preexercise and postexercise samples. The results indicated that horses ridden under the aforementioned conditions became acidemic and hypoxic.  相似文献   

In Vitro Loss of Tensile Strength and Elasticity of Five Absorbable Suture Materials in Sterile and Infected Canine Urine     

T. D. SCHILLER dvm    E. A. STONE dvm  Diplomate acvs  B. S. GUPTA PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(3):208-212

The loss of breaking strength and elasticity of five absorbable suture materials (polydioxanone [PDS-II], polyglycolic acid [PGA], polyglactin 910 [PG-910], polyglyconate [GTMC], and chromic gut) after in vitro incubation in sterile, Escherichia coli- and Proteus mirab/tfs-inoculated canine urine was studied. Biomechanical testing, in a controlled environment, was performed during the 28-day study period. Polydioxanone and chromic gut retained greater than 90% of their original strengths after 28 days of incubation in sterile urine and 87% of original strengths in E. co//-inoculated urine. Polyglyconate retained 24% and 18% of original strength, respectively, after incubation in sterile and E. co/i-inoculated urine for 28 days. Polyglycolic acid and PG-910 retained less than 30% of original strength in sterile urine and only 7% in E. co/i-inoculated urine after 21 days of incubation. In P. m/rabi/is-inoculated urine, loss of tensile strength and elongation was significant for all suture materials. Polyglycolic acid and PG-910 lost all strength after 24 hours of incubation. Polydioxanone lost all strength after 7 days of incubation, whereas GTMC retained 19% at day 7. Chromic gut retained 78% at day 7 and 16% after 21 days of incubation, however, the absence of normal phagocytic destruction of chromic gut in this in vitro study may have artificially elevated these values. In sterile urine with chemically modified pH, loss of strength and elongation was greater in alkaline urine than in neutral or acidic urine for all types of suture materials.  相似文献