Biomechanical Study of Canine Spinal Fracture Fixation Using Pins or Bone Screws With Polymethylmethacrylate     

JOSEPH NATHANIEL P. GARCIA dvm    BRUCE K. MILTHORPE PHD    DAVID RUSSELL  KENNETH A. JOHNSON MVSC  PhD  FACVSc  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1994,23(5):322-329

Five configurations of pins or screws interconnected with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) were applied to isolated canine lumbar spines (L2 to L5) in which a complete fracture-luxation had been produced at L3 to L4. Twenty-five repaired spines and five intact control spines were subjected to four-point bending and tested once to failure in ventral flexion. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of pin number, pin angle, and use of 3.5-mm cortical bone screws instead of smooth 3.2-mm diameter pins on rigidity and ultimate strength of spinal fractures repaired by the implant-PMMA fixation technique. Bending moment versus the angular deformation curves were recorded. Rigidity, bending moment at 10° angular deformation, moment at failure, and deformation at failure of each type of fixation were compared using analysis of variance. Spinal segments stabilized with eight pin-PMMA fixation had significantly greater rigidity and strength at failure than four pin-PMMA fixations ( P < .05). Furthermore, spinal segments stabilized with eight pins angled away from the fracture failed at significantly greater bending moment than those with eight pins angled toward the fracture ( P < .05). However, for four-pin fixation, greater strength was achieved by angling pins in the bone toward the fracture site ( P < .05). Screw-PMMA fixations failed by screw bending and were less rigid and weaker at failure than the corresponding configuration of pin-PMMA fixation ( P < .05).  相似文献   

Attempts to Modify Reperfusion Injury of Equine Jejunal Mucosa Using Dimethylsulfoxide, Allopurinol, and Intraluminal Oxygen   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

MARGARET M. HORNE dvm  dvsc    PETER J. PASCOE bvsc  dva  Diplomate acva    NORMAND G. DUCHARME dvm  MSc  Diplomate acvs    IAN K. BARKER dvm  msc  PhD  W. LARRY GROVUM bsa  PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1994,23(4):241-249

This study compared the severity of ischemic injury to the equine jejunal mucosa caused by arteriovenous obstruction (AVO) or venous obstruction (VO) with that caused by reperfusion after ischemia. The degree of mucosal damage and regeneration was scored according to a modified version of an established light microscopic classification for ischemic injury. Biopsy specimens taken after 3 and 4 hours of obstruction, and after 3 hours of obstruction and 1 hour of reperfusion, were compared. There were no changes in the severity of mucosal injury (characterized by epithelial sloughing, loss of villus architecture, and necrosis of crypt cells) at 4 hours of ischemia when compared with 3 hours of ischemia. The mucosal injury score increased by one grade in three of six and five of eight segments during reperfusion for the VO and AVO models, respectively; however, only the scores for the AVO model were significantly different from the injury caused by ischemia alone. Modification of reperfusion injury was attempted by the administration of intravenous (IV) allopurinol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), or intraluminal oxygen insufflation at the time of release of the AVO and VO. Treatments did not significantly alter either the severity of injury noted after 1 hour of reperfusion or the degree of mucosal regeneration after 48 hours of reperfusion. In this group of ponies, the severity of mucosal damage was greater after 1 hour of reperfusion for both AVO and VO.  相似文献   

Effects of Halothane, Enflurane, and Isoflurane on Supraventricular and Ventricular Rate in Dogs With Complete Atrioventricular Block     

THOMAS K. DAY DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVA  WILLIAM W. MUIR III  DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVA 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1994,23(3):206-212

Complete atrioventricular (AV) block was produced in 32 chloralose-anesthetized autonomically intact dogs to determine the effects of halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane on supraventricular and ventricular rate. Halothane (n = 17), enflurane (n = 6), and isoflurane (n = 9) were administered in three separate experiments in sequential minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) multiples of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 1.5, and 1.0. Supraventricular rate, ventricular rate, and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were measured and recorded at baseline and after a 20-minute equilibration period of each inhalation anesthetic at each MAC multiple. Increasing concentrations of enflurane and isoflurane significantly decreased supraventricular rate ( P < .05). Ventricular rate was not significantly changed by sequential MAC multiples of halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane. Increasing concentrations of halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane significantly decreased MAP with enflurane producing the most significant decrease ( P < .05). Ventricular arrhythmias occurred in 5 of 17 dogs anesthetized with halothane and 1 of 9 dogs anesthetized with isoflurane. Inhalation anesthesia can significantly decrease supraventricular rate and MAP, does not alter ventricular rate, and can produce ventricular arrhythmias in dogs with complete AV block.  相似文献   

Arthroscopic Approach and Intra-Articular Anatomy of the Plantar Pouch of the Equine Tarsocrural Joint     

DAVID T. ZAMOS vmd    CLIFFORD M. HONNAS dvm  Diplomate acvs  ANTON G. HOFFMAN dvm  PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1994,23(3):161-166

Arthroscopic examination of structures within the plantar pouch of the tarsocrural joint was accomplished via portals in both the plantaromedial and plantarolateral aspects of the joint. Flexion and extension of the tarsus while examining the joint through either portal allowed observation of the proximal and plantar aspects of the lateral and medial trochlear ridges, the trochlear groove, the caudal aspect of the distal tibia, and the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) in its sheath. From a plantarolateral portal, the plantar talocalcaneal ligament and the plantar aspect of the lateral malleolus could be observed. The caudal aspect of the medial malleolus could not be observed with flexion or extension of the joint from a plantaromedial portal, but in some horses, the caudal aspect of the lateral malleolus could be observed. The dorsolateral and dorsomedial aspects of the plantar pouch were best examined from a portal on the ipsilateral side of the joint. An instrument portal opposite either arthroscope portal allowed access to most regions of the joint except the abaxial surface of the trochlear ridge opposite the instrument.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Canine-Derived Fibrin Sealant as a Hemostatic Agent   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

LYNN G. WHEATON DVM  Diplomate acvs    RANDY M. GREENSHIELDS dvm    KENNETH MEYERS PhD    K. JANE WARDROP dvm  MS  MICHAEL MOORE DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVIM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1994,23(5):358-364

The purpose of this study was to determine whether canine-derived fibrinogen concentrate applied with bovine thrombin was a safe and effective topical hemostatic agent. A canine liver biopsy model was selected to test this product. Cryoprecipitate was prepared from frozen canine plasma using two freeze/thaw/centrifugation cycles. Six healthy adult dogs (weighing more than 18 kg) were used in the fibrin sealant study, and an additional three dogs were used as controls for the liver biopsy. A 1 × 3 cm liver biopsy specimen was obtained, digital pressure was applied to reduce bleeding, and the fibrinogen concentrate was immediately sprayed on the bleeding surface simultaneously with bovine thrombin (1,000 IU/mL). The mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) blood pressure at time of biopsy was 98 ± 9 mm Hg, and the rate of hemorrhage from the cut liver edge was 8.0 ± 1.1 mL/min. The total blood loss during fibrin sealant application was 37 ± 9 mL and total time for hemostasis was 5.5± 1.3 minutes. There was no additional hemorrhage after application of the fibrin sealant. In the three control dogs, fibrin sealant was not applied and only digital compression was used to decrease hemorrhage. Before digital compression, the rate of hemorrhage from the cut liver edge was 13.1 ±3.1 mL/min. Bleeding had not stopped after 10 minutes of compression and the mean postcompression rate of hemorrhage was 4.0 ± 2.6 mL/min. Signs of secondary bleeding after fibrin sealant was applied were not evident during the immediate postoperative period or over the next 14 days. The coagulation profile, alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and bile acids were not significantly different on day 14 from preoperative values, suggesting that the liver was only mildly affected. The dogs were euthanatized and gross and histological examinations of the biopsy site were performed on day 14. There were minimal or no adhesions at the biopsy site. In all dogs, the hepatic capsule was less than 1 mm thick and histological signs of secondary bleeding, hepatocellular damage, thrombosis, infection, or inflammation were not observed. In this study, canine-derived fibrin sealant was a safe and effective topical hemostatic agent.  相似文献   

Arytenoid Lateralization for Management of Combined Laryngeal Paralysis and Laryngeal Collapse in Small Dogs     

Pieter Nelissen DVM CertSAS  Richard A.S. White BVetMed  PhD  FRCVS  Diplomate ACVS & ECVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2012,41(2):261-265

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Early Reherniation of Disk Material in Eleven Dogs with Surgically Treated Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disk Extrusion     

Bianca F. Hettlich Dr medvet  Diplomate ACVS  Sharon C. Kerwin DVM  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2012,41(2):215-220

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Efficacy and Safety of Deracoxib for Control of Postoperative Pain and Inflammation Associated with Soft Tissue Surgery in Dogs     

Stephen E. Bienhoff DVM  MBA  PhD  Eric S. Smith BS  Linda M. Roycroft MA  Elizabeth S. Roberts DVM  PhD  Diplomate ABT 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2012,41(3):336-344

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Evaluation of Direct In Vivo Gene Transfer in an Equine Metacarpal IV Ostectomy Model Using an Adenoviral Vector Encoding the Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2 and Protein‐7 Gene     

Christopher E. Kawcak DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVS  Chisa Hidaka MD  C. Wayne Mcilwraith BVSc  PhD  Diplomate ACVS  Natasha Werpy DVM  Diplomate ACVR  Jennifer Macleay DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVIM  David D. Frisbie DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2012,41(3):345-354

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Evaluation of Blind Thoracoscopic‐Assisted Placement of Three Double‐Lumen Endobronchial Tube Designs for One‐Lung Ventilation in Dogs     

Philipp D. Mayhew BVM&S  Diplomate ACVS  William T. N. Culp VMD  Diplomate ACVS  Peter J. Pascoe BVSc  DVA  Diplomate ACVA & ECVAA  Philip H. Kass DVM  MPVM  MS  PhD  Diplomate ACVPM  Lynelle R. Johnson DVM  MS  PhD  Diplomate ACVIM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2012,41(6):664-670

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