Effects of a single intravenous bolus of fentanyl on the minimum anesthetic concentration of isoflurane in chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)     

Rozana W. da Rocha  André Escobar  Bruno H. Pypendop  Darcio Zangirolami Filho  Roberto Thiesen  Fábio N. Gava 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(3):546-554

Objective

To assess the temporal effects of a single fentanyl intravenous (IV) bolus on the minimum anesthetic concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in chickens and to evaluate the effects of this combination on heart rate (HR) and rhythm, systemic arterial pressures (sAP) and ventilation.

Study design

Prospective experimental trial.

Animals

Seventeen adult chickens weighing 1.8 ± 0.2 kg.

Methods

Individual isoflurane MAC for 17 chickens was previously determined using the bracketing method. Chickens were anesthetized with isoflurane to evaluate the effects of a single IV fentanyl bolus (10 or 30 μg kg^?1) on isoflurane MAC over time using the up-and-down method. Ventilation was controlled. The isoflurane MAC reduction was estimated by logistic regression at 5 and 15 minutes after fentanyl administration. In the second phase, seven chickens were anesthetized with isoflurane, and fentanyl was administered (30 μg kg^?1) IV over 1 minute during spontaneous ventilation and HR and rhythm, sAP and ventilation variables were measured.

Results

At 5 minutes after IV administration of fentanyl (10 or 30 μg kg^?1), isoflurane MAC was significantly reduced by 17.6% (6.1–29.1%) [logistic regression estimate (95% Wald confidence interval)] and 42.6% (13.3–71.9%), respectively. Isoflurane MAC reduction at 15 minutes after IV administration of fentanyl (10 or 30 μg kg^?1) was 6.2% (?0.6 to 12.9%) and 13.2% (?0.9 to 27.3%), respectively; however, this reduction was not significant. No clinically significant cardiopulmonary changes or arrhythmias were detected after the administration of fentanyl (30 μg kg^?1).

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Administration of a single fentanyl bolus induced a dose-dependent and short-lasting reduction in isoflurane MAC. The higher dose induced no significant cardiopulmonary depression in isoflurane-anesthetized chickens during spontaneous ventilation. In chickens anesthetized with isoflurane, the clinical usefulness of a single fentanyl bolus is limited by its short duration of effect.  相似文献   

Presence of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ureaplasma diversum</Emphasis> in the genital tracts of female dairy cattle in Mato Grosso State,Brazil     

Jaqueline B. Azevedo  Gustavo S. Silva  Priscylla S. Rocha  Letícia C. Pitchenin  Valéria Dutra  Luciano Nakazato  Anderson Castro Soares de Oliveira  Caroline A. Pescador 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(2):311-316

Ureaplasma diversum infection in bovine females may result in various reproductive problems, including granular vulvovaginitis, abortion, weak calves, salpingitis, and spontaneous abortion. The presence of U. diversum in a dairy bovine population from midwestern Brazil has not been established. The aim of this study was to determine whether U. diversum was present in dairy cattle from midwestern Brazil using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Vulvovaginal mucus was analyzed from 203 cows located in six municipalities in the north region of Mato Grosso State, Brazil. A total of 25% of dairy cows with vulvovaginitis were positive for U. diversum. The factors evaluated were included in a multivariable logistic regression model with the presence of at least one positive cow in the herd serving as the dependent variable. Three variables were significantly associated with a U. diversum-positive PCR and were included in the final multivariable model: number of parities, vulvar lesions, and reproductive problems. For each new parity, the chance of U. diversum infection decreased 0.03-fold, indicating that cows with the highest number of parities were more protected. The presence of vulvar lesions was increased 17.6-fold in females positive for U. diversum, suggesting that this bacterium could be related to the red granular lesions in the vulvar mucosa, whereas reproductive problems were increased 7.6-fold. However, further investigations should be conducted to ascertain the effects of U. diversum in association with other mycoplasma species in the herds studied.  相似文献   

Detecting reproductive system abnormalities of broiler breeder roosters at different ages          下载免费PDF全文

MA Lagares  R Ecco  NRS Martins  LJC Lara  JSR Rocha  DAR Vilela  VM Barbosa  PF Mantovani  JFV Braga  IS Preis  VA Gheller  PC Cardeal  NC Baião 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(1):67-75

The objective of this study was to detect the reasons of rooster's fertility decrease at 50 weeks of age. Therefore, the reproductive system of broiler breeder roosters was laparoscopic, macroscopic and histopathology evaluated, and a comparison of the anatomical aspect with the sperm analysis and birds’ age was realized. Cobb roosters (n = 59) were distributed into two groups (30 and 50 weeks). Evaluations were performed with laparoscopy, macroscopy and histopathology, and seminal quality, blood serum testosterone concentration and weight were also determined. The old roosters presented smaller testicle size, higher intensity epididymal lithiasis and lower testicle sperm production, compared to the young roosters. The use of the endoscope could easily distinguish a normal‐sized testicle than an atrophic one. Four old roosters with severe testicular atrophy did not show spermatogenesis, although three still had sperm in the ejaculate. This would falsely indicate a wrong diagnosis of normal fertility before the testicular atrophy took place. In conclusion, in addition to the weight increase with age, the testicular atrophy and impairment of sperm production seemed to be the main reason to the decrease in the rooster's fertility at 50 weeks of age. Therefore, the use of the laparoscopy as a way to detect the roosters with testicular atrophy before 50 weeks of age and their removal from them flock could be useful as a diagnostic tool to prevent the birds’ fertility loss.  相似文献   

Transporting bovine oocytes in a medium supplemented with different macromolecules and antioxidants: Effects on nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation and embryonic development in vitro          下载免费PDF全文

M Ambrogi  PC Dall'Acqua  NAS Rocha‐Frigoni  BCS Leão  GZ Mingoti 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(3):409-421

We investigated whether supplementing the medium used to transport bovine oocytes with different macromolecules [foetal calf serum (FCS) or bovine serum albumin (BSA)] or a mixture of antioxidants (cysteine, cysteamine and catalase) affects their nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation and thereby affects their subsequent embryonic development and cryotolerance. Oocytes were transported for 6 hr in a portable incubator and then subjected to standard in vitro maturation (IVM) for 18 hr. The oocytes in the control groups were cultured (standard IVM) for 24 hr in medium containing 10% FCS (Control FCS) or 10% FCS and the antioxidant mixture (Control FCS+Antiox). The intracellular concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the end of IVM period were lower in the oocytes subjected to simulated transport in the presence of a macromolecular supplement or the antioxidant mixture than that of the control group (FCS: 0.62 and BSA: 0.66 vs. Control FCS: 1.00, p < .05; and Transp: 0.58 and Transp Antiox: 0.70 vs. Control FCS: 1.00, p < .05). After IVM, the mitochondrial membrane potentials of the transported oocytes were lower than those of the non‐transported oocytes (FCS: 0.41 and BSA: 0.57 vs. Control FCS: 1.00, p < .05; and Transp: 0.48 and Transp Antiox: 0.51 vs. Control FCS: 1.00 and Control Antiox: 0.84, p < .05). The blastocyst formation rates (36.9% average) and the re‐expansion rates of vitrified‐warmed blastocysts (53%, average) were unaffected (p > .05) by the treatments. In conclusion, supplementing the medium in which bovine oocytes are transported with antioxidants or different macromolecules did not affect their in vitro production of embryos or their cryotolerance.  相似文献   

Characterization of antixenosis to Dichelops melacanthus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in soybean genotypes     

Vinícius Fernandes Canassa  Edson Luiz Lopes Baldin  José Paulo Franco Bentivenha  Luiz Eduardo da Rocha Pannuti  André Luiz Lourenção 《国际虫害防治杂志》2017,63(2):112-118

Soybeans are of great importance in the world agricultural landscape, and their productive potential is significantly reduced by attacks from insect pests. Factors such as the expansion of national agricultural regions, together with no-tillage management and “off-season” maize cultivation, have favored the increase of secondary species such as Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), intensifying the damage caused by the soybean stink bug complex. The use of resistant genotypes may be a valuable strategy as an alternative to the excessive use of chemical control in crops. This study evaluated the attractiveness and feeding preferences of the green-belly stink bug in 17 soybean genotypes in different maturity groups (early, semiearly, and late) to characterize the expression of antixenosis resistance. To this end, free-choice tests of attractiveness and food preference were performed under laboratory conditions. The early genotypes PI 171451 and D 75-10169, the semiearly genotypes IAC 78-2318, “IAC 100”, IAC 74-2832, PI 227687, and “IAC 24” and the late genotypes PI 274454, PI 274453, and L 1-1-01 expressed significant levels of antixenosis against adult D. melacanthus. These results will be useful for soybean breeding programs focusing on the stink bug resistance complex.  相似文献   

Acute and Chronic Effects of Three Pharmaceutical Drugs on the Tropical Freshwater Cladoceran Ceriodaphnia silvestrii     

Damasceno de Oliveira  Laira L.  Nunes  Bruno  Antunes  Sara Cristina  Campitelli-Ramos  Raphael  Rocha  Odete 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2018,229(4):1-28

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for all living organisms, and plays a major role in many physiological processes. However, in recent years, excessive...  相似文献   

Bilateral patellar agenesis in dog: A case report     

Maíra Harumi Higa Lage  Júlia Augusta Rocha Pozavski  Alysson Rodrigo Lamounier  Eliane Gonçalves de Melo 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2023,52(2):197-203

A bilateral patellar agenesis is an extremely rare congenital condition in which the patient does not develop both patellas and can present secondary alterations as bone, muscle and postural changes. There are some hypotheses that it has a genetic background presenting dominant characteristic. It is not yet standardized a gold treatment for this affection, but according to rare reports, clinical and surgical treatments are possible. This is a case report based on imagining exams of a mix breed male puppy that was born with bilateral patellar agenesis, an affection not yet reported in canine species.  相似文献   

Hand-feel soil texture observations to evaluate the accuracy of digital soil maps for local prediction of soil particle size distribution: A case study in Central France     

Anne C. RICHER-de-FORGES  Dominique ARROUAYS  Laura POGGIO  Songchao CHEN  Marine LACOSTE  Budiman MINASNY  Zamir LIBOHOVA  Pierre ROUDIER  Vera L. MULDER  Herv&#; N&#;D&#;LEC  Guillaume MARTELET  Blandine LEMERCIER  Philippe LAGACHERIE  Hocine BOURENNANE 《土壤圈》2023,33(5):731-743

Digital maps of soil properties are now widely available. End-users now can access several digital soil mapping (DSM) products of soil properties, produced using different models, calibration/training data, and covariates at various spatial scales from global to local. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide easy-to-understand tools to communicate map uncertainty and help end-users assess the reliability of DSM products for use at local scales. In this study, we used a large amount of hand-feel soil texture (HFST) data to assess the performance of various published DSM products on the prediction of soil particle size distribution in Central France. We tested four DSM products for soil texture prediction developed at various scales (global, continental, national, and regional) by comparing their predictions with approximately 3 200 HFST observations realized on a 1:50 000 soil survey conducted after release of these DSM products. We used both visual comparisons and quantitative indicators to match the DSM predictions and HFST observations. The comparison between the low-cost HFST observations and DSM predictions clearly showed the applicability of various DSM products, with the prediction accuracy increasing from global to regional predictions. This simple evaluation can determine which products can be used at the local scale and if more accurate DSM products are required.  相似文献