Modulation of matrix metalloproteinases by ultraviolet radiation in the canine cornea     

Chandler HL  Kusewitt DF  Colitz CM 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2008,11(3):135-144

Purpose To determine whether ultraviolet (UV) radiation can modulate expression and regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in the canine cornea and to examine the expression of MMPs in canine chronic superficial keratitis (CSK). Methods Immunohistochemistry for MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 was performed on samples of CSK. In vitro, canine corneal epithelial cell (CEC) and stromal cell cultures were exposed to UV‐irradiation. Following 2, 8 or 24 h, cells were harvested. MMP expression was examined by zymography, and RT‐PCR was used to examine expression of Slug and Snail. CEC cultures treated with an EGFR inhibitor or a p38 inhibitor were UV‐exposed and harvested 24 h later to examine expression of MMPs, Slug and Snail. Results Canine CSK had increased immunopositivity for both MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 compared to normal canine corneas. In vitro, CEC and stromal cell cultures exposed to UV showed generally increased expression of MMP‐2, ‐9, Slug, and Snail; this response was dose and time dependent. Inhibition of the EGFR pathway did not prevent increased expression of MMP‐2, ‐9, Slug or Snail in UV‐exposed CEC; however, p38 inhibition did attenuate UV induction. Conclusions We have found increased expression of MMPs in clinical samples of CSK compared to normal corneas. In addition, we have shown that there is a temporal association and dose dependency between UV exposure and production of MMPs, Slug, and Snail. These findings suggest that overexpression of MMPs due to UV‐exposure may be linked to changes in the cornea that allow an influx of inflammatory cells and vascularization.  相似文献   

Use of hepatic protein biomarkers for tracing the exposure of veal calves to illegal growth-promoters: investigations on experimental samples and preliminary application under field conditions     

Nebbia C  Della Donna L  Carletti M  Balbo A  Barbarino G  Gardini G 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2008,31(3):272-275

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Principles of Laparoscopic Hemostasis: Ligation Techniques     

Donna L. Shettko  Dean A. Hendrickson 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2008

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Infiltration-RNAseq: transcriptome profiling of Agrobacterium-mediated infiltration of transcription factors to discover gene function and expression networks in plants     

Donna?M.?BondEmail author  Nick?W.?Albert  Robyn?H.?Lee  Gareth?B.?Gillard  Chris?M.?Brown  Roger?P.?Hellens  Richard?C.?MacknightEmail author 《Plant methods》2016,12(1):41

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Stolon Development and Cultural Production Practices of Winter-Grown Strawberries     

Donna M. Morrison  Erin E. Blankenship  Paul E. Read  Ellen T. Paparozzi 《International Journal of Fruit Science》2018,18(2):138-152

ABSTRACT

The four experiments described here are part of a 5-year program focused on determining whether day-neutral and short-day strawberries would be suitable for commercial off-season/winter (temperate climate) production in greenhouses. All research was performed using container-grown plants fertigated through a capillary mat production system with heat supplied under the benches. The first experiment focused on stolon development. The second experiment investigated the influence of stolon removal on berry production and included the removal of flowers for the first three weeks. The third and fourth experiments were conducted as a comparison of university research (experiment 3) versus a commercial operation (experiment 4). In experiment one, of 13 cultivars, ‘AC Wendy’ plants produced significantly more stolons than the other cultivars. In experiment two, stolon production peaked at weeks 12 and 13, with ‘Chandler’ plants producing significantly more stolons (starting at week 9) than the other cultivars. At week 13, ‘Seascape’ plants produced more total berry weight than the other cultivars. The influence of stolon removal on total berry weight varied, with ‘Evie-2+’ plants (large crowns) producing higher total berry weight with the stolons on as compared to ‘Evie-2’ plants, which produced higher total berry weight with the stolons removed. In experiment 2, fruit production was low and was probably a result of deflowering for three weeks. Consequently, it may not be advisable to deflower during the ‘off-season’ for greenhouse-grown strawberries. In the final two experiments, which involved a commercial cooperator as well as the university greenhouse, it was found that of the five cultivars trialed, the same cultivars at both sites produced the maximum total berry weight. Stolon production differed at the two locations, but the optimal time for stolon removal was similar. Thus, it is recommended that for winter greenhouse production, stolons be removed initially at week 8 and then at weeks 11–12 of the production cycle.  相似文献   

Assessing reactivity in 3 breed of working dogs: Phenotypic determination and associated genotypes     

Karen L. Overall  Soraya Juarbe-Diaz  Donna J. Dyer  Melanie Lee Chang  Jennifer S. Yokoyama  Arthur E. Dunham 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2009,4(6):249-250

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Ex vivo comparison of one versus two distal screws in 8 mm model 11 interlocking nails used to stabilize canine distal femoral fractures     

Reems MR  Pluhar GE  Wheeler DL 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2006,35(2):161-167

OBJECTIVE: To compare the structural properties of an 8 mm model 11 interlocking nail (IN) with 2 proximal and 2 distal screws (2/2) to 2 proximal and 1 distal screws (2/1) in an unstable canine fracture model. STUDY DESIGN: Ex vivo biomechanical investigation. SAMPLE POPULATION: Eight pairs of adult canine femurs. METHODS: A simple transverse distal metaphyseal femoral fracture with a 1 cm gap was created. The unstable fracture in 1 femur was repaired with a nail with 2 distal and 2 proximal screws and the paired femur with a nail with 1 distal and 2 proximal screws. Cyclic mechanical testing in torsion was performed to assess fatigue life, peak torque, stiffness, and mode of failure. RESULTS: All 2/1 IN-femoral constructs, but only 2 of eight 2/2 constructs, failed before completion of 50,000 loading cycles. The 2/2 constructs had significantly greater peak torque to failure (P = .002) and longer fatigue life (P = .00003) compared with 2/1 constructs. There were no significant differences in stiffness between 2/2 and 2/1 constructs when the non-failed constructs were compared (P > .5). All constructs failed by screw deformation. CONCLUSIONS: An 8 mm model 11 IN used for fixation of unstable canine distal femoral fractures has a longer fatigue life and is stronger under torsional loads when 2 rather than 1 distal screws are placed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: When repairing unstable canine distal femoral fractures with an IN system, 2 distal screws should be inserted to avoid catastrophic implant failure before bone healing is achieved.  相似文献   

Immunohistochemical analysis of ocular hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas in dogs     

Heather L. Chandler  Kimberly M. Newkirk†  Donna F. Kusewitt‡  Richard R. Dubielzig§  Carmen M. H. Colitz¶ 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2009,12(2):83-90

Purpose  To determine if molecular markers typically associated with ultraviolet exposure could be detected in canine ocular hemangiomas (HA) and hemangiosarcomas (HSA).
Methods  Paraffin-embedded samples of canine ocular HA ( n  = 6) and HSA ( n  = 6) were examined for the presence of p53, p21, p16, cyclin D, PCNA, pAkt, telomerase, and estrogen receptor (ER)-α using immunohistochemistry.
Results  p53 and cyclin D protein were not detected in any of the canine HA or HSA samples. The majority of the HA and HSA were negative for both p21 and telomerase. pAkt immunoreactivity was absent in one HA, one HSA, but was present in five HA and five HSA. All of the HA or HSA samples were strongly positive for p16 and PCNA. ERα was expressed in all of the samples examined; there was more intense staining in the HSA samples compared to the HA samples.
Conclusions  Results from this study describe the protein expression, via immunohistochemistry, that might be altered in UV exposure in HA and HAS formation. p53 may not play an important role in tumor development; rather, in the tumors examined, expression of cell cycle regulators independent of the p53 pathway appear central in HA and HSA formation and progression. In addition, this study finds that ERα may be involved in promoting the invasive behavior associated with HSA.  相似文献   

Nested multiplex RT-PCR for detection and differentiation of West Nile virus and eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in brain tissues.     

Donna J Johnson  Eileen N Ostlund  Beverly J Schmitt 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2003,15(5):488-493

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Increase of a Caribbean leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea nesting population linked to long-term nest protection     

Donna L. Dutton  Milani Chaloupka 《Biological conservation》2005,126(2):186-194

The leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea is considered to be at serious risk of global extinction, despite ongoing conservation efforts. Intensive long-term monitoring of a leatherback nesting population on Sandy Point (St. Croix, US Virgin Islands) offers a unique opportunity to quantify basic population parameters and evaluate effectiveness of nesting beach conservation practices. We report a significant increase in the number of females nesting annually from ca. 18-30 in the 1980s to 186 in 2001, with a corresponding increase in annual hatchling production from ca. 2000 to over 49,000. We then analyzed resighting data from 1991 to 2001 with an open robust-design capture-mark-recapture model to estimate annual nester survival and adult abundance for this population. The expected annual survival probability was estimated at ca. 0.893 (95% CI: 0.87-0.92) and the population was estimated to be increasing ca. 13% pa since the early 1990s. Taken together with DNA fingerprinting that identify mother-daughter relations, our findings suggest that the increase in the size of the nesting population since 1991 was probably due to an aggressive program of beach protection and egg relocation initiated more than 20 years ago. Beach protection and egg relocation provide a simple and effective conservation strategy for this Northern Caribbean nesting population as long as adult survival at sea remains relatively high.  相似文献