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Barbara Vornam Olexandra Kuchma Nikolay Kuchma Andrey Arkhipov Reiner Finkeldey 《European Journal of Forest Research》2004,123(3):245-248
Microsatellites (SSRs) were surveyed to detect somatic mutations caused by chronic irradiation in Pinus sylvestris from Chernobyl (Ukraine). The analysed trees grow close to the exploded nuclear power plant. They survived the accident, but show morphological anomalies and reduced growth and vitality. Ionising radiation is a known mutagen which causes double-strand breaks of DNA in all living organisms. Using six SSR markers, one tree was found in which a mutation (deletion) was detected at the gene locus SPAG 7.14. 相似文献
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Mironov NA Breus VV Gorbatchuk VV Solomonov BN Haertlé T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(9):2665-2673
The binding properties of dry proteins are relatively poorly known. Many proteins are present in emulsions and suspensions and also in dry forms. This is particularly true of dairy proteins, which are often stored and sold in powdered form. In the present work, the binding of three terpenes (alpha-terpinene, gamma-terpinene, and terpinolene), which belong to the basic aroma components, and of decane by powdered beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) was studied at different hydration levels (0.05-0.40 g of H(2)O/g of protein) and temperatures (298 and 309.5 K), in the presence or absence of lipids and small concentrations of ethanol. Vapor sorption isotherms were determined for these systems by a static method of headspace gas chromatographic analysis. A cooperative effect of hydrophobic hydration was observed for the binding of aroma terpenes and decane by the solid BLG. The temperature increase from 298 to 309.5 K reduced the observed hydration threshold of BLG by 0.05-0.08 g of H(2)O/g of protein. Lipids (1.2% w/w) in hydrated BLG gave at least a 2-fold increase in its binding affinity for the hydrocarbons studied, and synergic effects of the hydration and lipid on this affinity were observed. 相似文献
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Ivan V. Timofeev Natalia E. Kosheleva Nikolay S. Kasimov Petr D. Gunin Enkh-Amgalan Sandag 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2016,16(4):1225-1237
Purpose
The aim of the present study is to evaluate geochemical transformation of soil cover in the territory of Erdenet (Mongolia) and to assess the environmental risk associated with soil cover contamination. The objectives of the present study included: (1) the determination of heavy metals (HMs) and metalloids contents in surface horizons of background and urban soils and the assessment of geochemical transformation of the city’s soil cover; (2) the identification of elements’ associations and patterns of their spatial distribution in the soil cover of the city; (3) the assessment of environmental hazard, related to contamination of soils with complexes of HMs and metalloids.Materials and methods
Soil–geochemical survey was conducted by the authors in the summer periods of 2010 and 2011. In total, 225 samples, including 32 backgrounds, were collected. Bulk contents of HMs and metalloids in soil samples were analyzed by mass-spectral method with inductively coupled plasma at All-Russian Research Institute of Mineral Raw Materials (Moscow) using Elan-6100 and Optima-4300 devices (Perkin Elmer, USA).Results and discussion
Mo, Cu, and Se appeared to be the priority pollutants nearly in all land-use zones. The maximum accumulation of Mo, Cu, Se, As, Sb, and W is restricted to the industrial area where total pollution index of soils (Zc) equals 74.8. Three technogenic associations of elements, derived mainly from petrochemical features of Erdenet ore field and characterized by similar spatial distribution within the city, are identified. Environmental assessment of surface soil horizon geochemistry in Erdenet showed that 1/5 of its area has dangerous and extremely dangerous levels of soil pollution.Conclusions
Experience of the environmental–geochemical assessment of soil cover in the impact zone of mining enterprises could be useful for other fields of the non-ferrous metals with high lithological–geochemical heterogeneity of the territory. It suggests the need of accounting for the geological diversity and specific features of metallogeny of an area. Geochemical indices local enrichment factor/local depletion factor should be calculated against the individual background values for each soil-forming rock. Such approach allows more accurate assessment of the degree of technogenic geochemical transformation of soils and the environmental hazard of pollution.45.
Thao Thi Dao Robert Mikutta Birgit Wild Leopold Sauheitl Norman Gentsch Olga Shibistova Jörg Schnecker Nikolay Lashchinskiy Andreas Richter Georg Guggenberger 《European Journal of Soil Science》2023,74(5):e13408
Climate change drives a northward shift of biomes in high-latitude regions. This might have consequences on the decomposition of plant litter entering the soil, including its lignin component, which is one of the most abundant components of vascular plants. In order to elucidate the combined effect of climate and soil characteristics on the decomposition pattern of lignin, we investigated lignin contents and its degree of oxidative decomposition within soil profiles along a climosequence in western Siberia. Soil samples were collected from organic topsoil to mineral subsoil at six sites along a 1500-km latitudinal transect, stretching from tundra, through taiga and forest steppe to typical steppe. The stage of lignin degradation, as mirrored by decreasing organic carbon-normalized lignin contents and increasing oxidative alteration of the remnant lignin (acid-to-aldehyde ratios of vanillyl- and syringyl-units [(Ac/Al)V and (Ac/Al)S]) within soil horizons, increased from tundra to forest steppe and then decreased to the steppe. Principal component analysis, involving also climatic conditions such as mean annual temperature and aridity index, showed that the different states of lignin degradation between horizons related well to the activity of phenoloxidases and peroxidases, enzymes involved in lignin depolymerization that are produced primarily by fungi and less importantly by bacteria. The low microbial lignin decomposition in the tundra was likely due to low temperature and high soil moisture, which do not favour the fungi. Increasing temperature and decreasing soil moisture, facilitating a higher abundance of fungi, led to increased fungal lignin decomposition towards the forest-steppe biome, while drought and high pH might be responsible for the reduced lignin decomposition in the steppe. We infer that a shift of biomes to the north, driven by climate change, might promote lignin decomposition in the northern parts, whereas in the south a further retardation might be likely. 相似文献
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Dana Zimmer Kristian Kiersch Gerald Jandl Ralph Meissner Nikolay Kolomiytsev Peter Leinweber 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,211(1-4):299-312
The contamination status of rivers and their floodplains with inorganic and organic pollutants in central Russia is poorly known. We investigated the concentrations of inorganic (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) and persistent organic pollutants (hexachlorocyclohexane, PCBs, cyclodienes, DDX and other pesticides) in floodplain soils of the Oka River catchment (Russia). The level of contamination was generally lower than in the Elbe River floodplain but in the same range as in other European river systems such as floodplains of the rivers Rhine, D?evnice and Yachroma. Only soil samples from the periphery of the city of Ryazan (200 km southeast of Moscow) had a higher anthropogenic enrichment of Cd, Cu and Zn which was comparable to the contaminated Elbe River floodplains. These soils also had the largest concentrations of persistent organic pollutants among all samples from the Oka River catchment. Therefore, the need for large-scale remediation seems to be less urgent than in Central European river catchments and mainly restricted to some “hot spot” areas. 相似文献
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Reichow MK Saunders AD White RV Pringle MS Al'Mukhamedov AI Medvedev AI Kirda NP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5574):1846-1849
Widespread basaltic volcanism occurred in the region of the West Siberian Basin in central Russia during Permo-Triassic times. New 40Ar/39Ar age determinations on plagioclase grains from deep boreholes in the basin reveal that the basalts were erupted 249.4 +/- 0.5 million years ago. This is synchronous with the bulk of the Siberian Traps, erupted further east on the Siberian Platform. The age and geochemical data confirm that the West Siberian Basin basalts are part of the Siberian Traps and at least double the confirmed area of the volcanic province as a whole. The larger area of volcanism strengthens the link between the volcanism and the end-Permian mass extinction. 相似文献
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This paper describes a new source of host-plant resistance to the Colorado Potato Beetle (CPB;Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)) in a tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) selection, ND2858-1. This hybrid was recorded as a cross betweenS. fendleri ssp.fendleri (A. Gray) and NDSU selection ND1215-1. Field defoliation of this and progeny clones from a subsequent cross to an cultivar was reduced by 50% to 90% in open-choice field screening plots. Progeny of ND2858-1 are vigorous, with high yield potential, and some clones have tuber glycoalkaloid content equivalent to commercial cultivars. These clones are male and female fertile and may be useful to other potato breeding programs. Further characterization of this resistance source is in progress. 相似文献
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