Cattle Dermatophilus congolensis dermatophilosis in the French West Indies. I. Characteristics of the lesions and serologic response     

N Barré  G Matheron  P C Lefèvre  C Le Goff  B Rogez  F Roger  D Martinez  C Sheikboudou 《Revue d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux》1988,41(2):129-138

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Cardiovascular effects of doxacurium chloride in isoflurane-anaesthetised dogs     

E. A. Martinez  A. A. Wooldridge  D. E. Mercer  M. R. Slater  S. M. Hartsfield 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》1997,24(1):10-13

The cardiovascular effects of doxacurium were studied in 6 isoflurane-anaesthetised dogs. Each dog was anaesthetised twice, receiving doxacurium (0.008 mg/kg bwt) or placebo iv. Dogs were ventilated to normocapnia. Heart rate, cardiac index, systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures, stroke volume, pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and pulmonary arterial pressure were determined. Neuromuscular blockade was assessed using the train-of-four technique. After recording baseline values, dogs randomly received either doxacurium or placebo iv, and data were recorded at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 min. At 120 min, dogs treated with doxacurium received edrophonìum (0.5 mg/kg bwt iv) to antagonise neuromuscular blockade; dogs treated with placebos received saline iv. No statistically significant differences were detected after doxacurium compared to placebo. In both the doxacurium and placebo groups, significant increases in systolic arterial blood pressure, cardiac index, and stroke volume and a significant decrease in systemic vascular resistance occurred with time. Doxacurium depressed twitch tension 100% in all dogs (time to maximal twitch depression, 11 ± 7 min). First twitch tension was less than 10% of baseline values in all dogs at the time (120 min) of edrophonium administration. Additional edrophonium (1.0 ± 0.4 mg/kg iv) was required to obtain a fourth twitch to first twitch ratio of greater than 0.70. In conclusion, doxacurium is a long-acting neuromuscular blocking agent with no significant cardiovascular effects in isoflurane-anesthetised dogs. In dogs, doxacurium is indicated primarily for long surgical procedures requiring neuromuscular blockade and cardiovascular stability.  相似文献   

Rift Valley fever in Western Africa     

J F Saluzzo  C Chartier  R Bada  D Martinez  J P Digoutte 《Revue d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux》1987,40(3):215-223

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Solubility of Selected Inorganic Fertilizers in Brackish Water     

David  Teichert-Coddington Claude  Boyd Delia Martinez  de Pinel 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1997,28(2):205-210

Abstract.— Diammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, triple superphosphate, and urea were dropped through a 1-m column of water which ranged from 0 to 40 ppt salinity. Mean solubility of nitrogen was 4.1% from diammonium phosphate, 11.8% from monoammonium phosphate, and 76.8% from urea. Mean solubility of phosphorus was 4.6% from diammonium phosphate, 10.4% from monoammonium phosphate and 4.4% from triple superphosphate. Salinity did not significantly affect the solubility of nitrogen and phosphorus from diammonium phosphate. Nitrogen solubility from monoammonium phosphate and phosphorus solubility from triple superphosphate significantly decreased with increasing salinity, but the correlations were low. Urea solubility, and phosphorus solubility from monoammonium phosphate responded curvalinearly to increasing salinity. Solubility differences caused by salinity disappeared after 24 h of contact with water when all fertilizers dissolved completely regardless of salinity. No adjustment for salinity is necessary when fertilizer rates are calculated for brackish water or marine application.  相似文献   

Neuromuscular blocking agents.     

Elizabeth A Martinez 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice》2002,18(1):181-188

In summary, with proper vigilance, neuromuscular blocking agents can be used safely in anesthetized equine patients to optimize conditions for certain surgical procedures. By appropriate use of neuromuscular monitoring techniques and reversal agents, residual blockade and muscle weakness should be avoided, allowing the horse to recover to standing without difficulty. Research is ongoing to develop the ideal muscle relaxant, one that has a rapid onset, predictable duration and recovery times, and negligible hemodynamic effects. As newer agents become available, they should be evaluated for their suitability for use in equine patients.  相似文献   

Comparison of a novel form of zinc with zinc oxide bolus licensed for prevention of facial eczema,and interaction with copper oxide in sheep     

EA Berry  SJ Milner  M. Bosson  S McDougall 《Australian veterinary journal》2023,101(1-2):27-34

To evaluate a novel elemental zinc bolus compared with a registered positive control zinc oxide bolus and assess serum zinc concentrations following concomitant treatment with a capsule containing copper oxide needles. Forty Romney-cross ewes were randomly allocated in a 2 × 2 factorial design study. On Day 0, 20 ewes received novel boluses containing elemental zinc (Investigational Veterinary Product, IVP) while 20 received a zinc oxide bolus (control; CP). Half the animals in each zinc treatment group (n = 10) were treated with a copper oxide needle capsule [Copasure® - Ewe]. Weekly, from Day −7 to 56, all ewes were assessed for signs of photosensitization, and for 10 ewes from each zinc treatment groups, samples were collected for analysis of serum GGT activity, serum zinc concentrations, faecal zinc concentrations and on Days −7 and 56, liver copper concentrations. Multivariable random-effects models assessed the effects of zinc treatment, copper treatment, treatment interactions and time on all analytes. Regression models examined associations between serum and faecal zinc concentrations and GGT activity. Low spore numbers indicated low Pithomyces chartarum challenge. Serum zinc levels were significantly higher in the IVP than in the CP group [p < 0.0001] and varied by time [p < 0.001] and positively associated with faecal zinc concentration [p < 0.001]. Copper treatment did not affect serum zinc [p = 0.82] or faecal zinc [p = 0.92] concentrations. Liver copper concentrations did not differ between zinc treatment groups on Day −7 [p = 0.6] or Day 56 [p = 0.95]. Only the CP/no copper group had no increase in liver copper concentrations.  相似文献   

Organic carbon enables the biotic engineering of beneficial soil structure in Profundihumic and Haplic Ferralsols     

Pedro Martinez  Rebecca A. Lybrand  Karis J. McFarlane  Maoz Dor  Adrian C. Gallo  Amy Mayedo  Fillipe Marini  Pablo Vidal-Torrado  Markus Kleber 《European Journal of Soil Science》2023,74(5):e13415

We investigated how organic matter may, directly and indirectly, modify the porosity of Ferralsols, that is, deeply weathered soils of the tropics and subtropics. Although empirical and anecdotal evidence suggests that organic matter accumulation may increase porosity, a mechanistic understanding of the processes underlying this beneficial effect is lacking, especially so for Ferralsols. To achieve our end, we leveraged the fact that the Profundihumic qualifier of Ferralsols (PF) is distinguished from Haplic Ferralsols (HF) by both a much larger average carbon content in the first 1 m of soil depth (19 kg C m⁻³ in PF vs. 10 kg C m⁻³ in HF) and a significantly lower bulk density (1.05 ± 0.08 kg L⁻¹ in PF vs. 1.21 ± 0.05 kg L⁻¹ in HF). Through exhaustive modelling of carbon – bulk density relationships, we demonstrate that the lower bulk density of PF cannot be satisfactorily explained by a simple dilution effect. Rather, we found that bulk density correlated with carbon content when combined with carbon: nitrogen ratio (r² = 0.51), black carbon content (r² = 0.75), and Δ¹⁴C (r² = 0.81). Total pore space was greater in PF (61 ± 3%) than in HF (55 ± 2%), but x-ray computed tomography revealed that pore space inside soil aggregates of 4–5 mm diameter does not vary between the studied Ferralsols. We further observed nearly twice as many roots and burrows in PF compared with HF. We thus infer that the mechanism responsible for the increase in porosity is most likely an enhancement of resource availability (e.g., energy, carbon, and nutrients) for the organisms (earthworms, ants, termites, etc.) that physically displace soil particles and promote soil aggregation. As a result of increased resource availability, soil organisms can create especially the mesoscale structural soil features necessary for unrestricted water flow and rapid gas exchange. This insight paves the way for the development of land management technologies to optimize the physical shape and capacity of the soil bioreactor.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity assessment for Eugenia uniflora L., E. pyriformis Cambess., E. brasiliensis Lam. and E. francavilleana O. Berg neotropical tree species (Myrtaceae) with heterologous SSR markers     

Ronai Ferreira-Ramos  Klaus Alvaro Guerrieri Accoroni  Ariany Rossi  Marcela Corbo Guidugli  Moacyr Antonio Mestriner  Carlos Alberto Martinez  Ana Lilia Alzate-Marin 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2014,61(1):267-272

In this study, a set of nuclear microsatellite markers were transferred and characterized from two Myrtaceae sub-families to four neotropical Eugenia fruit tree species (E. uniflora L., E. pyriformis Cambess., E. brasiliensis Lam. and E. francavilleana O. Berg), which are neglected and underutilized foods of great ecological and potential economic value found in the Atlantic forest regions of South America. Leaf samples of mature E. uniflora, E. pyriformis, E. brasiliensis and E. francavilleana trees, which are popularly termed “pitanga”, “uvaia”, “grumixama” and “guamirim”, respectively, were collected from two areas greatly impacted by the agricultural practices of the sugar cane industry in the state of São Paulo in the southeastern region of Brazil. A total of 19 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from the Myrtaceae sub-families Leptospermoideae and Myrtoideae were tested, and 15 polymorphic heterologous SSR markers were identified. The expected heterozygosities for E. uniflora, E. pyriformis, E. brasiliensis and E. francavilleana were 0.64, 0.75, 0.54 and 0.71, respectively. These results suggest that these SSR markers may be useful for population genetic studies. A total of 4, 9, 11 and 4 heterologous SSR polymorphic markers for E. uniflora, E. pyriformis, E. brasiliensis and E. francavilleana, respectively, are now available for genetic diversity, gene flow and mating system analyses in these species.  相似文献   

Missing OH reactivity in a forest: evidence for unknown reactive biogenic VOCs   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Di Carlo P  Brune WH  Martinez M  Harder H  Lesher R  Ren X  Thornberry T  Carroll MA  Young V  Shepson PB  Riemer D  Apel E  Campbell C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5671):722-725

Forest emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), such as isoprene and other terpenes, play a role in the production of tropospheric ozone and aerosols. In a northern Michigan forest, the direct measurement of total OH reactivity, which is the inverse of the OH lifetime, was significantly greater than expected. The difference between measured and expected OH reactivity, called the missing OH reactivity, increased with temperature, as did emission rates for terpenes and other BVOCs. These measurements are consistent with the hypothesis that unknown reactive BVOCs, perhaps terpenes, provide the missing OH reactivity.  相似文献   

Analyzing genotype by environment interaction in potato using yield-stability index     

José M. Cotes  Carlos E. Ñustez  Ricardo Martinez  Nelson Estrada 《American Journal of Potato Research》2002,79(3):211-218

The plant breeding program of the National University of Colombia carried out 10 potato regional trials during 1998 and 1999 to evaluate 15 promising potato clones (Solanum tuberosum ssp.andigena). Genotype by environment interaction was analyzed using Kang’s methodology, which links yield performance and phenotypic stability. A MACRO was implemented using the SAS system to obtain yield-stability indices. Shukla’s variance was estimated by restricted maximum likelihood (REML), which allowed handling unbalanced data for both genotypes and replicates. In addition, a multivariate analysis methodology was developed, based on the yield-stability index. This methodology is useful when tuber yield is categorized by size and quality, which is usual in Colombian potato harvests.  相似文献