Prevalence of bovine herpesvirus-4 infection in cats in Central Michigan     

Kruger JM  Venta PJ  Swenson CL  Syring R  Gibbons-Burgener SN  Richter M  Maes RK 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2000,14(6):593-597

The gammaherpesvirus bovine herpesvirus-4 (BHV-4) has been isolated from a wide variety of animals, including lions and domestic cats. Although BHV-4 antibodies have been detected in normal cats and cats with urinary disorders, the epidemiology and pathogenic role of BHV-4 in cats is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of BHV-4 antibodies and viral nucleic acid in a population of free-roaming cats. Plasma and peripheral blood leukocyte samples were collected from 52 male and 52 female free-roaming cats impounded at a regional animal control facility in Central Michigan. Plasma concentrations of BHV-4 antibodies were measured with an indirect fluorescent antibody test. Peripheral blood leukocyte DNA was isolated, and a 2-stage polymerase chain reaction with heminested primers delineating a conserved portion of the BHV-4 glycoprotein B gene homologue was used to amplify BHV-4-specific DNA sequences. BHV-4 antibodies were detected in 38 (73%) male and 23 (44%) female cats. Seropositive cats were significantly more likely to be male than female (odds ratio = 3.22; P = .007). Cell-associated viremia was detected in 17 (33%) male and 11 (21%) female cats. Of the 61 seropositive cats, 23 (38%) had a detectable viremia; only 5 (12%) seronegative cats had detectable viremia. Seropositive cats were significantly more likely to be viremic than seronegative cats (OR = 4.30: P = .009). Our results suggest that BHV-4 infection may be more widespread in certain cat populations than previously reported. Furthermore, many cats seropositive for BHV-4 antibodies have a concurrent cell-associated viremia.  相似文献   

Disease patterns in the Detroit Zoo: a study of reptilian and amphibian populations from 1973 through 1983     

J B Kaneene  R F Taylor  J G Sikarskie  T J Meyer  N A Richter 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1985,187(11):1132-1133

A retrospective study was conducted to determine disease patterns in reptilian and amphibian populations at the Detroit Zoo from 1973 through 1983. In the reptilian population (mean +/- SD = 285.2 +/- 28), overall annual mortality rates were 1% to 40%. Mortality rates were highest in the fall months (20%) and lowest in the winter months (6%). The most frequently affected reptiles were iguana (Iguana iguana), reticulated python (Python reticulatus), rattlesnakes (Crotalus spp), common boa (Constrictor constrictor), and lizards (various genera of suborder Lacertilia). Of the 1,300 reptilian deaths from 1973 through 1983, 36.6% were caused by microbial agents, 12% by parasites, 11.6% by trauma, and 9.3% by nutritional deficiencies. The main microbial organisms that caused death were Aeromonas spp, Salmonella spp, Pseudomonas spp, Proteus spp, and Edwardsiella spp. The main parasites that caused death were Entamoeba spp and lungworms. Among amphibians, frogs and toads were the most frequently affected, and starvation and trauma were the most frequent causes of death.  相似文献   

Disease patterns in the Detroit Zoo: a study of the mammalian population from 1973 through 1983     

J B Kaneene  R F Taylor  J G Sikarskie  T J Meyer  N A Richter 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1985,187(11):1166-1169

A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate disease patterns in the mammals at the Detroit Zoo from 1973 through 1983. The reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), common eland (Taurotragus oryx), rednecked Wallaby (Protemnodon rufogrisea), sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekii), and kangaroo (Macropus spp)- were the most frequently affected mammalian species. Parasitic agents (80% of which were internal parasites) caused morbidity in 60.2% of the mammals evaluated (n = 2,475) and microbial agents caused morbidity in 20.8% of the animals. Strongyloides spp, Trichostrongylus spp, coccidian species, Diphyllobothrium spp, and Trichuris spp were the internal parasites most frequently found. Overall annual mortality rate was 14% to 34%, with microbiological agents causing the highest mortality (26.5%). Pasteurella spp, beta-hemolytic Streptococcus spp, pathogenic Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium spp, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most frequent microbial causes of death. Cause of mortality could not be determined in 21.5% of the animals evaluated. The percentage of animals successfully treated increased from 1973 through 1983. Generally, however, the percentage of successfully treated animals was low (21% to 39%).  相似文献   

Morphological and histological research on the distal ends of the extremities of Merino mutton sheep maintained under a combination of grated-floor housing and pasturing     

C Preusse  A Hoffmann  P Richter  J Schneider 《Archiv fuer experimentelle veterinaermedizin》1985,39(6):797-804

  相似文献   

Effect of a single injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on testicular blood flow measured by color doppler ultrasonography in male Shiba goats     

Haney SAMIR  Kazuaki SASAKI  Eman AHMED  Aly KAREN  Kentaro NAGAOKA  Mohamed EL SAYED  Kazuyoshi TAYA  Gen WATANABE 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(5):549-556

Although color Doppler ultrasonography has been used to evaluate testicular blood flow in many species, very little has been done in goat. Eight male Shiba goats were exposed to a single intramuscular injection of either gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH group; 1 µg/kg BW) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG group; 25 IU/kg BW). Plasma testosterone (T), estradiol (E2) and inhibin (INH) were measured just before (0 hr) and at different intervals post injection by radioimmunoassay. Testis volume (TV) and Doppler indices, such as resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of the supratesticular artery, were measured by B-mode and color Doppler ultrasonography, respectively. The results indicated an increase in testicular blood flow in both groups, as RI and PI decreased significantly (P<0.05), but this increase was significant higher and earlier in hCG group (1 hr) than in the GnRH group (2 hr). A high correlation was found for RI and PI with both T (RI, r= −0.862; PI, r= −0.707) and INH in the GnRH group (RI, r=0.661; PI, r=0.701). However, a significant (P<0.05) correlation was found between E2 and both RI (r= −0.610) and PI (r= −0.763) in hCG group. In addition, TV significantly increased and was highly correlated with RI in both groups (GnRH, r= −0.718; hCG, r= −0.779). In conclusion, hCG and GnRH may improve testicular blood flow and TV in Shiba goats.  相似文献   

Npro of Bungowannah virus exhibits the same antagonistic function in the IFN induction pathway than that of other classical pestiviruses     

Maria Richter  Patricia König  Ilona Reimann  Martin Beer 《Veterinary microbiology》2014,168(2-4):340-347

Bungowannah virus is the most divergent atypical pestivirus that had been detected up to now, and does not fit into any of the four approved species: Bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (BVDV-1) and type 2 (BVDV-2), Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and Border disease virus (BDV). However, the presence of N^pro and E^rns coding regions, which are unique to pestiviruses, provides clear evidence of a pestivirus. Nevertheless, the amino acid identity of Bungowannah virus N^pro and BVDV-1 N^pro (strain CP7) is only 51.5%. By using a BVDV-1 backbone, a novel chimeric construct was generated, in which the genomic region encoding the non-structural protein N^pro was replaced by that of Bungowannah virus (CP7_N^pro-Bungo). In vitro studies of CP7_N^pro-Bungo revealed autonomous replication with the same efficacy as the BVDV backbone CP7 and infectious high-titer virus could be collected. In order to compare the ability of interferon (IFN) suppression, two reporter gene assays, specific for type-I IFN, were carried out. In virus-infected cells, no significant difference in blocking of IFN expression between the parental virus CP7, Bungowannah virus and the chimeric construct CP7_N^pro-Bungo could be detected. In contrast, an N^pro deletion mutant showed an impaired replication in bovine cells and a marked type-I IFN response.Taken together, our findings reveal the compatibility of non-structural protein N^pro of atypical Bungowannah virus with a BVDV type 1 backbone and its characteristic feature as an inhibitor of type-I IFN induction with an inhibitor-activity comparable to other pestiviruses.  相似文献   

Pheromonal stimulation of ovarian recrudescence in hatchery-raised adult African catfish, Clarias gariepinus     

J.H. Van Weerd  M. Sukkel  I. Bin Awang Kechik  A.B.J. Bongers  C.J.J. Richter 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1990,90(3-4):369-387

Adult female African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, were manipulated to enter the phase of ovarian recrudescence by induced ovulation and stripping. These females were exposed to various conspecific stimuli for 33 days. At the end of the experimental period, gonadosomatic indexes (GSIs) were higher in females which had received holding water from a mixed-sex population than in comparable controls. The effect was abolished when recipient females had been rendered anosmic, indicating the presence of chemical substances perceptible through olfaction. Fecundity estimates and histological analysis suggest that the increase in GSI due to pheromonal stimulation is caused by both an increased recruitment of oocytes into the stage of exogenous vitellogenesis and by an enhanced deposition of yolk material in the oocytes. It is concluded that male C. gariepinus release pheromones with a stimulatory effect on vitellogenesis. Neither anosmia itself nor metabolites in holding water affected ovarian recrudescence or body weight increase. The biological significance of such pheromones is discussed in the context of observations on reproduction of C. gariepinus made in the natural environment.  相似文献   

Aquaculture training manual: Donald R. Swift. Fishing News Books. Blackwell Scientific Publications, London, 1993, 158 pp., second edition. ISBN 0-85238194-8     

Carel J.J. Richter 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1994,120(3-4):347

  相似文献   

Notes on the Fishery Potential and Fish Fauna of the Brokopondo Reservoir (Surinam)     

C. J. J. Richter  H. Nijssen 《Aquaculture Research》1980,11(3):119-130

The Brokopondo reservoir is situated in north-east Surinam and has a surface area of 150,000 ha. The dam was completed in 1964 for providing hydroelectric power. During the filling stage of the reservoir. 1964–1967, the composition of the fish fauna was studied. From 1967 to the present, no fishery research has been carried out in the reservoir. The aim of a mission, which was conducted in December 1978, was to obtain fundamental information on the fishery potential and fish fauna. Thirty-seven species have been collected with various fishing techniques; of these the characid Serrasalmus rhambeus (Linnaeus, 1766) and the cichlid Cichla ocellaris Block & Schneider, 1801 are possibly exploitable. The potential yeild of the reservoir is estimated at 3500 tonne yr^-1. Gill nets with large mesh sizes proved to give the best results of the different fishery techniques tried. A comparison of the recent ichthyofauna with the fish species composition during 1966–1967 is provided and discussed.  相似文献   

Spectral sensitivity in the photodegradation of fir wood (Abies alba Mill.) surfaces: colour changes in natural weathering     

Vjekoslav Živković  Martin Arnold  Kristijan Radmanović  Klaus Richter  Hrvoje Turkulin 《Wood Science and Technology》2014,48(2):239-252

Activation spectra of wood under natural irradiation were investigated in detail in this work. The main purpose was to study colour changes on the wood surface over time and into the depth during natural light exposure and thus to further contribute to the optimization of surface-protecting treatments. In a natural weathering test, three 80-μm-thick strips of fir wood forming the surface layer of a wood composite were exposed to light under a series of glass cut-off filters. Samples were withdrawn at intervals and tested for colour changes. Identification of the most detrimental wavebands of light causing photodegradation was performed based on recorded colour changes. With chronological development of exposure, the colour changes shifted ever deeper into the surface and further into the visible region of the spectrum. A relatively narrow waveband from 360 to 435 nm was identified in the activation spectra to be the most active band, causing the greatest proportion of recorded colour changes. However, also visible light of wavelengths up to 515 nm significantly contributed to colour changes of the surface layers.  相似文献