Helminthosporiella stilbacea associated with African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) in Brazil     

Andr Wilson Campos Rosado  Alessandra de Jesus Boari  Fbio Alex Custdio  Ayane Fernanda Ferreira Quadros  Izabel Cristina Alves Batista  Olinto Liparini Pereira 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(5)

African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is considered the most productive oleaginous crop due to its high oil production per hectare. In April 2015, E. guineensis leaves showing elliptical necrotic spots with yellowish halo were observed in a commercial plantation in Moju, Pará state, Brazil. A synematous fungus was consistently observed associated with the necrotic spots. The aim of this study was to identify this fungus associated with E. guineensis in Brazil. Based on morphology and DNA sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer rDNA, the fungus was identified as Helminthosporiella stilbacea. Helmintosporiella stilbacea has been reported associated with leaf spots on E. guineensis in Africa, Ghana, Sudan and Zambia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of H. stilbacea associated with E. guineensis in Brazil.  相似文献   

The Effect of Removal of Seminal Plasma, Egg Yolk Level and Season on Sperm Freezability of Canary Buck (Capra hircus)     

F Cabrera  F González  M Batista  P Calero  A Medrano  A Gracia 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2005,40(3):191-195

Goat semen is different from that of other domestic species in its limited tolerance to the inclusion of egg yolk in the freezing medium, and this tolerance depends on the presence of enzymes in the seminal plasma that react with egg yolk, producing toxic compounds to the spermatozoa. Moreover, the goat is a seasonal breeder that shows variations in semen quality throughout the year, and those variations may affect semen freezability; hence in freezing protocols, for instance, removal of seminal plasma (washing) yields varying results. This work was designed to study this problem in Canary goats: semen from six males was collected in spring, autumn or winter, washed or non-washed, diluted in a freezing extender with 1.5, 6 or 12% egg yolk, frozen, and thawed after 2 days, 2 or 6 months of cryopreservation. The effect of egg yolk concentration in the freezing extender was far more important than the effect of washing or season on sperm cryosurvival. The quality of frozen-thawed semen tended to improve as egg yolk concentration increased regardless of the effects of season, washing or period of cryopreservation. Washing produced a positive effect on frozen-thawed semen collected during spring or autumn, but the difference decreased as the concentration of yolk increased. However, washing produced a negative effect on frozen-thawed semen collected during winter, diluted with either 6 or 12% egg yolk. There was no apparent seasonal effect on gross measures of sperm production but the seasonal effect was ever present and was reinforced by freezing.  相似文献   

Wood density in forests of Brazil's ‘arc of deforestation’: Implications for biomass and flux of carbon from land-use change in Amazonia     

Euler Melo Nogueira  Philip Martin Fearnside  Bruce Walker Nelson  Mabiane Batista França 《Forest Ecology and Management》2007

Wood density is an important variable in estimates of forest biomass and greenhouse-gas emissions from land-use change. The mean wood density used in estimates of forest biomass in the Brazilian Amazon has heretofore been based on samples from outside the “arc of deforestation”, where most of the carbon flux from land-use change takes place. This paper presents new wood density estimates for the southern and southwest Brazilian Amazon (SSWA) portions of the arc of deforestation, using locally collected species weighted by their volume in large local inventories. Mean wood density was computed for the entire bole, including the bark, and taking into account radial and longitudinal variation. A total of 403 trees were sampled at 6 sites. In the southern Brazilian Amazon (SBA), 225 trees (119 species or morpho-species) were sampled at 4 sites. In eastern Acre state 178 trees (128 species or morpho-species) were sampled at breast height in 2 forest types. Mean basic density in the SBA sites was 0.593 ± 0.113 (mean ± 1 S.D.; n = 225; range 0.265–0.825). For the trees sampled in Acre the mean wood density at breast height was 0.540 ± 0.149 (n = 87) in open bamboo-dominated forest and 0.619 ± 0.149 (n = 91) in dense bamboo-free forest. Mean wood density in the SBA sites was significantly higher than in the bamboo dominated forest but not the dense forest at the Acre site. From commercial wood inventories by the RadamBrasil Project in the SSWA portion of the arc of deforestation, the wood volume and wood density of each species or genus were used to estimate average wood density of all wood volume in each vegetation unit. These units were defined by the intersection of mapped forest types and states. The area of each unit was then used to compute a mean wood density of 0.583 g cm⁻³ for all wood volume in the SSWA. This is 13.6% lower than the value applied to this region in previous estimates of mean wood density. When combined with the new estimates for the SSWA, this gave an average wood density of 0.642 g cm⁻³ for all the wood volume in the entire Brazilian Amazon, which is 7% less than a prior estimate of 0.69 g cm⁻³. These results suggest that current estimates of carbon emissions from land-use change in the Brazilian Amazon are too high. The impact on biomass estimates and carbon emissions is substantial because the downward adjustment is greater in forest types undergoing the most deforestation. For 1990, with 13.8 × 10³ km² of deforestation, emissions for the Brazilian Amazon would be reduced by 23.4–24.4 × 10⁶ Mg CO₂-equivalent C/year (for high- and low-trace gas scenarios), or 9.4–9.5% of the gross emission and 10.7% of the net committed emission, both excluding soils.  相似文献   

Comparison of growth curve parameters of organs and body components in meat- (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) and laying-type (Coturnix coturnix japonica) quail show interactions between gender and genotype     

D.O. Grieser  S.M. Marcato  A.C. Furlan  V. Zancanela  A.P.S. Ton  E. Batista 《British poultry science》2015,56(1):6-14

1. The objective of this study was to estimate growth parameters of carcass components (wing, thighs and drumsticks, back and breast) and organs (heart, liver, gizzard and gut) in males and females of one meat-type quail strain (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) and two laying strains (Coturnix coturnix japonica) designated either yellow or red.

2. A total of 1350 quail from 1 to 42 d old were distributed in a completely randomised design, with 5 replicates of each strain. The carcass component weights and body organs were analysed weekly and evaluated using the Gompertz function; growth rates were evaluated through derivative equations.

3. The meat-type strain presented the highest growth rates in carcass components and organs. Across strains, females showed the highest weight of internal organs at maturity compared to males.

4. Females had greater growth potential in breast, wings and back than males for both yellow and red laying quail.

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Antimicrobial effect against different bacterial strains and bacterial adaptation to essential oils used as feed additives     

Antonio Diego Brand?o Melo  Amanda Figueiredo Amaral  Gustavo Schaefer  Fernando Bittencourt Luciano  Carla de Andrade  Leandro Batista Costa  Marcos Horácio Rostagno 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2015,79(4):285-289

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and determine the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the essential oils derived from Origanum vulgare (oregano), Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree), Cinnamomum cassia (cassia), and Thymus vulgaris (white thyme) against Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. The study also investigated the ability of these different bacterial strains to develop adaptation after repetitive exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of these essential oils. The MBC of the essential oils studied was determined by disc diffusion and broth dilution methods. All essential oils showed antimicrobial effect against all bacterial strains. In general, the development of adaptation varied according to the bacterial strain and the essential oil (tea tree > white thyme > oregano). Therefore, it is important to use essential oils at efficient bactericidal doses in animal feed, food, and sanitizers, since bacteria can rapidly develop adaptation when exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of these oils.  相似文献   

More green infrastructure is required to maintain ecosystem services under current trends in land-use change in Europe     

Joachim Maes  Ana Barbosa  Claudia Baranzelli  Grazia Zulian  Filipe Batista e Silva  Ine Vandecasteele  Roland Hiederer  Camino Liquete  Maria Luisa Paracchini  Sarah Mubareka  Chris Jacobs-Crisioni  Carolina Perpiña Castillo  Carlo Lavalle 《Landscape Ecology》2015,30(3):517-534

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Trypanosomiasis by Trypanosoma vivax in cattle in the Brazilian semiarid: Description of an outbreak and lesions in the nervous system     

Batista JS  Riet-Correa F  Teixeira MM  Madruga CR  Simões SD  Maia TF 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,143(2):174-181

An outbreak of trypanosomiasis by Trypanosoma vivax is reported in the semiarid of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil from May to August 2002. Sixty-four cows out of 130 were affected; 11 died and the other recovered after treatment with diminazene aceturate. Affected animals had fever, anemia, weight loss, hypoglycemia, increased serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and, in nine cows, nervous signs. All cows with nervous signs died; six of them recovered after treatment, but the disease relapsed. Six cows aborted and one delivered a calf that died immediately after parturition. Thirty-two out of 100 calves were affected and five died. Nervous signs were not observed in the calves. Gross lesions were thickening of the meninges, enlarged lymph nodes and prominent white pulp of the spleen. The main histological lesion was meningoencephalitis and malacia in the brain of cows with nervous signs. No antibodies against trypanosomes were found in 33 blood samples collected before the outbreak in the affected farm and in 29 samples collected at the same time in two other neighbor farms. Until January 2003, all 89 animals tested had antibodies against T. vivax, suggesting the occurrence of sub clinical infections in cattle without clinical signs. Only two out of 85 serum samples collected on April 2004 were positive for T. vivax antibodies. Data obtained suggested that the semiarid region is non-endemic for trypanosomiasis and that disease occurred due to introduction of the parasite in a susceptible population after an apparent rise in the Tabanus spp. population.  相似文献   

Conidiobolomycosis in sheep in Brazil     

Silva SM  Castro RS  Costa FA  Vasconcelos AC  Batista MC  Riet-Correa F  Carvalho EM 《Veterinary pathology》2007,44(3):314-319

Conidiobolomycosis is reported in the state of Piauí, in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. Affected sheep had depression, weight loss, serous or mucohemorrhagic nasal discharge, and cranium-facial asymmetry from exophthalmos of 1 eye, generally with increased volume of the eyeball, keratitis, and corneal ulceration. At necropsy of 60 sheep, friable masses were observed in the posterior region of the nasal cavity, often destroying the ethmoturbinate bones. Frequently, the lesions invaded the nasal sinuses, cribiform plate, orbit, and brain. The masses were irregular, granular with moist surfaces, and soft and friable with white, yellow, or tan coloration. Dissemination of the lesion to lungs was observed in 27 sheep, to the brain in 26, to lymph nodes in 3, to the kidney in 2, and to the gallbladder and heart in 1. The microscopic examination showed granulomatous inflammation composed of central necrosis surrounded by lymphocytes, epithelioid and giant cells, and fibrous tissue. In all lesions, negatively stained structures representing hyphae were surrounded by Splendore-Hoeppli material. Coagulative necrosis, thrombosis, and vasculitis were also observed. Grocott methenamine silver stain showed 8-30-microm-thick hyphae, rarely septate or ramified, irregular in shape, and with black contoured wall, sometimes with bulbous dilatation in the extremities. On electron microscopy, the hyphae had a thick double wall surrounded by cellular remnants and an inflammatory exudate. Conidiobolus coronatus was isolated from the lesions of 6 sheep. Conidiobolomycosis is an important disease of sheep in the state of Piauí, and other regions of northeastern Brazil.  相似文献   

Commercial Bacillus probiotic supplementation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchys mykiss) and brown trout (Salmo trutta): growth,immune responses and intestinal morphology          下载免费PDF全文

Maria Amélia Ramos  José F M Gonçalves  Benjamín Costas  Sónia Batista  Rebecca Lochmann  Maria A Pires  Paulo Rema  Rodrigo O A Ozório 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(5):2538-2549

Probiotic administration is associated with the enhancement of host resistance to environmental and nutritional stressors, improving survival and growth rates. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus toyoi on growth performance, innate immune responses and gut morphology of two trout species feeding a commercial diet high in soybean meal. A commercial probiotic (4.2 × 10⁹ CFU g^?1 of additive) was supplemented to the experimental diets at 0% (control), 0.03% (P₁; 6 × 10³ CFU g^?1 of diet) or 0.06% (P₂; 1.5 × 10⁶ CFU g^?1 of diet) and fed to brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) for 9 and 20 weeks respectively. Rainbow trout showed significantly better growth performance than brown trout, regardless of the dietary treatment. No effect of dietary probiotic supplementation was detected on growth performance, body composition or innate immune parameters (plasma lysozyme, alternative complement and peroxidase activities). In both species, after 9 weeks, intestinal lamina propria and submucosa were widened, with increased presence of inflammatory cells, significantly higher in groups fed probiotics. This inflammatory process, with villi and enterocytes noticeably damaged compared with the control group, was more pronounced in brown trout. Under the current trial conditions, the B. subtilis + B. cereus toyoi had no positive impact in either trout species, on the contrary a harmful effect was observed.  相似文献   

Gametogenic asynchrony of mussels Mytilus in a mixed-species area: Implications for management     

P. Joana Dias  Frederico M. Batista  Aileen M. Shanks  Andy R. Beaumont  Ian M. Davies  Michael Snow 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2009,295(3-4):175-182

Marine mussels Mytilus edulis, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Mytilus trossulus and their hybrids have recently been reported to occur sympatrically in both wild and farmed populations in Scotland. The presence of M. trossulus has led to significant economic losses at some aquaculture sites. Interest in understanding the reproductive cycles of these mussels in a mixed-species aquaculture area, and the potential to use this information to favour cultivation of the preferred species M. edulis, has motivated a seasonal study of the maturation stages of M. edulis, M. trossulus and M. trossulus × M. edulis hybrids, the most frequent genotypes at one site in Loch Etive, Scotland. To investigate larval abundance of these genotypes, plankton samples were collected simultaneously at the same site over the year and analysed using a real-time PCR assay for the identification of Mytilus species-specific alleles. The main spawning events of M. trossulus and M. trossulus × M. edulis hybrids occurred slightly later, but also more frequently and over a longer period than those of M. edulis. M. trossulus alleles were detected in plankton samples throughout the year, always in larger numbers than M. edulis alleles, except during February. Overall, results suggest that the settlement of M. trossulus and/or M. trossulus × M. edulis hybrids may occur during most of the year. This implies that management of the timing of the deployment of settlement ropes to significantly favour the settlement and production of M. edulis is unlikely to be successful. The real-time PCR methodology has provided valuable information on the temporal patterns of abundance of alleles of each species at the planktotrophic stage of development, and demonstrated the potential to identify and quantify Mytilus larvae in plankton samples.  相似文献