Latitudinally distinct stocks of Atlantic cod face fundamentally different biophysical challenges under on-going climate change     

Olav Sigurd Kjesbu  Maud Alix  Anne Britt Sandø  Espen Strand  Peter J. Wright  David G. Johns  Anders Thorsen  C. Tara Marshall  Kjell Gunnar Bakkeplass  Frode B. Vikebø  Mari Skuggedal Myksvoll  Geir Ottersen  Bridie J. M. Allan  Maria Fossheim  Jan Erik Stiansen  Geir Huse  Svein Sundby 《Fish and Fisheries》2023,24(2):297-320

The reproductive success of marine ectotherms is especially vulnerable in warming oceans due to alterations in adult physiology, as well as embryonic and larval survival prospects. These vital responses may, however, differ considerably across the species' geographical distribution. Here we investigated the life history, focusing on reproductive ecology, of three spatially distant populations (stocks) of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua, Gadidae) (50–80° N), in the Irish/Celtic Seas-English Channel Complex, North and Barents Seas, under past and projected climate. First, experimental tracking of spawning behaviour evidenced that the ovulation cycle is highly distressed at ≥9.6 (±0.25)°C (T_up). This knife-edge threshold resulted in erratic spawning frequencies, whereas vitellogenin sequestration remained unaffected, indicating endocrine rather than aerobic scope constraints. Cod in the Celtic Sea-English Channel are, therefore, expected to show critical stock depensation over the next decades as spawning grounds warm above T_up, with Irish Sea cod subsequently at risk. Second, in the relatively cooler North Sea, the northward retraction of Calanus finmarchicus (Calanidae) and Para-Pseudocalanus spp. (Clausocalanidae) (1958–2017) limit cod larvae feeding opportunities, particularly in the southernmost subarea. However, the contrasting increase in Calanus helgolandicus (Calanidae) does not counteract this negative effect, likely because cod larvae hatch ahead of its abundance peaks. Overfishing again comes as a twin effect. Third, in the still relatively cold Barents Sea, the sustainably harvested cod benefit from improved food conditions in the recent ice-free polar region but at the energetic cost of lengthier and faster spawning migrations. Consequently, under climate change local stocks are stressed by different mechanistic factors of varying management severity.  相似文献   

Development and application of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of serum antibodies to porcine circovirus type 2.   总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22  

I W Walker  C A Konoby  V A Jewhurst  I McNair  F McNeilly  B M Meehan  T S Cottrell  J A Ellis  G M Allan 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2000,12(5):400-405

We report the development of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) for the detection of antibodies to porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), the agent associated with the recently described postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs. At present, no method has been published describing a c-ELISA for the detection of antibodies to PCV2, and currently employed tests are impractical for use in some laboratories. The assay described here uses a cell culture isolate of porcine circovirus type 2 as antigen and a PCV2-specific monoclonal antibody as the competing reagent. Evaluation of the ELISA was performed by comparison with results obtained using an indirect immunofluorescent test on 484 sera from pig herds in the United Kingdom, Canada, France, and the USA and serial bleeds from pigs experimentally infected with porcine circoviruses. The sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA were determined as 99.58% and 97.14%, respectively, at 2 standard deviations (SD) from the mean or 95.81% and 100% at 3 SD from the mean. Using this ELISA, a serologic survey of 461 sera collected from commercial pig herds in Northern Ireland between 1973 and 1999 was undertaken. Analysis of the results of this survey demonstrated that the number of ELISA-positive sera detected in an individual year during this period ranged from 55% to 100%. This c-ELISA has applications for large-scale rapid diagnosis of PCV2 infection in pig populations worldwide and for immunoscreening of sera from other species for antibodies to PCV2.  相似文献   

Response to “Psychophysics and the Sensory Assessment of Fish”     

H. Allan Bremner 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(1):16-19

Fillets from Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) were salted with and without polyphosphates (PP) by means of a short three-step salting process. The changes in phosphate and water content during different steps of production were determined by comparing fillets with and without addition of PP. While fillet samples after salt injection and wet-salting contained different water content, from 80.1% to 74.6% depending on processing step and PP addition or not, after dry-salting there was no significant difference in water content between fillets with (58.1%) or without PP (58.9%). Dry-salted fillets with PP addition showed a phosphate content of 6.1 mg P₂O₅/g. In the following rehydration process (48 h), the total phosphate content dropped down to 2.9 mg P₂O₅/g, which was lower than the natural total phosphate content of 4.4 mg P₂O₅/g in the raw material.  相似文献   

Animal performance and reproductive aspects of female Rhamdia quelen fed on different levels of digestible energy     

Lucélia Tessaro  Cesar Pereira Rebechi de Toledo  Giovano Neumann  Ricardo Andrei Krause  Fábio Meurer  Maria Raquel Marçal Natali  Robie Allan Bombardelli 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(9):1425-1433

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different diet energy levels on animal performance. Specifically, this investigation examined the reproductive and histological aspects of the liver and gonads of female silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). These fish were fed for 210 days with diets containing 30% digestible protein (DP) and digestible energy (DE) that corresponded to 11.93, 12.98, 14.03, 15.07 and 16.12 MJ of DE kg^?1. The initial and final lengths, weights, and weight gains, the visceral, gonadal, and hepatosomatic indices, and the histological parameters hepatocytes area and gonadal stages were evaluated. In the reproductive season, the fish were submitted to an artificial reproduction protocol and the percentage of spawning females and their relative and absolute fecundity were evaluated. DE did not affect reproductive or animal performance aspects (P > 0.05). Cytoplasmic vacuoles in hepatocytes were observed in higher DE levels. Thus, female Rhamdia quelen can be fed a diet of 30% DP with 11.93 MJ of DE kg^?1 without reproductive or performance losses.  相似文献   

Vegetative endocarditis in six cats     

Malik R  Barrs VR  Church DB  Zahn A  Allan GS  Martin P  Wigney DI  Love DN 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》1999,1(3):171-180

Between 1990 and 1997 vegetative endocarditis was diagnosed in six neutered cats (three males, three females) aged between 3 and 9 years. Two cats were purebred (one Persian and one Tonkinese), the remaining four being domestic short haired cats. The diagnosis was made using echocardiography (five cases) or at necropsy (one case). Concurrent involvement of the aortic and mitral valve was noted in four cats, the aortic valve alone was affected in one case, and the tricuspid valve in another. A likely microbiological diagnosis was obtained in three cats: a Bartonella species in two cats based on positive blood culture and a Streptococcus species in one cat based on Gram stain of valve lesions at necropsy. In another cat, Gram-positive cocci were demonstrated histologically in tricuspid vegetations. Invariably, cats had signs of congestive heart failure (left-sided in five cats, right-sided in one), and this was the major factor contributing to mortality in four cases. Signs referable to sepsis were prominent in only two patients. Appropriate medical therapy, consisting of antimicrobials and drugs to treat congestive heart failure, resulted in survival for 5 and 11 months, respectively, in two cases. The other cats died within 2 weeks of diagnosis, including two which received aggressive treatment in hospital.  相似文献   

Efficacy, safety and palatability of a new broad-spectrum anthelmintic formulation in dogs     

Schmid K  Rohdich N  Zschiesche E  Kok DJ  Allan MJ 《The Veterinary record》2010,167(17):647-651

The efficacy, safety and palatability of a new flavoured chewable anthelmintic tablet were investigated in dogs. The efficacy, based on worm counts, of a single recommended therapeutic dose (RTD) of 5 mg pyrantel + 20 mg oxantel + 5 mg praziquantel/kg bodyweight was assessed in experimental infections (EI) and natural infections (NI) with Trichuris vulpis, Echinococcus granulosus and Toxocara canis. For T vulpis, the efficacy of the treatment was 99.3 per cent in EI (comparing groups of six treated and six control dogs) and 100 per cent in NI (nine treated and nine control dogs). For E granulosus, the efficacy was more than 99.9 per cent in EI (11 treated and 11 control dogs). For T canis, the efficacy was 94.3 per cent in EI (10 treated and 10 control dogs) and 100 per cent in NI (12 treated and 13 control dogs). In a field study, Ancylostoma caninum (11 dogs) and T canis (11 dogs) faecal egg counts were reduced by more than 99 per cent, and in eight dogs with Dipylidium caninum proglotides in the faeces the efficacy was 100 per cent. The tablets were readily consumed by 56 of 64 (87.5 per cent) privately owned dogs. Safety was assessed in groups of six dogs treated either once with twice the RTD, once with six times the RTD, with twice the RTD on three consecutive days, or untreated. There were no significant differences in blood parameters between the groups, and no abnormal clinical findings. Two dogs treated with six times the RTD vomited, but no vomiting was observed when administration was repeated two days later.  相似文献   

Smectite Clay as an Adsorbent of Ammonia in the Rhamdia quelen Farming Under the Influence of Different Water Temperatures     

Izabel Volkweis Zadinelo  Helton José Alves  Augusto Moesch  Tais Correia dos Santos  Fernanda Bernardi  Robie Allan Bombardelli  Lilian Dena dos Santos 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2016,227(8):270

  相似文献   

Pesticide degradation in a 'biobed' composting substrate     

Fogg P  Boxall AB  Walker A  Jukes AA 《Pest management science》2003,59(5):527-537

Pesticides play an important role in the success of modern farming and food production. However, the release of pesticides to the environment arising from non-approved use, poor practice, illegal operations or misuse is increasingly recognised as contributing to water contamination. Biobeds appear to offer a cost-effective method for treating pesticide-contaminated waste. This study was performed to determine whether biobeds can degrade relatively complex pesticide mixtures when applied repeatedly. A pesticide mixture containing isoproturon, pendimethalin, chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, epoxiconazole and dimethoate was incubated in biomix and topsoil at concentrations to simulate pesticide disposal. Although the data suggest that interactions between pesticides are possible, the effects were of less significance in biomix than in topsoil. The same mixture was applied on three occasions at 30-day intervals. Degradation was significantly quicker in biomix than in topsoil. The rate of degradation, however, decreased with each additional treatment, possibly due to the toxicity of the pesticide mixture to the microbial community. Incubations with chlorothalonil and pendimethalin carried out in sterile and non-sterile biomix indicated that degradation, rather than irreversible adsorption to the matrix, was the main mechanism responsible for the reduction in recovered residues. Results from these experiments suggest that biobeds offer a viable means of treating pesticide waste.  相似文献   

能否根除猪蛔虫感染     

唐文渊  梁润泽 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2003,23(6):48-49

猪蛔虫是大型圆虫,常见寄生于世界各地的家猪。随着养猪生产逐渐成为集约化方式,大多数蠕虫感染都会消失,但却留下蛔虫成为集约化养猪业中最后的、也是最顽固的寄生虫(Nansen和Roep-storff,1999)。就是因为这样,SPF(无特定病原体)计划就普遍都没有将蠕虫包括在内(Niemeyer,1996;Suls,2002)。  相似文献   

Osteomyelitis associated with Penicillium verruculosum in a German shepherd dog     

D. I. Wigney  G. S. Allan  L. E. Hay†  A. D. Hocking‡ 《The Journal of small animal practice》1990,31(9):449-452

Penicillium verruculosum, a saprophytic fungus isolated occasionally from soil, has not been reported previously as a cause of systemic disease in man or animals. This article describes a case of polyostotic osteomyelitis associated with P verruculosum in a previously healthy, young adult German shepherd dog. In this case predisposing factors could not be determined but it is suspected that some German shepherd dogs possess a defect in phagocytic cell function which allows widespread infection with filamentous fungi.  相似文献