Ecology. Synthesizing U.S. river restoration efforts     

Bernhardt ES  Palmer MA  Allan JD  Alexander G  Barnas K  Brooks S  Carr J  Clayton S  Dahm C  Follstad-Shah J  Galat D  Gloss S  Goodwin P  Hart D  Hassett B  Jenkinson R  Katz S  Kondolf GM  Lake PS  Lave R  Meyer JL  O'donnell TK  Pagano L  Powell B  Sudduth E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5722):636-637

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New human T-lymphotropic retrovirus related to simian T-lymphotropic virus type III (STLV-IIIAGM)   总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21  

P J Kanki  F Barin  S M'Boup  J S Allan  J L Romet-Lemonne  R Marlink  M F McLane  T H Lee  B Arbeille  F Denis 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,232(4747):238-243

This report describes serologic evidence for a virus similar to that known as simian T-lymphotropic virus type III of African Green monkeys (STLV-IIIAGM) infecting apparently healthy people in Senegal, West Africa, and the isolation of virus from these individuals. Serum samples from selected healthy West African people showed unusual serologic profiles when tested with antigens of HTLV-III/LAV, the etiologic agent of AIDS, and of STLV-IIIAGM. The samples reacted strongly with all of the major viral antigens of STLV-IIIAGM but showed variable or no reactivity with the major viral antigens of HTLV-III/LAV by radioimmunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A new human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV-IV) isolated from these people was grown in vitro and shown to have retroviral type particles, growth characteristics, and major viral proteins similar to those of the STLV-III and HTLV-III/LAV group of retroviruses. The gp120/160, gp32, p64, p55, p53, p24, and p15 proteins precipitated were the same size as and reactive with STLV-IIIAGM proteins. The serologic data suggest that this virus shares more common epitopes with STLV-IIIAGM than with the prototype HTLV-III/LAV that infects people in the United States and Europe. Further study of this virus and of the origin of the HTLV-III/LAV group of viruses may expand our understanding of the human AIDS virus.  相似文献   

The effect and mechanism of H. polygyrus infection in T-cell-mediated inflammatory bowel disease in mice     

LI Wang-lin  LAN Ping  WU Xiao-jian  RAO Ben-qiang  HE Xiao-sheng  WU Xian-rui  ZOU Yi-feng  WALKER Allan  SHI Hai-ning 《园艺学报》2011,27(4):732-738

AIM: To investigate the effect and mechanism of Heligmosomoides polygyrus (H. polygyrus) infection in mouse inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mediated by CD4⁺ helper T-cells. METHODS: Ovalbumin (OVA) -specific CD4⁺ helper T-cells were transferred into SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency) mice to establish an IBD model. The IBD mice were infected by H. polygyrus and sacrificed 14 days later. The histological changes of the colon were observed, and the expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in mesenteric lymph nodes was detected by ELISA and flow cytometry. Additionally, IL-4 monoclonal antibody was intraperitoneally injected into the H. polygyrus-infected IBD mice to block the secretion of IL-4. The IL-4-blocking IBD mice were sacrificed 9 days later and the above indexes were also determined.RESULTS: Compared with the non-infection group, the H. polygyrus-infected IBD mice had more severe colonic lesions, higher level of IL-4 and lower level of IFN-γ in mesenteric lymph nodes (all P<0.05). Compared with the non-blocking group, the H. polygyrus-infected IBD mice with IL-4 blockage had less colonic lesions, lower IL-4 level and higher IFN-γ level (all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: H. polygyrus infection in CD4⁺ T-cell-mediated IBD model promotes inflammation in the early stage probably by inducing the secretion of Th2 cytokine and inhibiting the secretion of Th1 cytokine. The finding suggests that using worms for treatment of IBD needs to be cautious.  相似文献   

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Agrobacterium</Emphasis>-mediated transformation of safflower and the efficient recovery of transgenic plants via grafting     

Srinivas Belide  Luch Hac  Surinder P Singh  Allan G Green  Craig C Wood 《Plant methods》2011,7(1):12

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Cross-enhancement of accelerated biodegradation of organophosphorus compounds in soils: Dependence on structural similarity of compounds     

Brajesh K. Singh  Allan Walker 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2005,37(9):1675-1682

Rates of degradation of seven organophosphate nematicides and insecticides were examined in two soils known to show accelerated biodegradation of fenamiphos and one soil known to show accelerated biodegradation of chlorpyrifos. The results indicated that several organophosphate insecticides and one nematicide were susceptible to cross-enhanced degradation in the soil showing accelerated biodegradation of chlorpyrifos. No cross-enhancement was observed in the two soils showing accelerated degradation of fenamiphos. Fumigation resulted in the complete inhibition of pesticide degradation in all soils. The data suggested that the cross-enhancement of selected pesticides in chlorpyrifos-degrading soil was dependent on the structural similarity of the compounds. Mechanisms of degradation of pesticide in soil support this hypothesis, where structurally similar compounds (diazinon, parathion, coumaphos and isazofos) were hydrolysed by microbial activity in chlorpyrifos-degrading soil but the degradation products were accumulated. Enhanced degradation of chlorpyrifos and fenamiphos was found to be stable in the laboratory condition for a period of one year.  相似文献   

Residue depletion study and withdrawal period for flunixin-N-methyl glucamine in bovine milk following intravenous administration     

Ngoh MA  Wislocki PG  Thompson K  Katz T  Weingarten A  TerHune T  Hurshman B 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(16):4701-4707

The objective of this study was to establish a withdrawal period for flunixin in milk by quantifying 5-hydroxyflunixin, the marker residue, in bovine milk as a function of time, following intravenous treatment of lactating dairy cows with flunixin-N-methyl glucamine (Banamine or Finadyne). Lactating dairy cows were dosed on three consecutive days at 2.2 mg of flunixin free acid/kg of body weight/day. Milk was collected twice daily and assayed using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) procedure. The method was validated at concentrations in the range 0.5-250 ppb. The concentrations for 5-hydroxyflunixin measured 12 h after the last administration of drug ranged from 1.56 to 40.6 ppb for all cows. Milk concentrations for 5-hydroxyflunixin were used to establish withdrawal periods of 36 h using guidelines established by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration/Center for Veterinary Medicine and 24 h using guidelines established by the European Medicinal Evaluation Agency/Committee on Veterinary Medicinal Products.  相似文献   

Availability of linuron to plants in different soils     

Allan Walker 《Pest management science》1973,4(5):665-675

Total uptake of linuron by wheat seedlings in nutrient solutions was close to that expected from the product of the amounts of water transpired by the plants and the concentrations of herbicide in solution. Uptake from 19 different soils was less than the amount supplied by mass-flow when the concentrations of linuron in the soil solution were estimated from slurry adsorption measurements. Using a pressure-membrane technique, it was shown that the actual soil solution concentrations of linuron were less than those estimated, and following rewetting of pressure-membrane samples, the rate of redistribution of linuron between the adsorbed and solution phases was slow. The results suggest that under the conditions of the uptake experiments, the systems were not in equilibrium, and show that the rates of adsorption and desorption of linuron may be important in determining its availability to plants.  相似文献   

Persistence of 2,4,5-T in a heavy clay soil     

Allan Walker  Allan E. Smith 《Pest management science》1979,10(2):151-157

The persistence of the herbicide 2,4,5-T was studied at different controlled temperatures and moisture levels in Regina heavy clay. Degradation approximated to first-order kinetics and the half-life varied from about 4 days at 35°C and 34% soil moisture to about 60 days at 10°C and 20% soil moisture. The laboratory data were used in conjunction with the appropriate measurements of surface soil temperature and moisture content in the field to simulate the degradation pattern for the herbicide in five separate micro-plot experiments. Satisfactory agreement with the observed patterns of loss was obtained in two of the experiments but in the other three, the model over-estimated rates of loss. It is suggested that the reason for this was the difficulty of obtaining a correct measure of soil moisture content to use in the simulation program.  相似文献   

Comparison of methods for diagnosis of rotavirus infection of calves.     

M S McNulty  G M Allan  W L Curran  J B McFerran 《The Veterinary record》1976,98(23):463-464

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William Graeme Cotton     

ETB Allan 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(1):23-23

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