Microvascular Free Tissue Transfer of the Rectus Abdominis Muscle in Dogs     

Earl F. Calfee III  DVM  Otto I. Lanz  DVM  Diplomate ACVS    Daniel A. Degner  DVM  Diplomate ACVS    Steven L. Peterson  DVM  MS  MD  Diplomate ACVS    Robert B. Duncan  DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVP    Richard V. Broadstone  DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVA    Robert A. Martin  DVM  Diplomate ACVS  ABVP    Brenda Austin  BS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2002,31(1):32-43

OBJECTIVE: To assess donor-site morbidity and survival of the rectus abdominis muscle with an overlying skin graft after free tissue transfer to a medial femorotibial defect in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Phase 1: 6 canine cadavers; phase 2: 7 adult mixed-breed dogs. METHODS: Phase 1: The rectus abdominis muscle was removed from canine cadavers, muscular and vascular dimensions were recorded, and angiography was performed. Phase 2: Muscular transfer was performed through anastomosis of the caudal epigastric artery and vein to the saphenous artery and medial saphenous vein. Transferred tissues were evaluated on postoperative days 3, 6, 10, and 13. Animals were examined daily until euthanasia between postoperative days 31 and 42. Postmortem angiograms were performed and tissues collected for histopathologic evaluation. RESULTS: Phase 1: Appropriate vascular dimensions for microvascular anastomosis were confirmed and surgical technique perfected. Phase 2: Muscular excision produced minimal donor-site morbidity. All muscles survived after microvascular transfer and angiography confirmed vascular patency. All of the skin grafts survived, with one graft undergoing partial necrosis. CONCLUSIONS: The rectus abdominis muscle can be successfully transferred to a medial femorotibial defect and can serve as a bed for acute skin grafting. No significant donor-site morbidity is associated with its removal. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Microvascular free tissue transfer of the canine rectus abdominis muscle has not been previously described. This technique provides a new alternative for repair of appropriate wounds. Additional studies are needed to define its utility in clinical patients.  相似文献   

CONTRAST PARANASAL SINUSOGRAPHY FOR EVALUATION OF DISEASE OF THE PARANASAL SINUSES OF FIVE HORSES     

Eddy  Behrens  MV  Jim  Schumacher  DVM  MS  Earl  Morris  DVM  MS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1991,32(3):105-109

Positive-contrast paranasal sinusography was employed to evaluate 5 horses with disease of the paranasal sinuses. Diseases of the paranasal sinuses of these horses were progressive ethmoidal hematoma, bacterial sinusitis secondary to dental disease, and neoplasia. Positive-contrast sinusography allowed more complete evaluation of disease of the paranasal sinus of the horse than did survey radiographs.  相似文献   

The application of island-biogeographic theory to forest tracts: Problems in the determination of turnover rates     

Earl D. McCoy 《Biological conservation》1982,22(3):217-227

Any change in the species-composition of birds on ‘islands’ may be described potentially by a number of models, one of which is the equilibrium island biogeographic model. The proper application of the equilibrium model requires that several conditions be met; the most important of which are: (1) the ability to identify true ‘colonists’; (2) balanced immigration and extinction rates; and (3) no large-scale environmental alterations causing changes in species-composition between sampling intervals. Failure to meet such conditions may lead to improbable or unrealistic interpretations of species change within the context of equilibrium island biogeographic theory. This problem is illustrated with some recent data on birds residing in a small forest patch.When the theory is used to determine the design characteristics of faunal reserves, the entire matter takes on added significance. Ecological justification for the preservation of large, contiguous areas cannot be gained from the equilibrium model. In addition, predictions of the model are virtually useless without an accompanying body of autecological information on the species intended to be preserved.  相似文献   

Regional distribution of cholinesterase in the central nervous system of miniature swine     

E Miller  J Reinwall  J Brouwer  F L Earl  J M Curtis 《American journal of veterinary research》1969,30(11):2037-2039

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Sedatives and Shows          下载免费PDF全文

Earl ER 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1960,1(8):375

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Developing Strategies for Spatially Variable Nitrogen Application in Cereals, Part I: Winter Barley     

J. P. Welsh  G. A. Wood  R. J. Godwin  J. C. Taylor  R. Earl  S. Blackmore  S. M. Knight 《Biosystems Engineering》2003,84(4):481-494

For precision agriculture to provide both economic and environmental benefits over conventional farm practice, management strategies must be developed to accommodate the spatial variability in crop performance that occurs within fields. Experiments were established in crops of winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) over three seasons. The aim of which was to evaluate a set of variable rate nitrogen strategies and examining the spatial variation in crop response to applied N. The optimum N application rate varied from 90 to in excess of 160 kg [N] ha⁻¹ in different parts of the field, which supports the case for applying spatially variable rates of N. This, however, is highly dependent on seasonal variations, e.g. the quantity and distribution of rainfall and the effect that this has on soil moisture deficits and crop growth. Estimates of yield potential, produced from either historic yield data or shoot density maps derived from airborne digital photographic images, were used to divide experimental strips into management zones. These zones were then managed according to two N application strategies. The results from the historic yield approach, based on 3 yr of yield data, were inconsistent, and it was concluded that that this approach, which is currently the most practical commercial system, does not provide a suitable basis for varying N rates. The shoot density approach, however, offered considerably greater potential as it takes account of variation in the current crop. Using this approach, it was found that applying additional N to areas with a low shoot population and reducing N to areas with a high shoot population resulted in an average strategy benefit of up to 0·36 t ha⁻¹ compared with standard farm practice.  相似文献   

Physical and sensory properties of dairy products from cows with various milk fatty acid compositions   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Chen S  Bobe G  Zimmerman S  Hammond EG  Luhman CM  Boylston TD  Freeman AE  Beitz DC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(11):3422-3428

Dairy products from milk of cows fed diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids have a more health-promoting fatty acid composition and are softer but often have oxidized flavors. Dairy products made from cow's milk that has more- or less-unsaturated fatty acid compositions were tested for differences in texture and flavor from those made from bulk-tank milk. The milk was manufactured into butter, vanilla ice cream, yogurt, Provolone cheese, and Cheddar cheese. The products were analyzed for fatty acid composition, physical properties, and flavor. Milk of cows with a more monounsaturated fatty acid composition yielded products with a more monounsaturated fatty acid composition that were softer and had a satisfactory flavor. Thus, selection of cows for milk fatty acid composition can be used to produce dairy products that are probably more healthful and have a softer texture.  相似文献   

Developing Strategies for Spatially Variable Nitrogen Application in Cereals, Part II: Wheat     

J. P. Welsh  G. A. Wood  R. J. Godwin  J. C. Taylor  R. Earl  S. Blackmore  S. M. Knight 《Biosystems Engineering》2003,84(4):495-511

For precision agriculture to provide both economic and environmental benefits over conventional farm practice, management strategies must be developed to accommodate the spatial variability in crop performance that occurs within fields. Experiments were established in crops of wheat (Triticum aestivum) over three seasons in two fields. The aim was to evaluate a set of variable rate nitrogen strategies and examining the spatial variation in crop response to applied N. The optimum N application rate in the field with three different soil series (predominantly calcareous silty clay loam over oolitic limestone) was uniform across the field. In contrast the other field with uniform soil type (slightly calcareous brown clay loam), provided a more variable response. Estimates of yield potential, produced from either historic yield data or shoot density maps derived from airborne digital photographic images, were used to divide experimental strips into management zones. These zones were then managed according to two N application strategies. The results from the historic yield approach, which is currently the most practical commercial system, based on 3 yr of yield data, were variable with no overall yield or economic advantages. It was concluded that that this approach may not provide a suitable basis for varying N rates. The shoot density approach, however, offered considerably greater potential as it takes account of variation in the current crop. Using this approach, it was found that there was insufficient variation in the shoot density in the field with diverse soil types. However, in the field with the uniform soil type, applying additional N to areas with a low shoot population and maintaining the standard N rate to areas with an average shoot population resulted in an average strategy benefit of up to 0·46 t ha⁻¹ compared with standard farm practice. It is necessary to combine the ‘real-time’ data on relative crop structure, obtained by remote sensing with ground truth assessments and absolute benchmark values to successfully adjust N input levels to maximise yield.  相似文献   

Soil Factors and their Influence on Within-field Crop Variability, Part II: Spatial Analysis and Determination of Management Zones     

J. C. Taylor  G. A. Wood  R. Earl  R. J. Godwin 《Biosystems Engineering》2003,84(4):441-453

Spatial variation of crop yields was examined in three trial cereal fields in England from 1994 through 1997. The fields were managed with uniform inputs but there were considerable differences in the spatial patterns and magnitudes of variation between fields and seasons. Up to 50% of the yield variation was within the tramline spacing distance (20–24 m) and this appeared to relate to crop management practices rather than underlying soil factors. Longer-range variation generally increased up to field scale but was not constant between seasons. Longer-range variation was more apparent in dry years and was attributable to soil variation. Soil series differences coincided with yield differences in dry years when the soil series differences could be expected to create large differences in soil–water relationships. Soil electrical conductivity, measured by electromagnetic induction (EMI), was investigated as a surrogate for detailed soil coring. Field zones created by EMI also coincided with yield differences and zones were similar to those delineated by soil series with expected differences in soil–water relationships. The EMI observations were found to be a useful and cost-effective surrogate for representing soil variability in fields likely to create yield variations. Subdivision of fields into management zones using multi-variate K-means cluster analysis of historical yield and EMI observations formed an objective basis for targeting soil samples for nutrient analysis and development of site-specific application strategies. The appropriateness of site-specific management has to be assessed annually because magnitude and pattern of variation changes from season to season.  相似文献   

Development of the components of a cytoplasmic male sterility hybrid system in rye through anther culture     

Earl H. Bicar  Norman L. Darvey 《Euphytica》1997,97(2):151-160

Anther culture was applied as a method to develop the essential components of a cytoplasmic male sterility hybrid system in rye (Secale cereale L.). These components are the male sterile seed parent (A line), its isogenic maintainer counterpart (B line) and the restorer pollen parent (R line). Australian rye cultivars were crossed reciprocally to the cultivar ‘Luchs’ which carries the Pampa male sterile cytoplasm (cms-P). Anthers of the F1s in the cms-P cytoplasm (primary cross) and their reciprocals in the normal cytoplasm (reciprocal cross) were cultured in a modified C17 medium. Male sterile and male fertile doubled haploids were obtained from the anther culture of the F1s in the cms-P cytoplasm. Testcrosses indicated that the male sterile doubled haploids were A lines and the male fertile doubled haploids were R lines (restorers). The anther culture of genotypes in the normal cytoplasm (reciprocal cross) gave all male fertile doubled haploids. Testcrosses indicated that the male fertile doubled haploids were R lines (restorers) in the normal cytoplasm. The expected maintainer B lines were not identified because of the limited number of doubled haploids obtained from the anther culture of reciprocal crosses. Experimental single cross hybrids between male sterile and restorer male fertile doubled haploids showed high levels of heterosis. The results of this study have significant economic implications especially in the production of hybrids in several species. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献