PNEUMATOSIS COLI IN A DOG     

Earl L.  Morris  DVM  MS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1992,33(3):154-157

The extensive presence of air in the submucosal area of the colon was observed on abdominal radiographs of a one-year-old female Maltese. The diagnosis of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (pneumatosis coli when localized to the colon) is made when radiographs demonstrate submucosal or subserosal gas accumulation of the intestinal tract. The condition usually resolves spontaneously, but the potential for complications is present.  相似文献   

T-lymphocyte priming and protection against Friend leukemia by vaccinia-retrovirus env gene recombinant   总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25  

P L Earl  B Moss  R P Morrison  K Wehrly  J Nishio  B Chesebro 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,234(4777):728-731

The current prevalence of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome in humans has provoked renewed interest in methods of protective immunization against retrovirus-induced diseases. In this study, a vaccinia-retrovirus recombinant vector was constructed to study mechanisms of immune protection against Friend virus leukemia in mice. The envelope (env) gene from Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV) was inserted into the genome of a vaccinia virus expression vector. Infected cells synthesized gp85, the glycosylated primary product of the env gene. Processing to gp70 and p15E, and cell surface localization, were similar to that occurring in cells infected with F-MuLV. Mice inoculated with live recombinant vaccinia virus had an envelope-specific T-cell proliferative response and, after challenge with Friend virus complex, developed neutralizing antibody and cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and were protected against leukemia. In contrast, unimmunized and control groups developed a delayed neutralizing antibody response, but no detectable CTL, and succumbed to leukemia. Genes of the major histocompatibility complex influenced protection induced by the vaccinia recombinant but not that induced by attenuated N-tropic Friend virus.  相似文献   

Control of a mucosal challenge and prevention of AIDS by a multiprotein DNA/MVA vaccine     

Amara RR  Villinger F  Altman JD  Lydy SL  O'Neil SP  Staprans SI  Montefiori DC  Xu Y  Herndon JG  Wyatt LS  Candido MA  Kozyr NL  Earl PL  Smith JM  Ma HL  Grimm BD  Hulsey ML  Miller J  McClure HM  McNicholl JM  Moss B  Robinson HL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,292(5514):69-74

Heterologous prime/boost regimens have the potential for raising high levels of immune responses. Here we report that DNA priming followed by a recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (rMVA) booster controlled a highly pathogenic immunodeficiency virus challenge in a rhesus macaque model. Both the DNA and rMVA components of the vaccine expressed multiple immunodeficiency virus proteins. Two DNA inoculations at 0 and 8 weeks and a single rMVA booster at 24 weeks effectively controlled an intrarectal challenge administered 7 months after the booster. These findings provide hope that a relatively simple multiprotein DNA/MVA vaccine can help to control the acquired immune deficiency syndrome epidemic.  相似文献   

The giant squid Architeuthis: An emblematic invertebrate that can represent concern for the conservation of marine biodiversity     

Ángel Guerra  Ángel F. González  Santiago Pascual  Earl G. Dawe 《Biological conservation》2011,(7):1989-1997

The current public perception is that there is little reason for concern for the conservation of marine invertebrates, in part due to the scarcity of emblematic species to represent that diverse group. This paper shows that giant squid can be considered an emblematic species to represent concern for the conservation of marine invertebrate biodiversity because it satisfies all the requirements of an emblematic species. It shows that Architeuthis attracts public interest and attention and can serve as an indicator of oceanographic conditions and ocean climate change. It asserts that Architeuthis can represent concerns for vulnerable marine ecosystems associated with submarine canyons and that it belongs to a broad diverse phylogenetic group of organisms associated with these canyons, sharing common concerns with that group with respect to vulnerability and conservation. This study also advocates that the giant squid can serve as an indicator of effects of ecosystem stress resulting from anthropogenic effects including ocean acidification and warming. It is also shown to be vulnerable to such anthropogenic effects as fishing, acoustic seismic exploration and, possibly, pollutants.  相似文献   

RAPID STAINING OF PLANT TISSUES IN THE BUTYL ALCOHOL PROCEDURE     

Earl RO 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1930,72(1874):562

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Mariculture potential of the spot prawn, Pandalus platyceros Brandt     

Randolph O. Kelly  Arthur W. Haseltine  Earl E. Ebert 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1977,10(1):1-16

Biological characteristics and culture methods were investigated for the spot prawn, Pandalus platyceros Brandt. Ovigerous adults were caught in the local fishery; six of these produced 2 628 to 4 669 larvae. The larval period ranged from 26 to 35 days (9.5–12.0°C). Maximum larval survival was about 70%, with mortalities being most frequent during ecdysis. The relation of wet weight (g) to carapace length (mm) for the first 26 months was calculated as log W = ?3.0843 + 2.9308 log L. Prawns showed good survival between 9.5 and 21.0°C. Mortality increased sharply when temperatures exceeded 21.0°C. Salinities below 22‰ resulted in a sharp increase in mortality.A diet of brine shrimp nauplii sufficed for newly hatched larvae. Growth was enhanced when larvae were fed a unicellular algal supplement (Phaeodactylum tricornutum), although mortality was somewhat higher. Larvae progressed rapidly to foraging on larger brine shrimp and diced foods. Six-month-old spot prawns raised on a squid diet averaged 3.4 g, and at 1 year the mean weight was 6.3 g. A feeding experiment, incorporating 12 diets, disclosed that highest growth rates and best food conversion ratios were achieved on a combined California seamussel and giant red sea urchin diet. However, the best growth rate achieved was considered marginal for mariculture.It was concluded that unless the growth rate could be accelerated by other food formulations or culture techniques, a monoculture system for mass cultivation would not be feasible. The spot prawn may have potential in a polyculture system.  相似文献   

Group 1 and 2 Dermatophagoides house dust mite allergens in the microenvironment of cats     

Klaus Earl Loft  Edmund J. Rosser Jr 《Veterinary dermatology》2010,21(2):152-158

House dust mite allergens (HDMAs) are some of the most common allergens associated with allergic diseases in humans and dogs. The purpose of this study was to determine whether HDMAs could be detected in cat‐associated household microenvironments. From 50 cat‐only households with 95 cats, dust samples were collected by vacuuming for 2 min m^?2 from three areas where cats slept or rested regularly from September to October 2006. Relative humidity and temperature were measured in each household using a data logger. Each owner completed a questionnaire on potential factors that might influence the prevalence of house dust mites (HDMs). Dust samples were analysed utilizing an ELISA for Der p 1, Der f 1 and HDM group 2 allergens. In 38 of 50 households there was greater than 2 μg g^?1 of dust for at least one HDMA. Using stepwise logistic regression, factors associated with increased HDMA levels included: free‐standing houses, number of humans in household, longhaired cats and age of the cat. Factors associated with decreased HDMA concentrations included: forced air heating and central air conditioning, less than 50% carpeting of the home, use of flea control, cats suffering from dermatological disease and the average temperature of the household. Many sleeping/resting areas utilized by cats contain sufficiently high levels of HDMAs to be potential sources of sensitization. This finding should lead to further determination of the role of HDMs in cats suffering from putative allergic conditions such as atopic dermatitis or asthma.  相似文献   

Top-down versus bottom-up control of attention in the prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices     

Buschman TJ  Miller EK 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5820):1860-1862

Attention can be focused volitionally by "top-down" signals derived from task demands and automatically by "bottom-up" signals from salient stimuli. The frontal and parietal cortices are involved, but their neural activity has not been directly compared. Therefore, we recorded from them simultaneously in monkeys. Prefrontal neurons reflected the target location first during top-down attention, whereas parietal neurons signaled it earlier during bottom-up attention. Synchrony between frontal and parietal areas was stronger in lower frequencies during top-down attention and in higher frequencies during bottom-up attention. This result indicates that top-down and bottom-up signals arise from the frontal and sensory cortex, respectively, and different modes of attention may emphasize synchrony at different frequencies.  相似文献   

Production of Textile Fibers from Zein and a Soy Protein-Zein Blend     

Menglin Zhang  Cheryll A. Reitmeier  Earl G. Hammond  Deland J. Myers 《Cereal Chemistry》1997,74(5):594-598

Zein fibers were successfully prepared by a wet-spinning technique from a zein suspension formulated with 15% zein, 60% water, 22% 0.4N sodium hydroxide, and 3% urea by weight. Tenacities were measured with an Instron machine, and flexibility was determined by noting the smallest diameter rod around which a fiber could be looped without breaking. After spinning, the tenacity of the zein fibers was improved by modification with several agents: acetic anhydride for acetylation, glutaraldehyde, and dialcohols for cross-linking and physical stretching. The tenacity and flexibility of the fibers were measured at 11, 65, and 100% rh. Untreated fibers had tenacities of 3.41, 2.65, and 0.17 g/tex at 11, 65, and 100% rh, respectively. A combination of chemical treatments (20% glutaraldehyde and 95% acetic anhydride) and 115% stretching increased tenacities to 6.89. 6.56, and 1.17 g/tex at 11, 65, and 100% rh, respectively. Control zein fibers had flexibilities of 5 and 2.5 mm at 11 and 65% rh, respectively, whereas the treated fibers had flexibilities of 1.5 mm at both humidities. Extrusion of zein fibers was not successful. Zein-soy protein mixture could be extruded, but properties of wet-spun fibers of zein-soy blends were not much improved over those of soy protein alone. The tenacity of blended soy protein-zein fibers was greater than that of soy protein fibers at 11% rh.  相似文献   

Temperature influences on growth of unfished juvenile Northern cod (Gadus morhua) during stock collapse     

Darrell R. J. Mullowney  George A. Rose  Earl G. Dawe  Sherrylynn Rowe  Gary L. Maillet  Eric J. Pedersen 《Fisheries Oceanography》2019,28(5):612-627

This study examined growth of unfished juvenile Northern cod (Gadus morhua) off Newfoundland concomitant with stock collapse in the cold early 1990s. Two unpublished data sets were examined, one from collapse‐period trapping sites along the northeast coast of Newfoundland and one from a post‐collapse inshore trawl survey. Cumulative surface and bottom temperatures were significant predictors of growth rates of the young fish with year‐classes born during collapse experiencing slower growth than those born during subsequent warming. Relationships between accrued temperature and growth were consistent across periods, with slow growth of collapse‐period fish reflecting slower accumulation of temperature‐at‐age. Temperature influences were spatially broad‐based with no significant differences in growth rates for fish captured along the entire northeast coast of Newfoundland. Predicted differences in growth rates for collapse versus recovery year‐classes were proportional to cumulative surface temperatures but not cumulative bottom temperatures. Although significant, temperature effects on growth were relatively unimportant at youngest ages. Overall, growth differences between periods were small but large differences occurred between slowest and fastest growing year‐classes. The results suggest initial responses to increasing temperatures were delayed following collapse. We conclude that although temperature was an important determinant of dampened productivity that it alone cannot account for the collapse and slow recovery of the stock. This is the first known study to directly quantitatively link temperature impacts to an unfished component of the Northern cod stock complex during collapse, removing need for implicit assumptions about whether or not cold conditions contributed to the collapse of this iconic fish stock.  相似文献