盐碱土秸秆添加量对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长特性的影响     

时佳琦  萨如拉  令玉  萨茹拉其其格  范富  张雪婷 《中国农学通报》2021,37(36):13-18

探索盐碱土中添加最佳玉米秸秆量,以‘农华101’玉米种子、收获期玉米秸秆和通辽地区典型的盐碱土为材料,用盐碱土:蒸馏水(1:5)的土壤浸出液制备0、30、40、50、60 g/L秸秆粉培养液,作为5个处理,水培玉米种子;培养期间测定培养液pH、电导率、微生物数量及玉米幼苗根系内生菌数量,统计种子发芽率,4叶期测定幼苗农艺性状及其叶片和根系生理特性指标。结果表明：盐碱土添加玉米秸秆降低pH,降低玉米种子发芽率,但极显著增加幼苗根长、根数和株高;其中40 g/L处理对根长、根数的增加幅度最大,0 g/L处理2叶期死亡。添加秸秆极显著增加盐碱土细菌数量,除了30 g/L处理,其余处理极显著增加真菌和放线菌数量。根内生真菌和放线菌各处理无显著差异,30 g/L与40 g/L根内生细菌数显著大于50 g/L与60 g/L处理。40 g/L处理叶片POD活性极显著大于50、60 g/L处理,分别是它们的2.22倍和3.15倍;叶片MDA含量排序为60 g/L>50 g/L>30 g/L>40 g/L,处理间差异极显著;叶片SOD活性和根系活力为40 g/L>50 g/L>60 g/L>30 g/L,处理间差异极显著;根系MDA含量排序为60 g/L>30 g/L>50 g/L>40 g/L,处理间差异极显著;各处理根系POD活性规律与根系活力一致。盐碱土添加玉米秸秆可增加玉米幼苗抗盐碱胁迫能力,其中40 g/L处理最为显著。  相似文献   

额济纳胡杨林土壤含水量时空变化的研究   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

萨如拉  豪树奇  张秋良  伊力塔 《林业资源管理》2006,(1):59-62

使用管状土壤水分仪,对额济纳胡杨林、沙枣林、柽柳林以及其它不同样地的土壤含水量时空变化进行了调查研究。结果表明,大部分样地有大约20CM的干沙层,使表层土壤含水量最低;土壤剖面的30~150CM土层内,随土壤深度的增加,土壤含水量逐渐增大;沙枣林和柽柳林的土壤含水量明显高于胡杨林土壤含水量;土壤质地的变化和三种林型耗水量的差异是土壤含水量高低变化的原因;2004年5月份的土壤含水量明显高于2003年7月份的土壤含水量。  相似文献   

Hydroxytyrosol-rich olive mill wastewater extract protects brain cells in vitro and ex vivo     

Schaffer S  Podstawa M  Visioli F  Bogani P  Müller WE  Eckert GP 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(13):5043-5049

Elevated oxidative and nitrosative stress both impair the integrity and functioning of brain tissue, especially in aging. As long-term intake of plant foods rich in antioxidant phenolics, such as extra virgin olive oil, positively modulates surrogate markers of many human pathological alterations, the interest in cheap and abundant sources of such phenolics is rapidly growing. Olive mill wastewater is particularly rich in hydroxytyrosol, an o-diphenol with powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic activities. Due to the deleterious effect of oxidative stress on brain cell survival, the efficacy of a hydroxytyrosol-rich extract to attenuate Fe2+- and nitric oxide (NO)-induced cytotoxicity in murine-dissociated brain cells was investigated. The addition of either Fe2+ or SNP (an NO donor) caused both a severe loss of cellular ATP and a markedly depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential. Preincubation with hydroxytyrosol significantly attenuated the cytotoxic effect of both stressors, although with different efficiencies. Mice feeding studies were performed to assess the brain bioactivity of hydroxytyrosol ex vivo. Subchronic, but not acute, administration of 100 mg of hydroxytyrosol per kilogram body weight for 12 days enhanced resistance of dissociated brain cells to oxidative stress, as shown by reduced basal and stress-induced lipid peroxidation. Also, basal mitochondrial membrane potential was moderately hyperpolarized (P < 0.05), an effect suggestive of cytoprotection. In synthesis, the ex vivo data provide the first evidence of neuroprotective effects of oral hydroxytyrosol intake. Keywords: Hydroxytyrosol; olive mill wastewater; dissociated brain cells; oxidative stress; brain; Mediterranean diet.  相似文献   

The path forward for biofuels and biomaterials   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Ragauskas AJ  Williams CK  Davison BH  Britovsek G  Cairney J  Eckert CA  Frederick WJ  Hallett JP  Leak DJ  Liotta CL  Mielenz JR  Murphy R  Templer R  Tschaplinski T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5760):484-489

Biomass represents an abundant carbon-neutral renewable resource for the production of bioenergy and biomaterials, and its enhanced use would address several societal needs. Advances in genetics, biotechnology, process chemistry, and engineering are leading to a new manufacturing concept for converting renewable biomass to valuable fuels and products, generally referred to as the biorefinery. The integration of agroenergy crops and biorefinery manufacturing technologies offers the potential for the development of sustainable biopower and biomaterials that will lead to a new manufacturing paradigm.  相似文献   

基于时域和频域的层积材强度检测系统     

赵索菲  撒潮  杨娜  李婷婷 《北京林业大学学报》2012,34(3):116-119

为对层积材强度进行无损在线检测,设计了一种基于时域和频域分析法的层积材强度检测系统,并阐述了该系统的检测原理、系统构成和软件实现。该系统采用研华开发的PCI-1710HG采集卡进行数据采集,以工控机为数据处理核心,通过提取振动信号对数衰减率和试件各阶固有频率实现层积材强度的检测。最后通过验证实验证明,该系统设计是可行的。   相似文献   

Cefquinome Concentrations in Endometrium after Intrauterine Treatment of Cobactan 4.5%^® in Mares and Inflammatory Response of the Endometrium to this Treatment     

JM Parlevliet  DL Paccamonti  SA Barker 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(2):189-193

This study was conducted to measure the concentration of cefquinome in the endometrium of mares after intrauterine treatment and to evaluate associated inflammation. Mares (n = 14) were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: (i) control (n = 4) were either not treated (n = 2) or received (n = 2) lactated Ringer's intrauterine for 1 or 3 days; (ii) treated mares (n = 10) received intrauterine cefquinome for 1 or 3 days. After at least 10 days had passed following the last treatment and ovulation, mares were given Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and were randomly assigned to an alternate treatment. Endometrial biopsy samples were taken at 2, 8, 24 and 48 h, or at 4, 12 and 36 h, after the last treatment. Biopsy samples were taken at the same time points from control mares (n = 2) and lactated Ringer-treated mares (n = 2). Cefquinome concentrations were quantified using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay and inflammation was assessed using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections. Concentrations of cefquinome [559 (1 day) and 595 μg/g (3 days) at 2 h, and 403 (1 day) and 370 μg/g (3 days) at 4 h] were similar between treatment groups at 2 and 4 h after treatment (p > 0.05). At 8 h, as well as at 24 and 48 h, concentrations were greater in the 3-day group (17 vs 301 μg/g, 3 vs 80 μg/g and 0.1 vs 0.2 μg/g, respectively) (p < 0.05). No significant differences (p > 0.05) in the inflammatory response at 2–48 h after treatment were found between groups.  相似文献   

Comparison of acetate tape impression with squeezing versus skin scraping for the diagnosis of canine demodicosis     

AV Pereira  SA Pereira  IDF Gremião  MP Campos  AMR Ferreira 《Australian veterinary journal》2012,90(11):448-450

This study compared the sensitivity of acetate tape impression and skin squeezing with that of deep skin scraping for the diagnosis of demodicosis in dogs. Demodex canis was detected in 100% of acetate tape impressions obtained after skin squeezing and in 90% of deep skin scrapings. There was a significant difference (P < 0.001) between the techniques in the total number of mites detected. Acetate tape impression with skin squeezing was found to be more sensitive than deep skin scraping and is an alternative diagnostic method for canine demodicosis.  相似文献   

Sensitivity of Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum to Postharvest Citrus Fungicides in California     

Holmes GJ  Eckert JW 《Phytopathology》1999,89(9):716-721

ABSTRACT Penicillium digitatum isolates (326), collected in California citrus groves and packinghouses, were assayed qualitatively for their sensitivity to imazalil, thiabendazole, and o-phenylphenol. Eighteen typical triple-resistant isolates, acquired in each of 3 years (1988, 1990, and 1994), were assayed quantitatively for their sensitivity to each of the three fungicides. No significant differences were found in the mean sensitivity of the isolates collected in different years. However, the proportion of isolates that were resistant to all three fungicides increased from 43% in 1988 to 77% in 1990 and 74% in 1994. Imazalil-resistant biotypes of P. digitatum were isolated frequently in California packinghouses, while resistant P. italicum was rare. No fungicide-resistant biotypes of either species were collected from citrus groves. Wild-type P. italicum was slightly less sensitive than wild-type P. digitatum to all three fungicides. The concentration of imazalil producing 50% growth inhibition (EC(50)) was three times greater when the age of the P. digitatum assay inoculum was increased from 12 to 24 h. Activity of imazalil increased with pH of the assay medium in the range pH 5.1 to 5.9, reflecting the greater concentration of dissociated imazalil at the higher pH value.  相似文献   

The frequency and geographic distribution of Giardia infections in ruminants in Switzerland     

V Taminelli  J Eckert 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》1989,131(5):251-258

In various districts (Cantons) of Switzerland 815 calves (a few days up to 6 months old), 382 lambs and 20 young goats (both groups 1-6 months old) were selected randomly for a single coprological examination (flotation method) for Giardia infection. In average 26.6% of the calves, 29.8% of the lambs and 4 of 20 young goats excreted Giardia cysts. In 9 Cantons the percentages of cyst excretors among the calves varied between 15 and 32, but these differences were not significant. Further there were no significant differences in the frequency of cyst excretion between calves of 3 different breeds and 2 age groups (up to 3 months old and 3 to 6 months). The intensity of cyst excretion was high and varied in random samples between 4.1 x 10(3) and 3.0 x 10(5) cysts per g of faeces in calves and between 2.2 x 10(3) and 1.6 x 10(5) in lambs. In 5 of 7 farms where calves and lambs were maintained simultaneously both animal species were Giardia infected. As expected, trophozoites of Giardia isolates from calves and lambs belonged to the Giardia duodenalis type and could not be differentiated on a morphological basis. Giardia cysts from calves (average measurements: 13.7 x 9.1 microns) and lambs (13.8 x 9.2 microns) were indistinguishable both morphologically and morphometrically. The results indicate that Giardia infections are frequent and geographically widely distributed in calves and lambs in Switzerland.  相似文献   

Occurrence of cryptosporidia in calves in Switzerland     

S K Spillmann  J Eckert  W Merk  R Frey 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》1986,128(3):111-118

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