Trypanosomosis and phenotypic features of four indigenous cattle breeds in an Ethiopian field study     

Stein J  Ayalew W  Rege E  Mulatu W  Lemecha H  Tadesse Y  Tekle T  Philipsson J 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,178(1-2):40-47

We conducted a two-part study in the native home areas of four cattle breeds, Abigar, Gurage, Horro and Sheko, in south-western Ethiopia. The first part of the study investigated livestock keeper knowledge about trypanosomosis and trypanotolerance. For each breed 60 livestock keepers were interviewed, resulting in a total of 240 interviews. The second part of the study focused on biological evidence for trypanotolerance. Blood samples of about 100 head of cattle per breed were collected during peak trypanosomosis challenge period and analyzed for packed cell volume (PCV) and parasitaemia. In addition individual body measurements of the sampled animals were taken and the keepers provided some information regarding their animals. Livestock keeper interviews revealed that trypanosomosis was considered a major problem in all areas (95-100%). Almost all Abigar livestock keepers knew how trypanosomosis is transmitted, whereas only 34-52% of the keepers of the other breeds had that knowledge. Most Sheko keepers (75%) knew of trypanotolerance and claimed to have trypanotolerant animals in their own herds. Among the other three breeds the knowledge of trypanotolerance was much less (8-18%). A majority of the keepers were interested in purchasing trypanotolerant animals. PCV was highest among Horro (26.2) and Sheko (25.1) cattle whereas Abigar had the lowest PCV (20.0). Sheko were least infected by trypanosomes (6%) and had the lowest number of trypanocidal treatments per year (1 treatment/animal and year). Abigar cattle were most infected (23%) followed by Gurage (20%) and Horro (17%). Gurage had by far the highest number of treatments per animal and year (24). There were large differences between the number of cattle perceived by the keepers to be infected, and the number detected from blood sampled, among Abigar, Gurage and Horro. Sheko livestock keepers were better at correctly diagnosing trypanosomosis in their animals. It is concluded that Sheko cattle have higher trypanotolerance attributes of the breeds investigated and a better use of this breed could improve cattle health and household welfare in tsetse-infested areas.  相似文献   

Oceanography. Oceanic salt switch     

Boyle E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5599):1724-1725

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Early allelic selection in maize as revealed by ancient DNA     

Jaenicke-Després V  Buckler ES  Smith BD  Gilbert MT  Cooper A  Doebley J  Pääbo S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5648):1206-1208

Maize was domesticated from teosinte, a wild grass, by approximately 6300 years ago in Mexico. After initial domestication, early farmers continued to select for advantageous morphological and biochemical traits in this important crop. However, the timing and sequence of character selection are, thus far, known only for morphological features discernible in corn cobs. We have analyzed three genes involved in the control of plant architecture, storage protein synthesis, and starch production from archaeological maize samples from Mexico and the southwestern United States. The results reveal that the alleles typical of contemporary maize were present in Mexican maize by 4400 years ago. However, as recently as 2000 years ago, allelic selection at one of the genes may not yet have been complete.  相似文献   

河湖底泥对农田土壤性状及DTPA态重金属的影响     

赵汝东  胡义镰  Ed Barrett-Lennar  Neil Coles  姜灿烂  吴嘉平 《农业环境科学学报》2015,34(1):97-102

选取我国南方平原区有作物生长障碍的典型旱地和水田,采集土壤样品进行分析,诊断作物生长障碍因子。结果显示,施用底泥的水田和旱地土壤p H值均显著下降,而有效硫、电导率以及土壤DTPA态重金属(Ni、Zn、As、Cr、Co、Cu、Hg和Sn)均显著升高:土壤p H最低值为3.63,有效硫最高值达1 667.74 mg·kg-1,电导率为2 216.67μS·cm-1。分析表明,施用底泥引起的土壤酸化和部分DTPA态重金属(特别是Ni、Zn、As和Cr)含量的升高是影响作物生长的主要因素,底泥中的盐分对其也可能有一定影响。因此,河湖库底泥农用前须进行分析和风险评估。  相似文献   

Transport versus on-farm slaughter of bison: Physiological stress,animal welfare,and avoidable trim losses     

Robert McCorkell  Katherine Wynne-Edwards  Jayson Galbraith  Al Schaefer  Nigel Caulkett  Soren Boysen  Ed Pajor  The UCVM Class of 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2013,54(8):769-774

Ranched bison are typically less acclimated to handling than are domesticated livestock, suggesting that they might be more vulnerable to handling and transportation stressors. Grain-finished bison were slaughtered on-farm (n = 11), or held for 48 h, transported to a research abattoir, held in lairage for 18 h, and then slaughtered (n = 11). An additional group (n = 10) was sampled at a conventional fixed location abattoir. Measures included serum cortisol and corticosterone concentrations during on-farm handling and exsanguination, serum glucose, creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and trim losses. Transport was associated with an increase in trim loss. On-farm, glucose was elevated, CPK was positively associated with handling order over 12 h, and corticosterone concentration, although lower than cortisol concentration, showed a greater response to prolonged disturbance. With appropriate on-farm handling facilities, the use of on-farm slaughter and mobile abattoir could avoid muscle damage and trim losses, and mitigate injuries sustained during handling and transport of bison.  相似文献   

Tensile Comparison of Polydioxanone,Polyglyconate, and Barbed Glycolide‐Trimethylene Carbonate Suture in Canine Cadaveric Tensor Fascia Lata          下载免费PDF全文

Naomi Shimizu  John Tarlton  Ed Friend  Ivan Doran  Kevin Parsons 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2017,46(1):89-94

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Ex vivo Contact Mechanics and Three‐Dimensional Alignment of Normal Dog Elbows after Proximal Ulnar Rotational Osteotomy     

Laura C. Cuddy MVB  MS  Daniel D. Lewis DVM  Diplomate ACVS  Stanley E. Kim BVSc  MS  Diplomate ACVS  Bryan P. Conrad PhD  Scott A. Banks PhD  MaryBeth Horodyski Ed.D  ATC  LAT  FNATA  Noel Fitzpatrick DUniv  MVB  CertSAO  CertVR  Antonio Pozzi DMV  MS  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2012,41(8):905-914

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A comparative evaluation of the accusport VS. conventional assay methods for the determination of lactate in equine plasma     

D.B. Simmons BSc Hons  A.W. Stewart BSc  Hons  PhD  Charlie Stewart BVSc  P. Pedlef BSc Hons  MSc  Dip Ed  PhD  P. Roberts BSc Hons PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1999,19(6):402

Plasma lactate concentrations were studied in 17 (11 Standardbred and six Thoroughbred), healthy racehorses following a standardized exercise test on a high-speed treadmill. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein and placed into tubes containing lithium heparin at intervals throughout the test The blood was immediately centrifuged for 10 minutes at 3000 rpm and the plasma removed. Plasma lactate concentrations were measured using the Accusport and a commercial spectrophotometric method. Prepared lactate standards in the ranges 5 to 45 mmol. 1⁻¹ were also tested using these methods. Samples with lactate concentrations greater than 10 mmol. 1⁻¹ were diluted with double de-ionized water such that the estimated lactate concentration did not exceed 10 mmol. 1⁻¹. Accusport correlated highly with the wet chemistry method at concentrations less than 13 mmol. 1⁻¹ (r=0.983, P<0.001) for undiluted plasma and 20 mmol. 1⁻¹ (r=0.988, P <0.001) for prepared standards. Accusport underestimated lactate concentrations for plasma samples greater than 13 mmol. 1⁻¹ (r=0.313, P>0.05). Accusport continued to correlate significantly with the wet chemistry method, for prepared standards, at lactate concentrations greater than 20 mmol. 1⁻¹ (r=0.940, P<0.01), however the line of fit was significantly different from the line of unity indicating a lack of accuracy for the Accusport at lactate concentrations greater than 20 mmol. 1⁻¹. Diluted lactate samples correlated significantly with the wet chemistry method at the P<0.05 level (r=0.625), however the line of fit was significantly different from the line of unity at the P<0.1 level.  相似文献   

Silicon alleviates long-term copper toxicity and influences gene expression in Nicotiana tabacum     

Christopher Flora  Sushant Khandekar  Jennifer Boldt 《Journal of plant nutrition》2019,42(8):864-878

Silicon (Si) is beneficial for plant growth and aids in stress tolerance. In this study, the effects of Si on long-term copper (Cu) toxicity in the low Si accumulator Nicotiana tabacum were evaluated. Silicon supplementation alleviated growth inhibition in roots and shoots of N. tabacum exposed to Cu toxicity. Alleviation of Cu toxicity correlated with increased Si accumulation in roots and leaves, suggesting N. tabacum contains a stress-regulated mechanism for Si transport. Root Cu concentration decreased in Si-supplemented plants exposed to Cu toxicity. Interestingly, Copper Transporter 1 (COPT1) expression decreased in roots of Si-supplemented plants exposed to Cu toxicity, which may contribute to Cu uptake reduction. Decreases in ethylene (ET) biosynthetic gene expression were previously implicated in Si-mediated stress alleviation. In the present study, Si-mediated alleviation of Cu toxicity corresponded with increased ET biosynthetic gene expression.  相似文献   

Use of complementary veterinary medicine in the geriatric horse.     

Ed Boldt 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice》2002,18(3):631-6, ix

The use of complementary and alternative veterinary medicine continues to grow within the veterinary community. As more clients seek out complementary and alternative medicine for their own health care, they begin to seek out these forms of therapy for their animals. For the equine practitioner, this includes those clients with geriatric animals. It is hoped that this article provides some insight into what conditions may be helped with CVM (complementary veterinary medicine) and when an equine practitioner may want to consider CVM as a form of therapy for the geriatric horse.  相似文献