Genetic evidence for the demic diffusion of agriculture to India     

Cordaux R  Deepa E  Vishwanathan H  Stoneking M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5674):1125

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Genome-based PCR Primers for Specific and Sensitive Detection and Quantification of Xylella fastidiosa     

Marta Francis  Hong Lin  Juan Cabrera-La Rosa  Harshavardhan Doddapaneni  Edwin L. Civerolo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,115(2):203-213

Xylella fastidiosa is an important pathogen of many commercial crops. Detection of X. fastidiosa is difficult due to low concentrations of the bacteria in insects and asymptomatic plant tissue, and non-uniform distribution in infected plants. A dual purpose conventional PCR and quantitative PCR (TaqMan™) system was developed for the generic detection of X. fastidiosa strains. Primers HL5 and HL6, designed to amplify a unique region common to the sequenced genomes of four Xylella strains, amplified a 221 bp fragment from strains associated with Pierce’s disease of grapes, almond leaf scorch, and oleander leaf scorch disease and from DNA from an Xf strain associated with citrus variegated chlorosis. Standard curves were obtained using concentrations of Xylella ranging from 5 to 10⁵ cells per reaction in water and grape extracts and 10–10⁵ cells in insect DNA. Regression curves were similar, with correlation coefficients of r ² > 0.97. In quantitative PCR, C_t values ranged between 20 and 36 cycles for 5–10⁵ bacterial cells per reaction. No amplicons were obtained with several non-Xf bacterial strains tested including related plant pathogenic, grape endophytic bacteria and endosymbiotic bacteria isolated from glassy-winged sharpshooters. The method was evaluated for clinical diagnosis of Xf in grapes, almonds and insect vectors. The procedure described is reliable for detection of the pathogen with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity.  相似文献   

Avian defensins   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

van Dijk A  Veldhuizen EJ  Haagsman HP 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2008,124(1-2):1-18

Modulation of defensin expression may be one way to improve animal health and to reduce zoonotic diseases. Defensins are small, cationic, and amphipathic cysteine-rich antibiotic peptides found in plants, insects, mammals and birds. Whereas alpha- and theta-defensins appear to be absent in birds, several beta-defensins have been isolated from avian heterophils. In addition, beta-defensins were found to be constitutively or inducibly expressed at mucosal surfaces of the respiratory, intestinal and urogenital tracts. In this review the current knowledge of the defensin repertoire of birds, their tissue-specific expression, regulation and corresponding biological functions are described.  相似文献   

High‐dose strategies for managing phosphine‐resistant populations of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)     

Edwin Afful  Tesfaye M Tadesse  Manoj K Nayak  Thomas W Phillips 《Pest management science》2020,76(5):1683-1690

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Nutrient Concentrations of Catfish Feces and Practical Diets After Immersion in Water     

Paul B.  Brow Edwin H.  Robinson  Gunnar  Finne 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1989,20(4):245-249

A study was conducted to quantify changes in the proximate components of fish feces and feeds when immersed in water for varying time periods. Catfish feces, a floating catfish diet, and a sinking trout diet were immersed for 5, 10, 20, 40, or 80 minutes. Dry matter losses were noted for all samples after immersion in water. There was a disproportionate loss of crude protein, ash, and nitrogen free extract (NFE) from the catfish fecal samples, ash and ether extract from the floating catfish feed, and NFE from the sinking trout feed. The losses noted would change crude protein, ether extract, NFE, and energy digestion coefficients by less than 7%, but ash and crude fiber digestion coefficients could change by as much as 23 and 35%, respectively. The ash concentration of unimmersed catfish feces indicated that this component may be a reliable indicator of nutrient digestibility in catfish.  相似文献   

Foreword to the 21st WAAVP Conference     

Edwin Claerebout  Jozef Vercruysse 《Veterinary parasitology》2007

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Accuracy of Trans-abdominal Ultrasound Pregnancy Diagnosis in Sows using a Linear or Sector Probe     

D Maes  J Dewulf  C Vanderhaeghe  K Claerebout  A de Kruif 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2006,41(5):438-443

The assessment of an early and reliable pregnancy diagnosis in sows is very important for limiting the number of non-productive days in sow herds. The aim of the present study was to investigate the accuracy of trans-abdominal ultrasound detection for early pregnancy diagnosis in sows under field conditions. Particular attention was paid to the time when a reliable diagnosis can be made, and to possible differences between two commonly used types of scanners. In total, 202 sows from two herds were tested daily with scanners A (linear transducer of 5 MHz) and B (sector transducer of 3.5 MHz) from day 16 until 25 after insemination. Ninety-three percentage of the sows were pregnant 36 days after insemination. Using ultrasound, the first pregnancy could be detected already 18 days after insemination. The sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy were higher than 95% from day 24 (scanner A) or day 23 (scanner B) post-insemination onwards. The positive predictive values from day 19 onwards were consistently higher than 95% with both types of scanners, whereas the negative predictive values were consistently low for both scanners during the entire period. The sensitivity of testing tended to be slightly lower in sows with a litter size of <10 total born piglets, compared to sows with 10 or more piglets. In conclusion, pregnancy diagnosis in sows using trans-abdominal ultrasound testing can be assessed quickly and reliably under field conditions from day 23 of gestation onwards. Predictive values of positive test results were high in these herds, whereas those of negative test results were low. This implies that sows with a negative test result early in pregnancy should be retested later.  相似文献   

Ruminal thiaminase and tissue thiamine in cerebrocortical necrosis   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

E E Edwin  R Jackman 《The Veterinary record》1973,92(24):640-641

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Ruminant thiamine requirement in perspective     

E. E. Edwin  R. Jackman 《Veterinary research communications》1981,5(1):237-250

Thiaminases play an important role in the aetiology of CCN being responsible for the state of thiamine-deficiency which is an essential feature of the disease, evidence for which is presented here. These studies have led to a greater appreciation of the role of thiamine and thiaminases in ruminant nutrition especially as ruminal thiaminase activity is not confined to clinically affected animals but is of wider distribution. The importance of thiaminases in intensive beef production and the possibility of the need for thiamine supplementation in the form of a thiaminase resistant derivative is discussed.  相似文献   

Cuticle techniques in arthropods: T. A. Miller,Ed., Springer-Verlag,New York/Berlin, 1980. 410 pp., $59.00     

Edwin P. Marks 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1981,16(3):268-269

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