Control of Mycobacterium bovisinfection in two sika deer herds in Ireland     

Partridge T  Toolan D  Egan J  More S 《Irish veterinary journal》2008,61(1):27-32

In a number of countries, tuberculosis (due to infection with Mycobacterium bovis) is a significant health problem of captive deer. This paper describes outbreaks of bovine tuberculosis in sika deer (Cervus nippon) on two farms in Ireland and the methods used to control the disease. On Farm A, infection was first detected during 1993. The infection was eradicated using a programme of test and removal, in association with segregation of young animals. A second outbreak (also due to infection with M. bovis, but a different RFLP profile) was detected in 2002. In the latter outbreak, infection was particularly prevalent in two groups of young deer. M. bovis with the same RFLP profile was also isolated in a badger found dead on the farm. Control was achieved by test and removal in association with herd management changes. In Herd B, infection was first detected in 1995, and subsequently eradicated using test and removal alone. In Herd A, re-infection remains an ongoing risk. Control rather than eradication of infection may more realistic in the short-to medium-term.  相似文献   

Public health response to an imported case of canine melioidosis          下载免费PDF全文

C. W. Ryan  K. Bishop  D. D. Blaney  S. J. Britton  F. Cantone  C. Egan  M. G. Elrod  C. W. Frye  A. M. Maxted  G. Perkins 《Zoonoses and public health》2018,65(4):420-424

Melioidosis in humans presents variably as fulminant sepsis, pneumonia, skin infection and solid organ abscesses. It is caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, which in the United States is classified as a select agent, with “potential to pose a severe threat to both human and animal health, to plant health or to animal and plant products” (Federal Select Agent Program, http://www.selectagents.gov/ , accessed 22 September 2016). Burkholderia pseudomallei is found in soil and surface water in the tropics, especially South‐East Asia and northern Australia, where melioidosis is endemic. Human cases are rare in the United States and are usually associated with travel to endemic areas. Burkholderia pseudomallei can also infect animals. We describe a multijurisdictional public health response to a case of subclinical urinary B. pseudomallei infection in a dog that had been adopted into upstate New York from a shelter in Thailand. Investigation disclosed three human contacts with single, low‐risk exposures to the dog's urine at his residence, and 16 human contacts with possible exposure to his urine or culture isolates at a veterinary hospital. Contacts were offered various combinations of symptom/fever monitoring, baseline and repeat B. pseudomallei serologic testing, and antibiotic post‐exposure prophylaxis, depending on the nature of their exposure and their personal medical histories. The dog's owner accepted recommendations from public health authorities and veterinary clinicians for humane euthanasia. A number of animal rescue organizations actively facilitate adoptions into the United States of shelter dogs from South‐East Asia. This may result in importation of B. pseudomallei into almost any community, with implications for human and animal health.  相似文献   

Omacor Protects Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats Exposed to Continuous Light from Increased Risk to Malignant Cardiac Arrhythmias     

Tamara Egan Benova  Csilla Viczenczova  Barbara Szeiffova Bacova  Jitka Zurmanova  Vladimir Knezl  Katarina Andelova  Narcis Tribulova 《Marine drugs》2021,19(12)

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Understanding the life histories of amphidromous fish by integrating otolith‐derived growth reconstructions,post‐larval migrations and reproductive traits     

Eimear M.C. Egan  Michael J.H. Hickford  David R. Schiel 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(9):1391-1402

A Standardized Method for the Instrumental Determination of Cooked Spaghetti Firmness     

M. J. Sissons  L. M. Schlichting  N. Egan  W. A. Aarts  S. Harden  B. A. Marchylo 《Cereal Chemistry》2008,85(3):440-444

A standardized method to determine cooked spaghetti firmness was developed. The effects of process and instrument variables were investigated and optimized to provide reproducible results between laboratories and to enable discrimination among samples with similar firmness characteristics. Commercial spaghetti samples of varying thickness were chosen to artificially create a range in firmness, and used to investigate the effect of a wide range of variables on cooked spaghetti firmness including sample preparation, cooking procedure, postcooking treatment, sample presentation, and instrument settings. Cooked spaghetti firmness determined using a TA‐XT2i texture analyzer was significantly affected by optimum cook time, postcook cooling, rest time, and crosshead speed (P < 0.001), as well as strand length, spaghetti to cooking water ratio, number of strands cut, and strand position (P < 0.05). Although previous work showed a reasonable correlation between laboratories when using in‐house methods (r = 0.85), the correlation improved to r = 0.96 when using the standardized method to analyze 29 commercially produced spaghetti samples. The Spearman rank correlation increased from r_s = 0.81 to r_s = 0.95, prestandardization and poststandardization, indicating greater agreement between laboratories in sample ranking.  相似文献   

Sortase anchored proteins of Streptococcus uberis play major roles in the pathogenesis of bovine mastitis in dairy cattle     

James A. Leigh  Sharon A. Egan  Philip N. Ward  Terence R. Field    Tracey J. Coffey 《Veterinary research》2010,41(5)

Streptococcus uberis, strain 0140J, contains a single copy sortase A (srtA), encoding a transamidase capable of covalently anchoring specific proteins to peptidoglycan. Unlike the wild-type, an isogenic mutant carrying an inactivating ISS1 insertion within srtA was only able to infect the bovine mammary gland in a transient fashion. For the first 24 h post challenge, the srtA mutant colonised at a similar rate and number to the wild type strain, but unlike the wild type did not subsequently colonise in higher numbers. Similar levels of host cell infiltration were detected in response to infection with both strains, but only in those mammary quarters infected with the wild type strain were clinical signs of disease evident. Mutants that failed to express individual sortase substrate proteins (sub0135, sub0145, sub0207, sub0241, sub0826, sub0888, sub1095, sub1154, sub1370, and sub1730) were isolated and their virulence determined in the same challenge model. This revealed that mutants lacking sub0145, sub1095 and sub1154 were attenuated in cattle. These data demonstrate that a number of sortase anchored proteins each play a distinct, non-redundant and important role in pathogenesis of S. uberis infection within the lactating bovine mammary gland.  相似文献   

Biological control of fusarium seedling blight disease of wheat and barley     

Khan MR  Fischer S  Egan D  Doohan FM 《Phytopathology》2006,96(4):386-394

ABSTRACT Fusarium fungi, including F. culmorum, cause seedling blight, foot rot, and head blight diseases of cereals, resulting in yield loss. In a screen for potential disease control organisms and agents, Pseudomonas fluorescens strains MKB 100 and MKB 249, P. frederiksbergensis strain 202, Pseudomonas sp. strain MKB 158, and chitosan all significantly reduced the extent of both wheat coleoptile growth retardation and wheat and barley seedling blight caused by F. culmorum (by 53 to 91%). Trichodiene synthase is a Fusarium enzyme necessary for trichothecene mycotoxin biosynthesis; expression of the gene encoding this enzyme in wheat was 33% lower in stem base tissue coinoculated with Pseudomonas sp. strain MKB 158 and F. culmorum than in wheat treated with bacterial culture medium and F. culmorum. When wheat and barley were grown in soil amended with either chitosan, P. fluorescens strain MKB 249, Pseudomonas sp. strain MKB 158, or culture filtrates of these bacteria, the level of disease symptoms on F. culmorum-inoculated stem base tissue (at 12 days post- F. culmorum inoculation) was >/=31% less than the level on F. culmorum-inoculated plants grown in culture medium-amended soil. It seems likely that at least part of the biocontrol activity of these bacteria and chitosan may be due to the induction of systemic disease resistance in host plants. Also, in coinoculation studies, Pseudomonas sp. strain MKB 158 induced the expression of a wheat class III plant peroxidase gene (a pathogenesis-related gene).  相似文献   

Transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus from infected queens to kittens.     

T Wasmoen  S Armiger-Luhman  C Egan  V Hall  H J Chu  L Chavez  W Acree 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1992,35(1-2):83-93

This study demonstrates the transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) from infected queens to kittens in two separate litters. Queen 1 was infected by intravenous administration of FIV at 22 days prior to parturition. Two out of three kittens from the litter were found to be viremic at 10 weeks of age as detected by culture isolation and polymerase chain reaction detection of FIV DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes. The third kitten remained aviremic through 40 weeks of age. Queen 2 was infected by subcutaneous administration of FIV 2 days prior to parturition. This litter also had two out of three kittens infected with FIV; however, viremia was not detected in one of the kittens until 21 weeks of age. Culture isolation was found to be superior to polymerase chain reaction for the early detection of FIV, and viremia was found to precede seroconversion by up to 4 weeks. Although all infected kittens have remained healthy, depressed CD4:CD8 lymphocyte ratios suggest that clinical disease may develop. This study suggests that FIV infection in cats may be a useful model system for the study of HIV transmission from mothers to infants.  相似文献   

Autophagic fungal cell death is necessary for infection by the rice blast fungus   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Veneault-Fourrey C  Barooah M  Egan M  Wakley G  Talbot NJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5773):580-583

Rice blast is caused by the fungus Magnaporthe grisea, which elaborates specialized infection cells called appressoria to penetrate the tough outer cuticle of the rice plant Oryza sativa. We found that the formation of an appressorium required, sequentially, the completion of mitosis, nuclear migration, and death of the conidium (fungal spore) from which the infection originated. Genetic intervention during mitosis prevented both appressorium development and conidium death. Impairment of autophagy, by the targeted mutation of the MgATG8 gene, arrested conidial cell death but rendered the fungus nonpathogenic. Thus, the initiation of rice blast requires autophagic cell death of the conidium.  相似文献   

Prevalence and distribution of paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in cattle herds in Ireland     

Good M  Clegg T  Sheridan H  Yearsely D  O'Brien T  Egan J  Mullowney P 《Irish veterinary journal》2009,62(9):597-606

A simple random survey was conducted in Ireland during 2005 to estimate the ELISA-prevalence of paratuberculosis, commonly called Johne's disease (JD), in the cattle population. Serum samples were collected from all 20,322 females/breeding bulls over 12 months-of-age in 639 herds. All samples were tested using a commercially available absorbed ELISA. The overall prevalence of infected herds, based on the presence of at least one ELISA-positive animal, was 21.4% (95% CI 18.4%-24.9%). Herd prevalence levels amongst dairy herds (mean 31.5%; 95% CI: 24.6%, 39.3%) was higher than among beef herds (mean 17.9%; 95% CI: 14.6%-21.8%). However, the animal level prevalence was similar. The true prevalence among all animals tested, was calculated to be 2.86% (95%CI: 2.76, 2.97) and for animals >= 2 yrs, it was 3.30% (95%CI: 3.17, 3.43). For animals in beef herds, true prevalence was 3.09% (95%CI: 2.93, 3.24), and for those in dairy herds, 2.74% (95%CI: 2.59, 2.90). The majority of herds had only one ELISA-positive infected animal. Only 6.4% (95% CI 4.7%-8.7%) of all herds had more than one ELISA-positive infected animal; 13.3% (CI 8.7%-19.7%) of dairy herds ranging from two to eight ELISA-positive infected animals; and, 3.9% beef herds (CI 2.4%-6.2%) ranging from two to five ELISA-positive infected animals. The true prevalence of herds infected and shedding Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is estimated to be 9.5% for all herd types; 20.6% for dairy herds; and 7.6% for beef herds. If ELISA positive animals <2-years-of-age are excluded, the true herd prevalene reduces to: 9.3% for all herd types; 19.6% for dairy herds; and 6.3% for beef herds based on a test specificity (Sp) of 99.8% and test sensitivity (Se) (i.e., ability to detect culture-positive, infected animals shedding at any level) of 27.8-28.9%.  相似文献