Survey of captive parrot populations around Port Phillip Bay,Victoria, Australia,for psittacine beak and feather disease virus,avian polyomavirus and psittacine adenovirus          下载免费PDF全文

CL Hulbert  A Chamings  KA Hewson  PA Steer  M Gosbell  AH Noormohammadi 《Australian veterinary journal》2015,93(8):287-292

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Use of a rat model to evaluate tall fescue seed infected with introduced strains of Neotyphodium coenophialum     

Roberts CA  Spiers DE  Karr AL  Benedict HR  Sleper DA  Eichen PA  West CP  Piper EL  Rottinghaus GE 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(20):5742-5745

Experimental cultivars of the pasture grass tall fescue are infected with unique strains of the fungal endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum, which produce low concentrations of ergot alkaloids. A rat model was evaluated as a tool for rapid, initial screening of experimental cultivars considered to be nontoxic. Rats were fed diets that included seed from experimental cultivars of tall fescue with introduced strains of N. coenophialum and a toxic control diet containing seed of the cultivar Kentucky 31 (KY31), with its endemic strain of N. coenophialum. Rats were preconditioned to a nontoxic diet and then fed treatment diets for 13 days with 5 days at thermoneutrality (21 degrees C) followed by 8 days under heat stress (31 degrees C). For most of the 13-day treatment period, rats fed KY31 exhibited depressed daily intake compared to those fed diets of cultivars with introduced endophytes (P < 0.05). In addition, rats fed KY31 exhibited significantly less weight than rats on other diets after heat treatment was imposed. For all initial trials and repeated trials, total intake and total gain calculated at the end of each trial were the most consistent indicators of toxicity.  相似文献   

NUCLEATION,POLYMERIZATION, AND PRECIPITATION OF FeOOH1     

PA HO HSU 《European Journal of Soil Science》1972,23(4):409-419

Fresh Fe(ClO₄)₃ solutions, 0.01 M or 0.001 M in iron (III), were seeded with iron (III) hydroxide brown sols and the reaction processes were investigated. In two experiments, HC1O₄ was added to fresh Fe(ClO₄)₃ solutions to lower their degrees of super saturation with respect to iron (III) hydroxide. Depending upon the quantity of seeding solution added, it was found that samples differed greatly in appearance and in the stability during ageing. With a small amount of seeding solution added and following a relatively long induction period, the sample rapidly developed to a dense, cloudy yellow suspension with FeOOH precipitate settled shortly afterwards. With an increased amount of seeding solution added, the sample gradually became more brownish and less turbid and eventually a clear brown sol was observed. Although α-FeOOH was the major hydrolysed species in all samples, a yellow precipitate which settled under gravity was found only in those containing a small quantity of seeding solution. The above results provide experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis (Hsu and Ragone, 1972) that the initial number of nuclei relative to the concentration of mono-meric species is the key factor governing the appearance and the stability of an hydrolysed iron (III) solution. In another experiment, varying amounts of a seeding solution were added to a fresh, pure 0.001 M Fe(ClO₄)₃ solution to which no HC1O₄ was added. All samples rapidly hydrolysed to clear brown sols in less than 6 hours and no noticeable seeding effect was observed. It is suggested that a pure 0.001 M Fe(ClO₄)₃ solution is highly supersaturated with respect to iron (III) hydroxide and a large number of nuclei spontaneously form in situ shortly after preparation.  相似文献   

Lesions in sheep following administration of a vaccine of a Freund's complete adjuvant nature used in the control of ovine paratuberculosis     

PA Windsor  J Eppleston 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):237-241

CASE HISTORIES: Occurrences of adverse reactions in seven sheep flocks in Australia following vaccination against paratuberculosis where veterinary attention was requested are reviewed. All cases occurred within the 3-year period following commencement of use of a vaccine of a Freund's complete adjuvant nature, at a time when approximately six million doses of vaccine had been administered.

CLINICAL FINDINGS: In the first case, 26/58 (45%) Merino sheep vaccinated as adults had palpable tissue reactions at or near the site of vaccination; enlarged prescapular lymph nodes were palpated in 17 (29%), and nine (16%) sheep had both palpable lesions at the site of vaccination and enlarged prescapular lymph nodes. The reactions included caseous nodules up to 5.5 cm in diameter. In the other cases, fistulating or granulomatous wounds were occasionally found at the recommended site of injection behind the ear, and myiasis was rare. Occurrences of inappropriate choice of injection site were recorded, including injection into the axilla of two Merino rams, and lesions in the tissues of the maxilla and nose of almost 50% of 350 Border Leicester lambs. Four outbreaks of progressive paralysis due to injection into cervical musculature were reported, described as ‘OJD staggers’ by producers.

DIAGNOSIS: Granulomatous cellulitis and lymphadenitis associated with oil droplets typical of ‘oil granulomata’. Injection of vaccine into the dorsal cervical area resulted in progressive paralysis due to myonecrosis and suspected granulomatous leptomeningitis.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE AND CONCLUSIONS: Although lesions at and near the site of injection are common, adverse reactions to vaccination were rare and included mortality from cervical spinal injection, production losses from injection in the maxilla or axilla or if myiasis resulted, and potential marketing losses if animals or carcasses are discounted as a result of the lesions. Risk factors for adverse reactions included inadequate restraint of sheep, breed of sheep, experience of the operator, poor injection technique, and inappropriate placement of vaccine. Increasing attention to the proper restraint of animals, restricting vaccination to the recommended site behind the ear, careful placement of the vaccine into subcutaneous tissue to avoid drainage of vaccine material into tissues such as the spinal cord, and post-vaccination supervision to address welfare concerns should adverse reactions occur are recommended.  相似文献   

Neurological diseases of ruminant livestock in Australia. III: bacterial and protozoal infections     

AE Kessell  JW Finnie  PA Windsor 《Australian veterinary journal》2011,89(8):289-296

Bacteria (including chlamydia) and protozoa can produce neurological disease in Australian ruminant livestock and the nature of the inflammatory and neuroparenchymal response is often suggestive of a particular aetiological agent. An overview of the clinicopathological features of infectious disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS) is followed by a discussion of important bacterial and protozoal infections in Australia. Each infectious disease is discussed in terms of classification and pathogenesis linked to clinical signs and gross and microscopic findings. The literature review is restricted to infectious conditions causing CNS disease in Australia. Sources include the Australian Veterinary Journal (over 50 years of articles), the quarterly newsletter of the National Animal Health Surveillance System and the Animal Health Surveillance Quarterly.  相似文献   

Musculoskeletal disorders and psychosocial risk factors among veterinarians in Queensland, Australia   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

DR Smith  PA Leggat  R Speare 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(7):260-265

Objective   Although musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) represent one of the most important occupational health issues in contemporary society, few studies have specifically investigated this problem among veterinarians.
Design   An anonymous questionnaire survey mailed to all veterinarians registered with the Veterinary Surgeons Board of Queensland during 2006.
Results   Almost two-thirds of respondents (63%) had experienced MSD of the lower back, 57% had experienced neck-related MSD, 52% had experienced shoulder-related MSD and 34% had experienced MSD of the upper back during the previous 12 months. MSD was statistically correlated with a range of psychosocial factors, including stress associated with career structure, time pressures, client's attitude, lack of recognition by the public, lack of recognition by colleagues, lack of understanding from family or partners and work stress because of insufficient holidays each year.
Conclusion   Overall, this study has demonstrated significant correlations between MSD and psychosocial risk factors among a large cohort of veterinarians, apparently for the first time in the published literature. The results also suggest that personal and workplace issues may contribute more to the development of MSD among veterinarians than many of the previously recognised ergonomic risk factors.  相似文献   

Clinical review of two fatal equine cases of infection with the insectivorous bat strain of Australian bat lyssavirus     

EJ Annand  PA Reid 《Australian veterinary journal》2014,92(9):324-332

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Thermoregulatory response of dairy cows fed ergotized barley during summer heat stress.     

Hosam J Al-Tamimi  George E Rottinghaus  Donald E Spiers  Jim Spain  Darryl Chatman  Peggy A Eichen  Thomas L Carson 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2003,15(4):355-360

Claviceps purpurea infects the seed heads of cereal grains and grasses and produces ergopeptine alkaloids that cause hyperthermia and agalactia in cattle during periods of heat stress. A field experiment was undertaken to examine the effects of ergopeptine alkaloids found in barley on thermal status of dairy cattle during periods of heat stress. Production end points were also measured to identify the effect of the change in thermal status. Contaminated barley screenings containing known levels of ergopeptine alkaloids were fed to lactating Holstein cattle (10 microg total ergopeptine alkaloids/kg BW/day) for 10 days during summer heat stress. Air temperature increased 14.4 C during the first 8 days of treatment and then declined the same during the last 2 days. Extreme daily values for rectal temperature and respiration rate, using averages of all animals, showed maximum increases of 2.3 C and 56.8 breaths/minute, respectively, during this period. Group afternoon milk production decreased 2 kg/day during the heat stress period, with no measurable change in feed intake. A greater level of hyperthermia occurred in cattle consuming the diet with ergopeptine alkaloids, with only marginal symptoms of ergot toxicosis reflected in feed intake and milk production. Therefore, the ergopeptine alkaloid dose used in this study represents a level for minimal induction of the ergot toxicity response.  相似文献   

Whole-blood concentrations of glutathione in cattle exposed to heat stress or a combination of heat stress and endophyte-infected tall fescue toxins in controlled environmental conditions     

Lakritz J  Leonard MJ  Eichen PA  Rottinghaus GE  Johnson GC  Spiers DE 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(6):799-803

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether cattle exposed to heat stress alone or heat stress while consuming endophyte-infected fescue (EIF) have lower whole-blood (WB) concentrations of glutathione (GSH). ANIMALS: 10 Simmental cows. PROCEDURE: Cows were sequentially exposed to thermoneutral (TN; 2 weeks; 18 C, 50% relative humidity [RH]), heat stress (HS; 2 weeks; alternating 4-hour intervals at 26 and 33 C; 50% RH), and heat stress while consuming EIF (10 microg of ergovaline/kg/d; 2 weeks, HS + EIF). Blood samples were collected after each period and tested for GSH and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) concentrations. RESULTS: Feed consumption was similar when data were analyzed for time points at which WB concentrations of GSH or GSSG were determined. However, significant effects of treatment, cow, days exposed to heat, cow-by-treatment interaction, and treatment-by-days exposed to heat interaction were detected when data were considered simultaneously. Mean +/- SD hematocrit for TN, HS, and HS + EIF were 35.3+/-3, 33.3+/-2, and 37.1+/-3%, respectively. Mean WBGSH concentrations for TN, HS, and HS + EIF were 3.2+/-0.65, 2.7+/-0.62, and 2.4+/-0.56 mmol/L of RBC, respectively. Reduced WBGSH concentrations were associated with reduced feed intake during the later part of each heat period. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Decreased GSH and increased GSSG concentrations were evident during heat stress, especially when cattle consumed EIF These were associated with reduced feed intake during heat stress. Heat stress, reductions in feed intake, and thermoregulatory effects of EIF may induce oxidative stress in cattle.  相似文献   

Chondrodysplasia in Australian Dexter cattle   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

PAW HARPER  MR LATTER  FW NICHOLAS  RW COOK  PA GILL 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(3):199-202

Objective To describe the occurrence of chondrodysplasia in Australian Dexter cattle.
Design A pathological and genetic case report.
Procedure Congenital lethal chondrodysplasia was studied in two female Dexter foetuses aborted mid to late gestation. Clinicopathological findings including histological changes in limb bones, and analysis of pedigree information were evaluated.
Results Characteristic features of congenital lethal chon-drodysplasia (Dexter bulldog) include abortion, disproportionate dwarfism, a short vertebral column, marked micromelia, a relatively large head with retruded muzzle, cleft palate and protruding tongue and a large abdominal hernia. Histological changes in limb bones are consistent with failure of endochondral ossification. Dexter chondrodysplasia is considered to be inherited in an incompletely dominant manner with the homozygous form producing the congenital lethal condition. A preliminary minimum estimate of heterozy-gote frequency is 19% within the registered Australian Dexter herd, based on analysis of the contribution of three obligate heterozygotes whose semen has been widely used by artificial insemination in Australia.
Conclusion Dexter chondrodysplasia is present in Australian cattle and further cases of the homozygous form, congenital lethal chondrodysplasia, are likely to occur.
Recommendation It is requested that spleen and liver tissue from bulldog foetuses and blood from their parents be collected to assist research into Dexter chondrodysplasia.  相似文献